1991 in spaceflight

Orbital launches
First	8 January
Last	28 December
National firsts
Space traveller	Austria; United Kingdom
Rockets
Maiden flights	Ariane 4 44P; Atlas II
Retirements	Vostok-2M
Manned flights
Orbital	8
Total travellers	36
	v; t; e;

Launches

[edit]

This is a list of spaceflights launched in 1991.

Date and time (UTC)	Rocket	Site	LSP	Payload	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome	Remarks
8 January, 00:53:01 UTC	Delta II (7925)	LC-17B, Cape Canaveral	McDonnell Douglas	NATO-4A	NATO	GEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
14 January, 14:50:27 UTC	Soyuz-U2	LC-1/5, Baikonur	RVSN	Progress M-6	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO, docked to Mir	Resupply Mir	15 March 1991	Successful
15 January, 23:10:49 UTC	Ariane 4 (44L)	ELA-2, CSG	Arianespace	Italsat 1	ASI	GSO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
15 January, 23:10:49 UTC	Ariane 4 (44L)	ELA-2, CSG	Arianespace	Eutelsat 2F2	Eutelsat	GSO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
17 January, 10:30 UTC	Soyuz-U	LC-16/2, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2121 (Zenit-8)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Reconnaissance satellite	10 February 1991	Successful
17 January	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	17 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
18 January, 11:34 UTC	Tsyklon-2	Baikonur	RVSN	Kosmos 2122 (US-P)	MO SSSR	LEO	Naval reconnaissance	28 March 1993	Successful
19 January	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	19 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
19 January	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	19 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
19 January	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	19 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
20 January, 18:43 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	20 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
20 January, 18:43 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	20 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January, 08:29 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	21 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January, 08:29 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	21 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January, 09:42 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	21 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January, 09:42 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	21 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January, 09:42 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	21 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January, 09:42 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	21 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January, 19:18 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Al Jubayl	21 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 January, 00:41 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	22 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) Aimed at air force base, intercepted by Patriot ABM, warhead fell on a civilian neighbourhood.
22 January, 00:41 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	22 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 January, 00:41 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	22 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 January, 04:10 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	22 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) Aimed at US Air Force base. Intercepted by Patriot ABM, but still hit target.
22 January, 04:10 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	22 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 January, 04:10 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	22 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 January	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	22 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 January	Zhinui	Haikou	CALT		CALT	Sub-orbital	Test flight	22 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi)
23 January, 19:54 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	23 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
23 January, 19:54 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	23 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
23 January, 19:54 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	23 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
23 January, 19:54 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	23 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
23 January, 19:54 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	23 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
25 January, 19:23 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	25 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) Aimed at Coalition headquarters, intercepted by Patriot ABM, hit Saudi Department of Interior.
25 January, 19:23 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	25 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
25 January	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	25 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 January, 00:28 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	26 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 January, 06:25 UTC	Black Brant IX	LC-36, White Sands	NASA		NASA/JHU	Sub-orbital	Ultraviolet astronomy	26 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
26 January, 19:46 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	26 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 January	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	26 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
28 January, 17:55 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	28 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) Aimed at downtown Riyadh, intercepted by Patriot ABM, debris damaged a farm.
28 January, 18:24:24 UTC	ERIS	Meck Island, Kwajalein Atoll	US Air Force	ERIS	US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Interceptor test	28 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 270 kilometres (170 mi) Intercepted Aries rocket
28 January, 18:03:00 UTC	Minuteman IB	LF-03, Vandenberg AFB	US Air Force		US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Target	28 January 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
29 January, 11:59:58 UTC	Kosmos-3M	LC-133/3, Plesetsk	RVSN	Informator-1	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
2 February, 21:41 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	2 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
