1994 in science
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The year 1994 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Archaeology
- March 31 – The journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull, significant in the study of human evolution.
[edit] Astronomy and space exploration
- July 16–July 22 – The fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impact the planet Jupiter
- July 21 – R. Ibata, M. Irwin, and G. Gilmore discover the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, considered the closest galaxy to the Milky Way until 2003.[1]
- October 12 – NASA loses contact with the Magellan spacecraft after a successful mission. The probe crashes into Venus shortly after.
- Asteroid 7484 Dogo Onsesn is discovered by Masahiro Koishikawa.
- 14032 Mego is discovered.
- 8C 1435+63 is discovered and at z=4.25 becomes the most distant known galaxy.[2][3]
[edit] Biology
- September 10 – Wollemia (the 'Wollemi Pine'), previously known only from fossils, is discovered living in remote rainforest gorges in the Wollemi National Park of New South Wales by David Noble.[4]
- The Dingiso or tree-kangaroo of Western New Guinea is first seen by scientists.[5]
- Flora of China begins publication.
[edit] Chemistry
- November 9 – Darmstadtium first detected at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany, by Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Münzenberg, under the direction of Prof. Sigurd Hofmann.[6]
- December 8 – The first three atoms of Roentgenium are observed by an international team led by Sigurd Hofmann at the GSI in Darmstadt.[7]
[edit] Computer science
- Netscape Communications creates HTTP Secure for its Netscape Navigator web browser.[8]
- Leonard Adleman describes the experimental use of DNA as a computational system to solve a seven-node instance of the Hamiltonian path problem, the first known instance of the successful use of DNA to compute an algorithm.[9]
- December 3 – Sony release the PlayStation fifth generation home video game console in Japan.[10]
[edit] Medicine
- October – First public demonstration of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.[11]
- December 15 – Publication of the "Fukuda" clinical description of chronic fatigue syndrome.[12]
[edit] Molecular biology
- Green fluorescent protein is successfully expressed in C. elegans, starting its career as a fluorescent marker.
[edit] Technology
- May 6 – The Channel Tunnel, which took 15,000 workers over seven years to complete, opens between England and France. It is now possible to travel between the two countries in 35 minutes.
[edit] Awards
- Fields Prize in Mathematics: Efim Isakovich Zelmanov, Pierre-Louis Lions, Jean Bourgain and Jean-Christophe Yoccoz
- Nobel Prizes
- Turing Award – Edward Feigenbaum, Raj Reddy
- Wollaston Medal for Geology – William Jason Morgan
[edit] Deaths
- January 25 – Stephen Cole Kleene (b. 1909), American mathematician.
- July 29 – Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (b. 1910), British chemist.
- August 19 – Linus Pauling (b. 1901), American chemist.
- August 29 – Arthur Mourant (b. 1904), Jersiais hematologist.
[edit] References
- ^ Ibata, R. A.; Gilmore, G.; Irwin, M. J. (1994). "A dwarf satellite galaxy in Sagittarius". Nature 370 (6486): 194. Bibcode 1994Natur.370..194I. DOI:10.1038/370194a0.
- ^ Lacy, M.; Miley, G.; Rawlings, S.; Saunders, R.; Dickinson, M.; Garrington, S.; Maddox, S.; Pooley, G. et al. (1994). "8C 1435+635: A radio galaxy at z = 4.25". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 271: 504. Bibcode 1994MNRAS.271..504L.
- ^ http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/astro-ph/pdf/9411/9411007v1.pdf
- ^ Woodford, James (2002). The Wollemi Pine: the incredible discovery of a living fossil from the age of the dinosaurs (rev. ed.). Text Publishing Co. ISBN 1-876485-74-4.
- ^ Flannery, T. F.; Boeadi; Szalay, A. L. (1995). "A new tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus: Marsupialia) from Irian Jaya, Indonesia, with notes on ethnography and the evolution of tree-kangaroos". Mammalia 59 (1): 65–84. DOI:10.1515/mamm.1995.59.1.65.
- ^ Hofmann, S.; Ninov, V.; Heßberger, F. P.; Armbruster, P.; Folger, H.; Münzenberg, G.; Schött, H. J.; Popeko, A. G. et al. (1995). "Production and decay of 269110". Zeitschrift für Physik A 350 (4): 277. Bibcode 1995ZPhyA.350..277H. DOI:10.1007/BF01291181.
- ^ Hofmann, S.; Ninov, V.; Heßberger, F. P.; Armbruster, P.; Folger, H.; Münzenberg, G.; Schött, H. J.; Popeko, A. G. et al. (1995). "The new element 111". Zeitschrift für Physik A 350 (4): 281. Bibcode 1995ZPhyA.350..281H. DOI:10.1007/BF01291182.
- ^ Walls, Colin (2005). Embedded software. p. 344. http://books.google.com/books?id=FLvsis4_QhEC&pg=PA344. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
- ^ Adleman, Leonard M. (1994-11-11). "Molecular Computation of Solutions To Combinatorial Problems". Science 266 (5187): 1021–4. Bibcode 1994Sci...266.1021A. DOI:10.1126/science.7973651. JSTOR 2885489. PMID 7973651.
- ^ "Business Development/Japan (1994~2004)". Sony. http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdatajpn2004_e.html. Retrieved 2012-02-22.
- ^ "About the Cochrane Library". The Cochrane Library. Archived from the original on 5 January 2011. http://www.thecochranelibrary.com/view/0/AboutTheCochraneLibrary.html#ABOUT. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
- ^ Fukuda, Keiji; Straus, Stephen E.; Hickie, Ian; Sharpe, Michael C.; Dobbins, James G.; Komaroff, Anthony; International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group (15 December 1994). "The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Comprehensive Approach to Its Definition and Study". Annals of Internal Medicine 121 (12): 953–9. DOI:10.1059/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00009. PMID 7978722. http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/121/12/953. Retrieved 2011-07-29.
