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19th July)
July 19 is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 165 days remaining until the end of the year.
[edit] Events
- 64 – Great Fire of Rome: a fire begins to burn in the merchant area of Rome and soon burns completely out of control. According to a popular, but untrue legend, Nero fiddled as the city burned.
- 711 – Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete – Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic.
- 1333 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill – The English win a decisive victory over the Scots.
- 1544 – Italian War of 1542: the first Siege of Boulogne begins.
- 1545 – The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology.
- 1553 – Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after only nine days of reign.
- 1588 – Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines – The Spanish Armada is sighted in the English Channel.
- 1701 – Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding a large territory north of the Ohio River to England.
- 1702 – Great Northern War: A numerically superior Polish-Saxon army of Augustus II the Strong, operating from an advantageous defensive position, is defeated by a Swedish army half its size under the command of King Charles XII in the Battle of Klissow.
- 1832 – The British Medical Association is founded as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association by Sir Charles Hastings at a meeting in the Board Room of the Worcester Infirmary.
- 1843 – Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or screw propeller and also becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.
- 1848 – Women's rights: a two-day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York; there the "Bloomers" are introduced.
- 1863 – American Civil War: Morgan's Raid – At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
- 1864 – Taiping Rebellion: Third Battle of Nanking – The Qing Dynasty finally defeats the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
- 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
- 1900 – The first line of the Paris Métro opens for operation.
- 1908 – Dutch football club Feyenoord was founded
- 1916 – World War I: Battle of Fromelles – British and Australian troops attack German trenches in a prelude to the Battle of the Somme.
- 1919 – Following Peace Day celebrations marking the end of World War I, ex-servicemen riot and burn down Luton Town Hall.
- 1940 – World War II: Battle of Cape Spada – The Royal Navy and the Regia Marina clash; the Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni sinks, with 121 casualties.
- 1940 – World War II: Army order 112 forms the Intelligence Corps of the British Army.
- 1942 – World War II: Battle of the Atlantic – German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions in response to the effective American convoy system.
- 1947 – The Prime Minister of the shadow Burmese government, Bogyoke Aung San and 6 of his cabinet and 2 non-cabinet members are assassinated by Galon U Saw.
- 1947 – Korean politician Yuh Woon-Hyung is assassinated.
- 1961 – Tunisia imposes a blockade on the French naval base at Bizerte; the French would capture the entire town four days later.
- 1963 – Joe Walker flies a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 metres (347,800 feet) on X-15 Flight 90. Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a human spaceflight under international convention.
- 1964 – Vietnam War: at a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
- 1972 – Dhofar Rebellion: British SAS units help the Omani government against Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman rebels in the Battle of Mirbat.
- 1976 – Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
- 1979 – The Sandinista rebels overthrow the government of the Somoza family in Nicaragua.
- 1981 – In a private meeting with U.S. President Ronald Reagan, French Prime Minister François Mitterrand reveals the existence of the Farewell Dossier, a collection of documents showing that the Soviets had been stealing American technological research and development.
- 1983 – The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a CT is published.
- 1985 – The Val di Stava dam collapses killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy.
- 1989 – United Airlines flight 232 crashes in Sioux City, Iowa killing 112 of the 296 passengers.
- 1992 – Anti-Mafia Judge Paolo Borsellino is killed by a Mafia car bomb in Palermo, Italy together with five police officers.
- 1997 – The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army resumes a ceasefire to end their 25-year campaign to end British rule in Northern Ireland.