2 February	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	2 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
2 February	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	2 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
5 February, 02:36 UTC	Kosmos-3M	LC-133/3, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2123 (Tsikada)	MO SSSR	LEO	Navigation	Still in orbit	Successful so far
6 February, 07:29 UTC	LCLV	Wallops Island	Orbital		NRL	Sub-orbital	Plasma research	6 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 510 kilometres (320 mi)
6 February, 17:30 UTC	MR-12	Kapustin Yar	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Plasma research	6 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi)
7 February, 08:15 UTC	Topol'	Plesetsk	RVSN		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Test flight	7 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
7 February, 18:15 UTC	Soyuz-U	LC-16/2, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2124 (Yantar-4K2)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO		7 April 1991	Successful
7 February, 22:54 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	7 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
11 February, 19:20 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	11 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
11 February	Prithvi	Sriharikota	IDRDL		IDRDL	Sub-orbital	Test flight	11 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
12 February, 02:44 UTC	Kosmos-3M	LC-133/3, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2125 (Strela-1M)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2126 (Strela-1M)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2127 (Strela-1M)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2128 (Strela-1M)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2129 (Strela-1M)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2130 (Strela-1M)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2131 (Strela-1M)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2132 (Strela-1M)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
12 February, 03:29 UTC	S-520	Andøya	ISAS		ISAS	Sub-orbital	Auroral	12 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 353 kilometres (219 mi)
12 February, 09:11:54 UTC	Black Brant XII	Poker Flat	NASA	TOPAZ-3	NASA	Sub-orbital	Plasma research	12 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
14 February, 08:45 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack King Khalid Military City	14 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi), hit King Khalid Military City.
14 February, 08:45 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Hafir Al Batin	14 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
14 February, 08:31:56 UTC	Proton-K/DM-2	LC-200/39, Baikonur	RVSN	Kosmos 2133 (Prognoz)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	GEO	Missile defence	Still in orbit	Successful so far
15 February, 09:30 UTC	Soyuz-U	Baikonur	RVSN	Kosmos 2134 (Yantar-1KFT)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Reconnaissance satellite	1 April 1991	Successful
15 February, 15:19 UTC	Molniya-M	LC-43/3, Plesetsk	RVSN	Molniya-1-80	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	Molniya	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
15 February, 23:01 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Al Jubayl	15 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
16 February, 13:00 UTC	S-520	LA-K, Kagoshima	ISAS		ISAS	Sub-orbital	Ultraviolet astronomy	16 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 337 kilometres (209 mi)
18 February, 14:30 UTC	Strypi-XI	LC-1, Barking Sands	SDIO	Bow Shock 2	SDIO	Sub-orbital	Reentry Test	18 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi)
21 February, 14:06 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack King Khalid Military City	21 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 February, 14:06 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack King Khalid Military City	21 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 February, 18:00 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack King Khalid Military City	21 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 February, 23:31 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Bahrain	21 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 February, 19:46 UTC	Black Brant IX	LC-36, White Sands	NASA		NASA	Sub-orbital	Solar research	22 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
23 February, 01:59 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	23 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
23 February, 01:59 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	23 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
24 February, 01:32 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	24 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) Aimed at Coalition headquarters, intercepted by Patriot ABM, debris fell on a school.
24 February, 06:23 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	24 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
24 February, 09:17 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	24 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
24 February	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	24 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
25 February, 17:32 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	25 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) Hit US Army barracks, killing 28 and injuring 110.
25 February, 22:26 UTC	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Qatar	25 February 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 February, 04:53:06 UTC	Kosmos-3M	LC-133/3, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2135 (Parus)	MO SSSR	LEO	Navigation	Still in orbit	Successful so far
28 February, 05:30:00 UTC	Proton-K/DM-2	LC-81/23, Baikonur	RVSN	Raduga-27	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	GSO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
February	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
February	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
February	Al Hussein	Iraq	IQAF	HE warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
2 March, 23:36:00 UTC	Ariane 4 (44LP)	ELA-2, CSG	Arianespace	Astra 1B	SES Astra	GEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
2 March, 23:36:00 UTC	Ariane 4 (44LP)	ELA-2, CSG	Arianespace	Meteosat 5	ESA/EUMETSAT	GEO	Weather satellite	Still in orbit	Successful so far
6 March, 15:30 UTC	Soyuz-U	LC-16/2, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2136 (Zenit-8)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Reconnaissance satellite	20 March 1991	Successful
