1st Canadian Parliament

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The initial seat distribution of the 1st Canadian Parliament

Sir John A. Macdonald was Prime Minister during the 1st Canadian Parliament.

The 1st Canadian Parliament was in session from November 6, 1867 until July 8, 1872. The membership was set by the 1867 federal election from August 7 to September 20, 1867, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was prorogued prior to the 1872 election.

It was controlled by a Conservative/Liberal-Conservative Party majority under Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald. The Official Opposition was the Liberal Party, led by Edward Blake from 1869 to 1871.

The Speaker was James Cockburn. See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1867-1871 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were 5 sessions of the 1st Parliament:

Session	Start	End
1st	November 6, 1867	May 22, 1868
2nd	April 15, 1869	June 22, 1869
3rd	February 15, 1870	May 12, 1870
4th	February 15, 1871	April 14, 1871
5th	April 11, 1872	June 14, 1872

Nova Scotia

Riding	Member	Party
Annapolis	William Hallett Ray	Anti-Confederate then Liberal*
Antigonish	Hugh McDonald	Anti-Confederate then Liberal-Conservative*
Cape Breton	James Charles McKeagney	Anti-Confederate then Liberal-Conservative*
Colchester	Archibald McLelan to June 21, 1869 (appointed to Senate)	Anti-Confederate then Liberal-Conservative*
	Adams George Archibald from September 9, 1869 to May 19 1870 (named Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories)	Liberal-Conservative
	Frederick M. Pearson from November 8, 1870	Liberal
Cumberland	Charles Tupper	Conservative
Digby	Alfred William Savary	Anti-Confederate then Conservative*
Guysborough	Stewart Campbell	Anti-Confederate then Liberal-Conservative*
Halifax	Alfred Gilpin Jones	Anti-Confederate then Independent
Halifax	Patrick Power	Anti-Confederate then Liberal*
Hants	Joseph Howe	Anti-Confederate then Liberal-Conservative*
Inverness	Hugh Cameron	Anti-Confederate then Liberal-Conservative*
Kings	William Henry Chipman to April 9, 1870 (death)	Anti-Confederate then Liberal*
	Leverett de Veber Chipman from June 23, 1870	Liberal
Lunenberg	Edmund Mortimer McDonald	Anti-Confederate then Liberal-Conservative*
Pictou	James William Carmichael	Anti-Confederate then Liberal*
Queens	James Fraser Forbes	Anti-Confederate then Liberal*
Richmond	William Croke to March 11, 1869 (death)	Anti-Confederate then Conservative*
	Isaac Le Vesconte from April 20, 1869	Conservative*
Shelburne	Thomas Coffin	Anti-Confederate then Liberal-Conservative*
Victoria	William Ross	Anti-Confederate then Liberal*
Yarmouth	Thomas Killam to December 15, 1868 (death)	Anti-Confederate
	Frank Killam from April 20, 1869	Liberal

The Anti-Confederate Party dissolved after failing to secure Nova Scotia's secession from Confederation. In 1869 its members joined other parties, or in one case sat as an independent.

New Brunswick

Riding	Member	Party
Albert	John Wallace	Liberal
Carleton	Charles Connell	Liberal
Charlotte	John Bolton	Liberal
City and County of Saint John	John Hamilton Gray	Conservative
City of Saint John	Samuel Leonard Tilley	Liberal-Conservative
Gloucester	Timothy Warren Anglin	Liberal
Kent	Auguste Renaud	Liberal
King's	George Ryan	Liberal
Northumberland	John Mercer Johnson to September 8, 1868 (death)	Liberal
	Richard Hutchison from December 24, 1868	Liberal
Queen's	John Ferris	Liberal
Restigouche	John McMillan to February 15, 1868 (appointed Inspector of Post Offices)	Liberal
	William Murray Caldwell from March 13, 1868 to September 29, 1870 (death)	Liberal
	George Moffat from November 29, 1870	Conservative
Sunbury	Charles Burpee	Liberal
Victoria	John Costigan	Liberal-Conservative
Westmorland	Albert James Smith	Liberal
York	Charles Fisher to October 3, 1868 (appointed to the Supreme Court of New Brunswick)	Liberal
	John Pickard from October 28, 1868	Independent Liberal