[edit] Births
- 1670 – Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (d. 1758)
- 1688 – Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)
- 1744 – Heinrich Christian Boie, German author (d. 1806)
- 1759 – Seraphim of Sarov, Russian Orthodox Saint (d. 1833)
- 1759 – Marianna Auenbrugger, Austrian pianist and composer (d. 1782)
- 1771 – Thomas Talbot, Irish-born Canadian administrator (d. 1853)
- 1789 – John Martin, English painter (d. 1854)
- 1800 – Juan José Flores, Venezuelan military commander and Ecuadorian politician (d. 1864)
- 1814 – Samuel Colt, American firearms inventor (d. 1862)
- 1819 – Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890)
- 1822 – Princess Augusta of Cambridge, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1916)
- 1827 – Mangal Pandey, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1857)
- 1834 – Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
- 1849 – Ferdinand Brunetière, French writer and critic (d. 1906)
- 1860 – Lizzie Borden, American accused murderer (d. 1927)
- 1865 – Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
- 1868 – Florence Foster Jenkins, American opera singer (d. 1945)
- 1876 – John Gunn, England cricketer (d. 1963)
- 1876 – Joseph Fielding Smith, American religious figure (d. 1972)
- 1877 – Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
- 1883 – Max Fleischer, Austrian-born American animator and film producer (d. 1972)
- 1886 – Michael Fekete, Hungarian-born Israeli mathematician (d. 1957)
- 1888 – Enno Lolling, German physician (d. 1945)
- 1892 – Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957)
- 1893 – Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1930)
- 1894 – Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin, Russian mathematician (d. 1959)
- 1894 – Khawaja Nazimuddin, Bengali politician (d. 1965)
- 1895 – Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953)
- 1896 – A. J. Cronin, Scottish writer (d. 1981)
- 1896 – Bob Meusel, American baseball player (d. 1977)
- 1898 – Herbert Marcuse, German-born philosopher (d. 1979)
- 1904 – Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, American lawyer; last direct descendant of Abraham Lincoln (d. 1985)
- 1907 – Isabel Jewell, American actress (d. 1972)
- 1912 – Norman Carr, British conservationist (d. 1997)
- 1914 – Marius Russo, American baseball player (d. 2005)
- 1916 – Eve Merriam, American poet and playwright (d. 1992)
- 1916 – Phil Cavarretta, American baseball player (d. 2010)
- 1917 – William Scranton, American politician
- 1919 – Miltos Sachtouris, Greek poet (d. 2005)
- 1919 – Dallas McKennon, American actor (d. 2009)
- 1919 – Patricia Medina, English-born actress
- 1920 – Robert Mann, composer/violinist with Juilliard String Quartet
- 1920 – Aldo Protti, Italian baritone (d. 1995)
- 1921 – Rosalyn Yalow, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2011)
- 1921 – Harold Camping, American evangelist
- 1922 – George McGovern, American politician
- 1923 – William A. Rusher, American newspaper columnist (d. 2011)
- 1924 – Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician (d. 2005)
- 1924 – Pat Hingle, American actor (d. 2009)
- 1924 – Arthur Rankin, Jr., American writer, producer and director
- 1925 – Sue Thompson, American pop and country music singer
- 1926 – Helen Gallagher, American actress
- 1932 – Buster Benton, blues singer & guitarist
- 1932 – Jan Lindblad, Swedish naturalist, writer and photographer (d. 1987)
- 1934 – Francisco Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
- 1935 – Vasily Livanov, Russian and Soviet film actor
- 1937 – George Hamilton IV, American country singer
- 1938 – Nicholas Bethell, British historian (d. 2007)
- 1938 – Jayant Narlikar, Indian astrophysicist
- 1938 – Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993)
- 1940 – Dennis Cole, American actor (d. 2009)
- 1941 – Vikki Carr, American singer
- 1941 – Neelie Kroes, Dutch EU-executive
- 1943 – Han Sai Por, Singaporean sculptor
- 1944 – Tim McIntire, American actor (d. 1986)
- 1945 – George Dzundza, American actor
- 1946 – Alan Gorrie, Scottish musician (Average White Band)
- 1946 – Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player
- 1947 – Hans-Jürgen Kreische, East German footballer