8 March, 12:03 UTC	Titan IVA (403A)	SLC-4E, Vandenberg AFB	US Air Force	USA-69 (Lacrosse-2)	US NRO	LEO	Radar reconnaissance	Still in orbit	Successful, still in operation	First Titan IV launch from Vandenberg AFB Oldest operational reconnaissance satellite as of 2008.
8 March, 23:03 UTC	Delta II (6925)	LC-17B, Cape Canaveral	McDonnell Douglas	Inmarsat 2F2	Inmarsat	GEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
12 March, 19:29:04 UTC	Kosmos-3M	LC-133/3, Plesetsk	RVSN	Nadezhda-3	MO SSSR	LEO	Navigation	Still in orbit	Successful so far
12 March	Peacekeeper	LF-02, Vandenberg AFB	US Air Force		US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	12 March 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
18 March, 10:15 UTC	Black Brant IX	LC-36, White Sands	NASA	SXT	NASA/University of Colorado	Sub-orbital	X-Ray astronomy	18 March 1991	Successful	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
19 March, 13:05:15 UTC	Soyuz-U2	LC-1/5, Baikonur	RVSN	Progress M-7	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO, docked to Mir	Resupply Mir	7 May 1991	Successful
19 March, 14:30 UTC	Kosmos-3M	LC-132/1, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2137 (Taifun-1)	MO SSSR	LEO	Radar calibration	3 April 1995	Successful
19 March	Trident C-4	Submarine, WTR	US Navy		US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	19 March 1991		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
19 March	Trident C-4	Submarine, WTR	US Navy		US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	19 March 1991		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
22 March, 12:19:59 UTC	Molniya-M	LC-43/4, Plesetsk	RVSN	Molniya-3-55L	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	Molniya	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
23 March, 07:00 UTC	Black Brant IX	LC-36, White Sands	NASA	MAMA	NASA	Sub-orbital	Ultraviolet astronomy	23 March 1991	Successful	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
26 March, 13:45 UTC	Soyuz-U	LC-16/2, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2138 (Yantar-4K2)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Reconnaissance satellite	24 May 1991	Successful
30 March, 02:27 UTC	Black Brant IX	LC-36, White Sands	NASA		NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	30 March 1991	Successful	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
31 March, 15:12:00 UTC	Proton-K	LC-200/40, Baikonur	RVSN	Almaz-1	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Radar reconnaissance	17 October 1992	Successful
4 April, 10:47:12 UTC	Proton-K/DM-2	LC-200/39, Baikonur	RVSN	Kosmos 2139 (GLONASS)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	MEO	Navigation	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2140 (GLONASS)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	MEO	Navigation	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2141 (GLONASS)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	MEO	Navigation	Still in orbit	Successful so far
4 April, 23:33:00 UTC	Ariane 4 (44P)	ELA-2, CSG	Arianespace	Anik E2	Telesat	GEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
5 April, 14:22:45 UTC	Space Shuttle Atlantis	LC-39B, Kennedy	USA	STS-37	NASA	LEO	Manned orbital flight	11 April 1991	Successful
5 April, 14:22:45 UTC	Space Shuttle Atlantis	LC-39B, Kennedy	USA	Compton GRO	NASA	LEO	Gamma ray astronomy	4 June 2000	Successful
5 April, 14:05 UTC	Topol'	Plesetsk	RVSN		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Test flight	5 April 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
9 April, 18:50 UTC	Skylark 7	LA-S, Esrange	DLR	SISSI-4	DLR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	9 April 1991	Successful	Apogee: 245 kilometres (152 mi)
9 April, 18:18 UTC	Viper 3A	Esrange	DLR		DLR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	9 April 1991	Successful	Apogee: 110 kilometres (68 mi)
9 April, 19:20 UTC	Viper 3A	Esrange	DLR		DLR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	9 April 1991	Successful	Apogee: 110 kilometres (68 mi)
12 April	HPB	Wallops Island	Orbital		Orbital	Sub-orbital	Target	12 April 1991	Successful	Apogee: 400 kilometres (250 mi)
13 April, 00:09 UTC	Delta II (7925)	LC-17B, Cape Canaveral	McDonnell Douglas	Spacenet 4	GE Americom	GSO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
15 April, 22:10 UTC	Trident D-5	USS West Virginia, ETR	US Navy	DASO-6	US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	15 April 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
16 April, 07:21:42 UTC	Kosmos-3M	LC-132/1, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2142 (Parus)	MO SSSR	LEO	Navigation	Still in orbit	Successful so far
17 April, 07:46 UTC	Black Brant 10CM1	Wallops Island	SDIO	SPFE-2	SDIO	Sub-orbital	Technology demonstration	17 April 1991	Successful	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
18 April, 18:33 UTC	Midgetman	TP-01, Vandenberg AFB	US Air Force		US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Test flight	18 April 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
18 April, 23:30 UTC	Atlas I	LC-36B, Cape Canaveral	General Dynamics	Yuri 3H	BSAT^{[disambiguation needed]}	Intended: GEO	Comsat	T+361 seconds	Failure	Destroyed by RSO after upper stage turbopump malfunction Apogee: 175 kilometres (109 mi)
24 April, 01:37:00 UTC	Tsyklon-3	Plesetsk	RVSN	Meteor-3-4	MO SSSR	LEO	Weather satellite	Still in orbit	Successful so far
25 April, 18:00 UTC	Nike-Orion	Poker Flat	NASA	CWAS-19	NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	25 April 1991	Successful	Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
28 April, 11:33:14 UTC	Space Shuttle Discovery	LC-39A, Kennedy	USA	STS-39	NASA	LEO	Manned orbital flight	6 May 1991	Successful
				IBSS-SPAS	SDIO	LEO	Scientific research	6 May 1991	Successful
				USA-70 (MPEC)	DARPA	LEO	Technology development	13 May 1991	Successful
				CRO-C	SDIO	LEO	Chemical release	14 May 1991	Successful
				CRO-B	SDIO	LEO	Chemical release	12 May 1991	Successful
				CRO-A	SDIO	LEO	Chemical release	13 May 1991	Successful
29 April	Sonda-3	Natal	IAE^{[disambiguation needed]}		INPE	Sub-orbital	Ionosphere research	29 April 1991	Successful	Apogee: 441 kilometres (274 mi)
30 April, 19:19 UTC	Nike-Orion	Poker Flat	NASA	CWAS-20	NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	30 April 1991	Failure	Apogee: 10 kilometres (6.2 mi)
4 May, 04:10 UTC	Black Brant IX	LC-36, White Sands	NASA	JASPR-I	NASA	Sub-orbital	Ultraviolet astronomy	4 May 1991	Successful	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
7 May, 18:05 UTC	Black Brant IX	LC-36, White Sands	NASA	SERTS-4	NASA	Sub-orbital	Solar research	7 May 1991	Successful	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
8 May, 03:54:00 UTC	Maxus	Esrange	SSC		SSC	Sub-orbital	Microgravity research	8 May 1991	Failure	Apogee: 157 kilometres (98 mi)
10 May	Trident C-4	USS Mariano G. Vallejo, ETR	US Navy	FCET	US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	10 May 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
10 May	Trident C-4	USS Mariano G. Vallejo, ETR	US Navy	FCET	US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	10 May 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
11 May, 20:40 UTC	Minuteman IB	LF-03, Vandenberg AFB	US Air Force		US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Target	11 May 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) Interceptor launch scrubbed
13 May, 19:03 UTC	Black Brant IX	LC-36, White Sands	NASA	MSSTA-I	NASA	Sub-orbital	Solar X-ray astronomy	13 May 1991	Successful	Apogee: 230 kilometres (140 mi)
14 May, 15:52:03 UTC	Atlas-E	SLC-3W, Vandenberg AFB	US Air Force	NOAA-12	NOAA	LEO (SSO)	Weather satellite	Still in orbit	Successful so far
16 May, 21:40 UTC	Tsyklon-3	Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2143 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2144 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2145 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2146 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2147 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2148 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
18 May, 12:50:28 UTC	Soyuz-U2	LC-1/5, Baikonur	RVSN	Soyuz TM-12	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO, docked to Mir	Manned orbital flight	10 October 1991	Successful
20 May, 07:30 UTC	Aries	LC-36, White Sands	NASA	SXT (XOGS)	NASA	Sub-orbital	X-Ray astronomy	20 May 1991	Successful	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
21 May, 09:00:00 UTC	Soyuz-U	LC-43/4, Plesetsk	RVSN	Resurs-F-10	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Remote sensing	20 June 1991	Successful
24 May, 15:29 UTC	Soyuz-U	LC-43/3, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2149 (Yantar-4K2)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Reconnaissance satellite	4 July 1991	Successful
28 May, 12:05 UTC	R-36MU	Baikonur	RVSN		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	28 May 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
29 May, 22:55 UTC	Delta II (7925)	LC-17B, Cape Canaveral	McDonnell Douglas	Aurora 2	GE Alascom	GSO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
30 May, 08:04:03 UTC	Soyuz-U2	LC-1/5, Baikonur	RVSN	Progress M-8	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO, docked to Mir	Resupply Mir	16 August 1991	Successful
May	Hwasong 6	Qom	DPRK		DPRK	Sub-orbital	Test flight	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
4 June, 08:10:00 UTC	Tsyklon-3	LC-32/2, Plesetsk	RVSN	Okean-3	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Oceanography	Still in orbit	Successful so far
5 June, 13:24:51 UTC	Space Shuttle Columbia	LC-39B, Kennedy	USA	STS-40	NASA	LEO	Manned orbital flight	14 June 1991	Successful
5 June, 13:24:51 UTC	SLS-1 (Spacelab)	LC-39B, Kennedy	USA	ESA/NASA	LEO	Biological research	Successful	14 June 1991
11 June, 05:41 UTC	Kosmos-3M	LC-133/3, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2150 (Strela-2M)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
11 June, 17:47 UTC	Peacekeeper	LF-08, Vandenberg AFB	US Air Force		US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	11 June 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
13 June, 15:41 UTC	Tsyklon-3	Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2151 (Tselina-R)	MO SSSR	LEO	ELINT	Still in orbit	Successful so far
18 June, 09:09 UTC	Molniya-M	LC-43/4, Plesetsk	RVSN	Molniya-1-81	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	Molniya	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
18 June, 11:34 UTC	Prospector	LC-20, Cape Canaveral	Orbital		Orbital	Sub-orbital	Microgravity research	18 June 1991	Failure	Apogee: 1 kilometre (0.62 mi)
21 June	Minuteman IB	LF-03, Vandenberg AFB	US Air Force		US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Re-entry vehicle test	21 June 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
24 June	SSBS S3	BLB, Biscarosse	DMA		DMA	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	24 June 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
25 June, 17:00 UTC	Topol'	Plesetsk	RVSN		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Test flight	25 June 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
25 June	Kosmos-3M	LC-132/1, Plesetsk	RVSN	Taifun-2-28	MO SSSR	Intended: LEO	Radar calibration	25 June 1991	Failure	Second stage malfunction
26 June, 02:39 UTC	Minuteman III	LF-26, Vandenberg AFB	US Air Force	GT-144GB	US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	26 June 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
28 June, 08:09:59 UTC	Soyuz-U	LC-43/3, Plesetsk	RVSN	Resurs-F-11	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Remote sensing	21 July 1991	Successful
29 June, 14:00 UTC	Scout G-1	SLC-5, Vandenberg AFB	NASA	REX-1 (P89-1A/ISES)	US Air Force/STP	LEO (Polar)	Technology demonstration	Still in orbit	Successful
1 July, 21:53:00 UTC	Proton-K/DM-2	LC-200/39, Baikonur	RVSN	Gorizont-23	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	GSO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
2 July	Minuteman III	LF-10, Vandenberg AFB	US Air Force	GT-143GM	US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	2 July 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
4 July, 02:32:00 UTC	Delta II (7925)	LC-17A, Cape Canaveral	McDonnell Douglas	USA-71 (GPS IIA-2)	US Air Force	MEO	Navigation	Still in orbit	Successful so far
4 July, 02:32:00 UTC	Delta II (7925)	LC-17A, Cape Canaveral	McDonnell Douglas	Losat-X	SDIO	LEO	Navigation	15 November 1991	Failure	Command receiver failed nine days after launch
9 July, 09:40 UTC	Soyuz-U	LC-43/4, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2152 (Zenit-8)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Reconnaissance satellite	23 July 1991	Successful
10 July, 14:00 UTC	Soyuz-U	LC-31/6, Baikonur	RVSN	Kosmos 2153 (Yantar-4KS1M)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Reconnaissance satellite	13 March 1992	Successful
11 July, 17:25 UTC	Black Brant IX	LC-36, White Sands	NASA		NASA	Sub-orbital	Solar ultraviolet astronomy	11 July 1991	Successful	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
17 July, 01:46:31 UTC	Ariane 4 (40)	ELA-2, CSG	Arianespace	ERS-1	ESA	LEO (SSO)	Remote sensing	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Orbcomm-X	Orbcomm	LEO	Technology demonstration	Still in orbit	Failure	Did not contact ground after separation from carrier rocket
				SARA	ESIEESPACE	LEO	Astronomy/Amateur radio	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Tubsat-A	TUB	LEO	Technology demonstration	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				UoSAT-5	SSTL	LEO	Technology demonstration/Amateur radio	Still in orbit	Successful so far