- 1947 – Bernie Leadon, The Eagles guitarist
- 1947 – Brian May, English guitarist (Queen)
- 1948 – Beverly Archer, American actress
- 1948 – Keith Godchaux, American keyboardist (Grateful Dead) (d. 1980)
- 1949 – Ivar Kants, Australian actor
- 1950 – Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian politician
- 1950 – Freddy Moore, American songwriter
- 1951 – Abel Ferrara, American filmmaker
- 1951 – Reza Kianian, Iranian actor
- 1951 – Jayson Stark, American sportswriter
- 1952 – Allen Collins, American guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1990)
- 1952 – Robert A. Ficano, American politician
- 1952 – John Griesheimer, American politician
- 1954 – Alvan Adams, American basketball player
- 1954 – Srđa Trifković, Serbian-born American journalist
- 1955 – Roger Binny, Indian cricketer
- 1956 – Joe Mohen, American internet entrepreneur
- 1956 – Nikki Sudden, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2006)
- 1956 – Yoshiaki Yatsu, Japanese professional wrestler
- 1958 – Robert Gibson, American professional wrestler
- 1958 – David Robertson, American symphony orchestra conductor
- 1959 – Juan Jose Campanella, Argentinian filmmaker
- 1960 – Atom Egoyan, Canadian filmmaker
- 1960 – Kevin Haskins, British drummer
- 1961 – Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast
- 1961 – Lisa Lampanelli, American comedian
- 1961 – Benoît Mariage, Belgian film director
- 1961 – Hideo Nakata, Japanese film director
- 1961 – Campbell Scott, American actor
- 1962 – Anthony Edwards, American actor
- 1962 – Aya Kitō, Japanese writer (d. 1988)
- 1963 – Garth Nix, Australian fantasy writer
- 1964 – André A. Jackson, French-born American diamond executive
- 1964 – Masahiko Kondo, Japanese singer, actor and racing driver
- 1965 – Evelyn Glennie, Scottish percussionist
- 1965 – Stuart Scott, American sportscaster
- 1965 – Claus-Dieter Wollitz, German footballer
- 1966 – David Segui, American baseball player
- 1966 – Nancy Walls, American actress
- 1967 – Yael Abecassis, Israeli actress and model
- 1967 – Muriel Degauque, Belgian terrorist (d. 2005)
- 1967 – Stuart Howe, Canadian operatic tenor
- 1968 – Robert Flynn, American vocalist and guitarist (Machine Head)
- 1968 – Jim Norton, American radio personality (The Opie and Anthony Show)
- 1969 – Matthew Libatique, American cinematographer
- 1970 – Bill Chen, American quantitative analyst
- 1971 – Russell Allen, American vocalist (Symphony X)
- 1971 – Urs Bühler, Swiss tenor (Il Divo)
- 1971 – Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer
- 1971 – Michael Modest, American professional wrestler
- 1972 – Naohito Fujiki, Japanese actor and singer
- 1972 – Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer
- 1973 – Laurits Munch-Petersen, Danish film director
- 1973 – Martin Powell, English violinist and keyboardist (Cradle of Filth, My Dying Bride)
- 1973 – Saïd Taghmaoui, French actor
- 1973 – Scott Walker, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1974 – Rey Bucanero, Mexican professional wrestler
- 1974 – Francisco Copado, German footballer
- 1974 – Malcolm O'Kelly, Irish rugby union footballer
- 1974 – Preston Wilson, American baseball player
- 1975 – Luca Castellazzi, Italian footballer
- 1976 – Benedict Cumberbatch, British actor
- 1976 – Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer
- 1976 – Vinessa Shaw, American actress
- 1977 – Jean-Sébastien Aubin, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1977 – Tony Mamaluke, American professional wrestler
- 1977 – Haitham Mustafa, Sudanese footballer
- 1977 – Ed Smith, English cricketer
- 1979 – Rick Ankiel, American baseball player
- 1979 – Dilhara Fernando, Sri Lankan cricketer
- 1979 – Michelle Heaton, British pop singer
- 1979 – Luke Young, English footballer
- 1980 – Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player
- 1980 – Giorgio Mondini, Italian racing driver
- 1980 – Mark Webber, American actor
- 1981 – David Bernard, Jamaican West Indies cricketer
- 1981 – Jimmy Gobble, American baseball player
- 1981 – Didz Hammond, English bass guitarist (Dirty Pretty Things, The Cooper Temple Clause)
- 1981 – Nenê, Brazilian footballer
- 1981 – Nikki Osborne, Australian actress
- 1982 – Christopher Bear, American drummer (Grizzly Bear)