17 July, 17:33:53 UTC	Pegasus/HAPS	NB-52, Edwards AFB	Orbital	SCS-1 (Microsat-1)	DARPA	LEO	Technology development	23 January 1992	Partial failure	Placed in incorrect orbit due to staging error, most mission objectives still met
				SCS-2 (Microsat-2)	DARPA	LEO	Technology development	23 January 1992	Partial failure
				SCS-3 (Microsat-3)	DARPA	LEO	Technology development	24 January 1992	Partial failure
				SCS-4 (Microsat-4)	DARPA	LEO	Technology development	23 January 1992	Partial failure
				SCS-5 (Microsat-5)	DARPA	LEO	Technology development	23 January 1992	Partial failure
				SCS-6 (Microsat-6)	DARPA	LEO	Technology development	25 January 1992	Partial failure
				SCS-7 (Microsat-7)	DARPA	LEO	Technology development	23 January 1992	Partial failure
23 July, 09:05:00 UTC	Soyuz-U	LC-43/3, Plesetsk	RVSN	Resurs-F-12	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Remote sensing	8 August 1991	Successful
29 July	Trident D-5	USS Pennsylvania, ETR	US Navy	CET	US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	29 July 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
29 July	Trident D-5	USS Pennsylvania, ETR	US Navy	CET	US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	29 July 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
29 July	Trident D-5	USS Pennsylvania, ETR	US Navy	CET	US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	29 July 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
29 July	Trident D-5	USS Pennsylvania, ETR	US Navy	CET	US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	29 July 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
July	Hwasong 6	Chiha-ri	DPRK		DPRK	Sub-orbital	Test flight	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
July	MR-20	Professor Zubov, Caribbean	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
July	MR-20	Professor Zubov, Caribbean	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
July	MR-20	Professor Zubov, Caribbean	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
July	MR-20	Professor Zubov, Caribbean	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
1 August, 01:40:00 UTC	Nike-Orion	Esrange	DLR	TURBO-B	DLR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	1 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 130 kilometres (81 mi)
1 August, 01:54:00 UTC	Viper 3A	Esrange	NASA	PMSE	NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	1 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 111 kilometres (69 mi)
1 August, 01:03:00 UTC	Viper 3A	Esrange	NASA	PMSE	NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	1 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 112 kilometres (70 mi)
1 August, 02:39:00 UTC	Viper 3A	Esrange	NASA	PMSE	NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	1 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 112 kilometres (70 mi)
1 August, 02:24:00 UTC	Viper 3A	Esrange	DLR	PMSE	DLR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	1 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 115 kilometres (71 mi)
1 August, 11:53 UTC	Molniya-M	LC-43/4, Plesetsk	RVSN	Molniya-1-82	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	Molniya	Comsat	9 October 2004	Successful
2 August, 15:02:00 UTC	Space Shuttle Atlantis	LC-39A, Kennedy	USA	STS-48	NASA	LEO	Manned orbital flight	11 August 1991	Successful
2 August, 15:02:00 UTC	Space Shuttle Atlantis	LC-39A, Kennedy	USA	TDRS-5	NASA	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
5 August, 23:32:00 UTC	Viper 3A	Esrange	NASA		NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	5 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 113 kilometres (70 mi)
9 August, 22:53:00 UTC	Viper 3A	Esrange	NASA		NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	9 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 115 kilometres (71 mi)
9 August, 22:39:00 UTC	Viper 3A	Esrange	NASA		NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	9 August 1991	Failure	Apogee: 5 kilometres (3.1 mi)
9 August, 23:30:20 UTC	Black Brant VB	Esrange	NASA	EFIELD-A	NASA	Sub-orbital	Ionosphere research	9 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 101 kilometres (63 mi)
9 August, 23:15:00 UTC	Nike-Orion	Esrange	DLR	TURBO-A	DLR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	9 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi)
9 August, 23:15:15 UTC	Nike-Orion	Esrange	SSC	DECIMALS-A	SSC	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	9 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi)
9 August, 23:40:00 UTC	Nike-Orion	Esrange	NASA	PEP-A	NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	9 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi)
10 August, 00:06:00 UTC	Viper 3A	Esrange	NASA		NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	10 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 101 kilometres (63 mi)
10 August, 00:24:00 UTC	Viper 3A	Esrange	DLR		DLR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	10 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 115 kilometres (71 mi)
10 August, 01:37:00 UTC	Nike-Orion	Esrange	SSC	DECIMALS-B	SSC	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	10 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 118 kilometres (73 mi)
10 August, 01:42:00 UTC	Viper 3A	Esrange	NASA		NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	10 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi)
14 August, 23:15:13 UTC	Ariane 4 (44L)	ELA-2, CSG	Arianespace	Intelsat 605	Intelsat	GSO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
15 August, 09:14:59 UTC	Tsyklon-3	Plesetsk	RVSN	Meteor-3-5	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Weather satellite	Still in orbit	Successful so far
15 August, 12:05 UTC	UR-100NU	Baikonur	RVSN		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	15 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
19 August, 22:55 UTC	Topol'	Plesetsk	RVSN		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Test flight	19 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
20 August, 09:45:48 UTC	Aries	LC-20, Cape Canaveral	BMDO		BMDO	Sub-orbital	Target	20 August 1991	Failure	Apogee: 2 kilometres (1.2 mi)
20 August, 22:54:10 UTC	Soyuz-U2	LC-1/5, Baikonur	RVSN	Progress M-9	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO, docked to Mir	Resupply Mir	30 September 1991	Successful
21 August, 10:50:00 UTC	Soyuz-U	LC-43/3, Plesetsk	RVSN	Resurs-F-2	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Remote sensing	20 September 1991	Successful
22 August, 12:35:46 UTC	Kosmos-3M	LC-132/1, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2154 (Parus)	MO SSSR	LEO	Navigation	Still in orbit	Successful so far
25 August, 08:40 UTC	H-I	LA-N, Tanegashima	NASDA	BS-3B	BSAT^{[disambiguation needed]}	GSO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
29 August, 06:48:43 UTC	Vostok-2M	LC-31/6, Baikonur	RVSN	IRS-1B	ISRO	LEO (SSO)	Remote sensing	Still in orbit	Successful so far	Final flight of Vostok rocket
30 August, 02:30 UTC	Mu-3S-II	LA-M1, Kagoshima	ISAS	Yohkoh (SOLAR-A)	ISAS	LEO	Solar research	12 September 2005	Successful
30 August, 08:58:01 UTC	Zenit-2	LC-45/1, Baikonur	RVSN	Tselina-2	MO SSSR	Intended: LEO	ELINT	30 August 1991	Failure	Second stage overheated, resulting in explosion
30 August	Trident D-5	USS Kentucky, ETR	US Navy	DASO-7	US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	30 August 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
August	MR-20	Professor Zubov, Caribbean	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
August	MR-20	Professor Zubov, Caribbean	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
August	MR-20	Professor Zubov, Caribbean	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
August	MR-20	Professor Zubov, Caribbean	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
3 September	Minuteman III	LF-04, Vandenberg AFB	US Air Force	GT-145GM	US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	3 September 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
4 September, 05:50 UTC	Talos-Castor	Barking Sands	Sandia		Sandia	Sub-orbital	Tungsten dust release	4 September 1991	Successful	Apogee: 330 kilometres (210 mi)
6 September, 21:50 UTC	Black Brant 8C	White Sands	NASA		NASA	Sub-orbital	Plasma research	6 September 1991	Successful	Apogee: 148 kilometres (92 mi)
12 September, 05:41 UTC	Talos-Castor	Barking Sands	Sandia		Sandia	Sub-orbital	Target	12 September 1991	Successful	Apogee: 330 kilometres (210 mi)
12 September, 12:45 UTC	R-36MU	Baikonur	RVSN		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	12 September 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
12 September, 23:11:04 UTC	Space Shuttle Discovery	LC-39A, Kennedy	USA	STS-48	NASA	LEO	Manned orbital flight	18 September 1991	Successful
12 September, 23:11:04 UTC	Space Shuttle Discovery	LC-39A, Kennedy	USA	UARS	NASA	LEO	Atmospheric research	23 September 2011	Successful
13 September, 17:51:02 UTC	Proton-K/DM-2	LC-81/23, Baikonur	RVSN	Kosmos 2155 (Prognoz)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	GSO	Missile defence	Still in orbit	Successful so far
15 September, 23:00 UTC	TR-1A	LA-T, Tanegashima	NASDA		NASDA	Sub-orbital	Microgravity research	15 September 1991	Successful	Apogee: 270 kilometres (170 mi)
17 September, 10:20 UTC	R-36M2	Baikonur	RVSN		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Test flight	17 September 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
17 September, 20:01:59 UTC	Molniya-M	LC-43/4, Plesetsk	RVSN	Molniya-3-48L	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	Molniya	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
17 September, 23:43 UTC	Nike-Orion	Andøya	DLR	TURBO-METAL	DLR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	17 September 1991	Successful	Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
17 September	Peacekeeper	LF-02, Vandenberg AFB	US Air Force		US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	17 September 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
19 September, 16:20 UTC	Soyuz-U	LC-43/3, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2156 (Yantar-4K2)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Reconnaissance satellite	17 November 1991	Successful
20 September, 20:48 UTC	Nike-Orion	Andøya	DLR	TURBO-METAL	DLR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	20 September 1991	Successful	Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
20 September, 22:40 UTC	Nike-Orion	Andøya	DLR	TURBO-METAL	DLR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	20 September 1991	Successful	Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
26 September, 23:43:00 UTC	Ariane 4 (44P)	ELA-2, CSG	Arianespace	Anik E1	Telesat	GSO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
28 September, 07:05 UTC	Tsyklon-3	Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2157 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2158 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2159 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2160 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2161 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2162 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
30 September, 20:55:15 UTC	Nike-Orion	Andøya	DLR	TURBO-METAL	DLR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	30 September 1991	Successful	Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
September	MR-20	Professor Zubov, Caribbean	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
September	MR-20	Professor Zubov, Caribbean	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
September	MR-20	Professor Zubov, Caribbean	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
September	MR-20	Professor Zubov, Caribbean	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
2 October, 05:59:38 UTC	Soyuz-U2	LC-1/5, Baikonur	RVSN	Soyuz TM-13	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO, docked to Mir	Manned orbital flight	25 March 1992	Successful	Last Soviet manned spaceflight
2 October, 15:50 UTC	Topol'	Plesetsk	RVSN		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Test flight	2 October 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
3 October, 22:27:30 UTC	Nike-Orion	Andøya	DLR	TURBO-METAL	DLR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	3 October 1991	Successful	Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
4 October, 00:08 UTC	Nike-Orion	Andøya	DLR	TURBO-METAL	DLR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	4 October 1991	Successful	Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
4 October, 18:10:00 UTC	Soyuz-U	LC-43/4, Plesetsk	RVSN	Foton-4	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Biological research	20 October 1991	Successful
9 October, 13:15 UTC	Soyuz-U2	LC-1/5, Baikonur	RVSN	Kosmos 2163 (Ortlets)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Reconnaissance satellite	7 December 1991	Successful
10 October, 11:05 UTC	R-36M2	Baikonur	RVSN		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Test flight	10 October 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
10 October, 14:00 UTC	Kosmos-3M	LC-132/1, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2164 (Taifun-1)	MO SSSR	LEO	Calibration	12 December 1992	Successful
14 October, 10:17:20 UTC	Aries	LC-20, Cape Canaveral	BMDO		BMDO	Sub-orbital	Target	14 October 1991	Successful	Apogee: 320 kilometres (200 mi)
17 October, 00:05:25 UTC	Soyuz-U2	LC-1/5, Baikonur	RVSN	Progress M-10	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO, docked to Mir	Resupply Mir	20 January 1992	Successful
23 October, 15:25:00 UTC	Proton-K/DM-2	LC-200/39, Baikonur	RVSN	Gorizont-24	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	GSO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