- 1982 – Jared Padalecki, American actor
- 1982 – Stuart Parnaby, English footballer
- 1982 – Jess Vanstrattan, Australian footballer
- 1983 – Helen Skelton, British TV presenter
- 1984 – Alessandra De Rossi, Filipino actress
- 1984 – Lasse Gjertsen, Norwegian animator
- 1984 – Andrea Libman, Canadian actress and voice actress
- 1984 – Diana Mocanu, Romanian swimmer
- 1984 – Adam Morrison, American basketball player
- 1984 – Ryan O'Byrne, Canadian hockey player
- 1984 – Lewis Price, Welsh footballer
- 1985 – LaMarcus Aldridge, American basketball player
- 1986 – Leandro Greco, Italian footballer
- 1987 – Marc Murphy, Australian rules footballer
- 1987 – Jon Jones, American mixed martial artist
- 1988 – Shane Dawson, American YouTube comedian
- 1988 – Jakub Kovář, Czech ice hockey player
- 1992 – Jake Nicholson, English footballer
[edit] Deaths
- 514 – Pope Symmachus
- 931 – Uda of Japan (b. 867)
- 1374 – Francesco Petrarch, Italian poet (b. 1304)
- 1415 – Philippa of Lancaster (b. 1359)
- 1543 – Mary Boleyn, sister of Anne Boleyn (b. c. 1499)
- 1631 – Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (b. 1550)
- 1687 – Laura Martinozzi, Duchess of Modena (b. 1637)
- 1692 – Sarah Good, American Salem witch trials figure (b. 1653)
- 1692 – Susannah Martin, American Salem witch trials figure (b. 1621)
- 1742 – William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675)
- 1810 – Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia (b. 1776)
- 1814 – Matthew Flinders, English explorer (b. 1774)
- 1838 – Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist (b. 1785)
- 1850 – Margaret Fuller, American writer (b. 1810)
- 1857 – Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1796)
- 1868 – Soji Okita, Japanese samurai
- 1896 – Abraham H. Cannon, American religious figure (b. 1859)
- 1913 – Clímaco Calderón, President of Colombia (b. 1852)
- 1939 – Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet (b. 1850)
- 1943 – Yekaterina Budanova, Soviet female pilot (b. 1916)
- 1947 – Aung San, Burmese nationalist (b. 1915)
- 1947 – U Razak, Burmese politician (b. 1898)
- 1947 – Yuh Woon-Hyung, Korean politician (b. 1886)
- 1965 – Syngman Rhee, first President of South Korea (b. 1875)
- 1969 – Stratis Myrivilis, Greek writer (b. 1890)
- 1974 – Joe Flynn, American actor (b. 1924)
- 1974 – Erno Schwarz, Hungarian-American soccer player (b. 1904)
- 1975 – Lefty Frizzell, American country music singer and songwriter (b. 1928)
- 1980 – Nihat Erim, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1912)
- 1980 – Hans Morgenthau, German political philosopher (b. 1904)
- 1981 – Roger Doucet, French Canadian tenor (b. 1919)
- 1982 – John Harvey, English stage and film actor (b. 1911)
- 1982 – Hugh Everett, American physicist (b. 1930)
- 1984 – Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896)
- 1985 – Janusz A. Zajdel, Polish writer (b. 1938)
- 1989 – Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish politician (b. 1913)
- 1990 – Eddie Quillan, American actor (b. 1907)
- 1992 – Paolo Borsellino, Italian magistrate (b. 1940)
- 1998 – Elmer Valo, Slovak-American baseball player (b. 1921)
- 2002 – Dave Carter, American folksinger (b. 1952)
- 2002 – Alan Lomax, American folksong collector (b. 1915)
- 2003 – Bill Bright, American evangelist (b. 1921)
- 2003 – Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1908)
- 2004 – Francis A. Marzen, American Catholic prelate (b. 1924)
- 2004 – Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
- 2005 – Edward Bunker, American writer (b. 1933)
- 2005 – John Tyndall, British politician (b. 1934)
- 2006 – Jack Warden, American actor (b. 1920)
- 2007 – A. K. Faezul Huq, Bangladeshi lawyer, politician, and freelance journalist (b. 1945)
- 2007 – Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentine cartoonist (b. 1944)
- 2008 – Anastasia Blue, American porn actress (b. 1980)
- 2008 – Dercy Gonçalves, Brazilian comedienne (b. 1907)
- 2009 – Frank McCourt, Irish-American writer (b. 1930)
- 2009 – Henry Surtees, British racing driver (b. 1991)
- 2010 – Sokratis Giolias, Greek investigative journalist and broadcaster (b. 1973)
- 2010 – Lorenzen Wright, American basketball player (b. 1975)
[edit] Holidays and observances
[edit] External links