29 October, 23:08:08 UTC	Ariane 4 (44L)	ELA-2, CSG	Arianespace	Intelsat 601	Intelsat	GSO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
30 October	Jericho I	Negev Desert	IDF		IDF	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	30 October 1991	Successful	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
October	MR-20	Professor Zubov, Caribbean	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
October	MR-20	Professor Zubov, Caribbean	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
October	MR-20	Professor Zubov, Caribbean	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
October	MR-20	Professor Zubov, Caribbean	MO SSSR		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
4 November	Trident D-5	USS Kentucky, ETR	US Navy	DASO-8	US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	4 November 1991		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
8 November, 07:07 UTC	Titan IVA (403A)	SLC-4E, Vandenberg AFB	US Air Force	USA-72 (SLDCOM-2)	US NRO	MEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				USA-74 (NOSS-2-2-A)	US NRO	LEO	Naval reconnaissance	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				USA-76 (NOSS-2-2-B)	US NRO	LEO	Naval reconnaissance	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				USA-77 (NOSS-2-2-C)	US NRO	LEO	Naval reconnaissance	Still in orbit	Successful so far
11 November, 10:19 UTC	Minuteman III	LF-09, Vandenberg AFB	US Air Force	GT-146GM	US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	11 November 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
11 November	Trident D-5	USS Pennsylvania, ETR	US Navy	CET	US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	11 November 1991		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
11 November	Trident D-5	USS Pennsylvania, ETR	US Navy	CET	US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	11 November 1991		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
11 November	Trident D-5	USS Pennsylvania, ETR	US Navy	CET	US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	11 November 1991		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
11 November	Trident D-5	USS Pennsylvania, ETR	US Navy	CET	US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	11 November 1991		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
12 November, 20:09 UTC	Tsyklon-3	Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2165 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2166 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2167 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2168 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2169 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
				Kosmos 2170 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	LEO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
16 November, 15:30 UTC	Black Brant 9CM1	LC-36, White Sands	SSI	CONSORT-4	SSI	Sub-orbital	Microgravity research	16 November 1991	Successful	Apogee: 298 kilometres (185 mi)
20 November, 08:05 UTC	R-36M2	Baikonur	RVSN		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	20 November 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
20 November, 19:15 UTC	Soyuz-U	LC-43/3, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2171 (Yantar-4K2)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Reconnaissance satellite	17 January 1992	Successful
22 November, 13:27:00 UTC	Proton-K/DM-2	LC-81/23, Baikonur	RVSN	Kosmos 2172 (Potok)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	GSO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
23 November, 09:40 UTC	Skylark 7	LA-S, Esrange	MBB	TEXUS-28	MBB	Sub-orbital	Microgravity research	23 November 1991	Successful	Apogee: 239 kilometres (149 mi)
24 November, 23:44:00 UTC	Space Shuttle Atlantis	LC-39A, Kennedy	USA	STS-44	NASA	LEO	Manned orbital flight	1 December 1991	Successful
24 November, 23:44:00 UTC	Space Shuttle Atlantis	LC-39A, Kennedy	USA	DSP-16	US Air Force	LEO	Missile defence	Still in orbit	Successful so far
26 November, 02:30 UTC	UR-100NU	Baikonur	RVSN		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Test flight	26 November 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
27 November, 03:30:26 UTC	Kosmos-3M	LC-133/3, Plesetsk	RVSN	Kosmos 2173 (Parus)	MO SSSR	LEO	Navigation	Still in orbit	Successful so far
28 November, 07:10 UTC	R-36M2	Baikonur	RVSN		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	28 November 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
28 November, 13:23 UTC	Atlas-E	SLC-3W, Vandenberg AFB	US Air Force	USA-73 (DMSP-11)	US Air Force	LEO (SSO)	Weather satellite	Still in orbit	Successful so far
6 December, 00:54 UTC	Taurus-Nike-Tomahawk	Wallops Island	NASA	RED AIR 2	NASA	Sub-orbital	Plasma research	6 December 1991	Successful	Apogee: 346 kilometres (215 mi)
6 December, 01:19 UTC	Taurus-Nike-Tomahawk	Wallops Island	NASA	RED AIR 2	NASA	Sub-orbital	Plasma research	6 December 1991	Successful	Apogee: 346 kilometres (215 mi)
7 December, 22:47 UTC	Atlas II	LC-36B, Cape Canaveral	General Dynamics	Eutelsat 2F3	Eutelsat	GSO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
16 December, 23:19:48 UTC	Ariane 4 (44L)	ELA-2, CSG	Arianespace	Inmarsat 2F3	Inmarsat	GSO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
16 December, 23:19:48 UTC	Ariane 4 (44L)	ELA-2, CSG	Arianespace	Télécom 2A	France Télécom	GSO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far
17 December, 11:00 UTC	Soyuz-U	LC-31/6, Baikonur	RVSN	Kosmos 2174 (Yantar-1KFT)	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	LEO	Reconnaissance satellite	30 January 1992	Successful
18 December, 03:54:00 UTC	Tsyklon-3	Plesetsk	RVSN	Interkosmos-25	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	MEO	Plasma research	Still in orbit	Successful so far
18 December, 03:54:00 UTC	Tsyklon-3	Plesetsk	RVSN	Maigon-3		MEO	Magnetosphere research	Still in orbit	Successful so far	Released from Interkosmos-25 on 28 December 1991
19 December, 11:41:00 UTC	Proton-K/DM-2	LC-81/23, Baikonur	RVSN	Raduga-28	MOM^{[disambiguation needed]}	GSO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Successful so far	Last Soviet orbital launch
20 December, 21:31 UTC	Rokot	LC-175, Baikonur	RVSN		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Test flight	20 December 1991	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
28 December, 12:00 UTC	Long March 3	LC-1, XSLC	CALT	Chinasat-4	Chinasat	Intended:GEO Achieved: GTO	Comsat	Still in orbit	Failure	Third stage failed to ignite
December	Volna	Kalmar class submarine	VMF		VMF	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
December	Zyb	Submarine	VMF	Sprint	VMF	Sub-orbital	Technology demonstration	Within an hour of launch	Successful	Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi)

[edit] Deep Space Rendezvous in 1991

Date (GMT)	Spacecraft	Event	Remarks
29 October	Galileo	Flyby of 951 Gaspra	Closest approach: 1,600 kilometres (990 mi)

[edit] EVAs

Start Date/Time	Duration	End Time	Spacecraft	Crew	Remarks
7 January 17:03	5 hours 18 minutes	22:21	Mir EO-8	Viktor Afanasyev Musa Manarov	Successfully repaired the damaged hatch on the Kvant-2 airlock and also positioned equipment for installation in a later EVA.
23 January 10:59	5 hours 33 minutes	16:32	Mir EO-8 Kvant-2	Viktor Afanasyev Musa Manarov	Installed the new Stela boom on the base block.
26 January 09:00	6 hours 20 minutes	15:20	Mir EO-8 Kvant-2	Viktor Afanasyev Musa Manarov	Installed supports on Kvant-1 to hold the solar arrays installed on Kristall.
7 April	4 hours 26 minutes		STS-37 Atlantis	Jerry L. Ross Jerome Apt	When the boom antenna on the GRO satellite would not extend, Ross and Apt exited the shuttle on an unplanned EVA to extend the boom to prepare for final release into orbit.^[1]
8 April	5 hours 47 minutes		STS-37 Atlantis	Jerry L. Ross Jerome Apt	Installed and tested several monorail-type mobility tools for future space station construction.^[1]
25 April 20:29	3 hours 34 minutes	26 April 00:03	Mir EO-8 Kvant-2	Viktor Afanasyev Musa Manarov	Inspected and filmed the Kurs antenna on Kvant-1, finding that one of the antenna dishes was missing and then re-installed the camera on Kvant-2 that was removed and repaired.
24 June 21:11	4 hours 58 minutes	25 June 02:09	Mir EO-9 Kvant-2	Anatoly Artsebarsky Sergei Krikalyov	Replaced the damaged Kurs antenna on Kvant-1 and performed assembly tests on an experimental structural joint.
28 June 19:02	3 hours 24 minutes	22:26	Mir EO-9 Kvant-2	Anatoly Artsebarsky Sergei Krikalyov	Attached TREK, a type of cosmic ray detector developed at the University of California, to the outside of Mir.^[2]
15 July 11:45	5 hours 56 minutes	17:41	Mir EO-9 Kvant-2	Anatoly Artsebarsky Sergei Krikalyov	Moved ladders and the base platform parts for the Sofora girder using the Strela boom from the airlock at Kvant-2 and installed them on Kvant-1.
19 July 11:10	5 hours 28 minutes	16:38	Mir EO-9 Kvant-2	Anatoly Artsebarsky Sergei Krikalyov	Started construction of the Sofora girder by installing three of 20 structural pieces.
23 July 09:15	5 hours 42 minutes	14:57	Mir EO-9 Kvant-2	Anatoly Artsebarsky Sergei Krikalyov	Continued the construction of the Sofora girder by installing eleven more of the 20 girder pieces.
27 July 08:44	6 hours 49 minutes	15:33	Mir EO-9 Kvant-2	Anatoly Artsebarsky Sergei Krikalyov	Completed assembly of the Sofora girder and mounted a small Russian flag on top of the structure. Artsebarsky had trouble with fogging on his visor, due to overexertion, but Krikalyov was able to lead him back to the airlock.

[edit] References

Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report".
Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches". Gunter's Space Page.
"Space Information Center". JAXA.
McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report". Jonathan's Space Page.
"Mission Set Database". NASA GSFC.
"NASASpaceFlight.com".
"Launch Logs". Orbital Report News Agency.
"Space Calendar". NASA JPL.
"Southwest Space Archive".
"Launch Forecast". Space.com.
"Spaceflight Now".
Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
"U.S. Space Objects Registry".
"Хроника освоения космоса ('Chronicle of space exploration')" (in Russian). Cosmoworld.ru.

Generic references:

Spaceflight portal

[edit] Footnotes

^ ^a ^b "Space Shuttle Flight 39 (STS-37)". Space Shuttle Video Library. National Space Society. 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
^ Price, P.B.; Lowder, D. M.; Westphal, A. J.; Wilkes, R. D.; Brennen, R. A.; Afanasyev, V. G.; Akimov, V. V.; Rodin, V. G. et al. (November 1992). "TREK – A cosmic-ray experiment on the Russian space station MIR". Astrophysics and Space Science (Springer) 197 (1): 121–143. Bibcode:1992Ap&SS.197..121P. doi:10.1007/BF00645077. |displayauthors= suggested (help); |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

[sts-37-1] "Space Shuttle Flight 39 (STS-37)". Space Shuttle Video Library. National Space Society. 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2009.

[2] Price, P.B.; Lowder, D. M.; Westphal, A. J.; Wilkes, R. D.; Brennen, R. A.; Afanasyev, V. G.; Akimov, V. V.; Rodin, V. G. et al. (November 1992). "TREK – A cosmic-ray experiment on the Russian space station MIR". Astrophysics and Space Science (Springer) 197 (1): 121–143. Bibcode:1992Ap&SS.197..121P. doi:10.1007/BF00645077. |displayauthors= suggested (help); |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

[1]

[2]

1991 in spaceflight

Contents

Launches

[edit] Deep Space Rendezvous in 1991

[edit] EVAs

[edit] References

[edit] Footnotes

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