Quebec

Riding	Member	Party
Argenteuil	John Abbott	Liberal-Conservative
Bagot	Pierre-Samuel Gendron	Conservative
Beauce	Christian Pozer	Liberal
Beauharnois	Michael Cayley	Conservative
Bellechasse	Louis Napoléon Casault to May 26, 1870 (appointed to Superior Court of Quebec)	Conservative
	Télesphore Fournier from August 15, 1870	Liberal
Berthier	Anselme Pâquet	Liberal
Bonaventure	Théodore Robitaille	Conservative
Brome	Christopher Dunkin* to October 24, 1871 (appointed to Superior Court of Quebec)	Conservative
	Edward Carter from November 17, 1871	Conservative
Chambly	Pierre Benoit	Conservative
Champlain	John Jones Ross	Conservative
Charlevoix	Simon Xavier Cimon	Conservative
Châteauguay	Luther Holton	Liberal
Chicoutimi—Saguenay	Pierre Alexis Tremblay	Liberal
Compton	John Henry Pope*	Liberal-Conservative
Dorchester	Hector-Louis Langevin	Conservative
Drummond—Arthabaska	Louis Adélard Sénécal	Conservative
Gaspé	Pierre Fortin	Conservative
Hochelaga	Antoine Dorion	Liberal
Huntingdon	John Rose* to September 30, 1869 (appointed to Senate)	Liberal-Conservative
	Julius Scriver from October 30, 1869	Liberal
Iberville	François Béchard	Liberal
Jacques Cartier	Guillaume Gaucher	Conservative
Joliette	François Benjamin Godin	Liberal
Kamouraska	no election in 1867 due to rioting
	Charles Pelletier from February 17, 1869	Liberal
Laprairie	Alfred Pinsonneault	Conservative
L'Assomption	Louis Archambeault	Liberal-Conservative
Laval	Joseph Bellerose	Conservative
Lévis	Joseph Blanchet	Liberal-Conservative
L'Islet	Barthélemy Pouliot*	Conservative
Lotbinière	Henri Joly De Lotbinière	Liberal
Maskinongé	George Caron	Conservative
Mégantic	George Irvine	Conservative
Missisquoi	Brown Chamberlin to June 6, 1870 (resigned to become Queen's Printer)	Conservative
	George Baker from July 5, 1870	Liberal-Conservative
Montcalm	Joseph Dufresne to July 13, 1871 (resigned)	Conservative
	Firmin Dugas from September 15, 1871	Conservative
Montmagny	Joseph-Octave Beaubien	Conservative
Montmorency	Joseph Cauchon to November 1, 1867	Conservative
	Jean Langlois from December 11, 1867	Conservative
Montreal Centre	Thomas Workman	Liberal
Montreal East	George-Étienne Cartier	Liberal-Conservative
Montreal West	Thomas D'Arcy McGee to April 7, 1868 (assassinated)	Liberal-Conservative
	Michael Patrick Ryan from April 20, 1868	Liberal-Conservative
Napierville	Sixte Coupal dit la Reine	Liberal
Nicolet	Joseph Gaudet	Conservative
Ottawa (County of)	Alonzo Wright	Liberal-Conservative
Pontiac	Edmund Heath	Conservative
Portneuf	Jean Brousseau	Conservative
Quebec-Centre	Georges-Honoré Simard	Conservative
Quebec County	Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau	Conservative
Quebec East	Pierre Huot to June 14, 1870 (resigned to become Postmaster of Quebec)	Liberal
	Adolphe Guillet dit Tourangeau from July 18, 1870	Conservative
Quebec West	Thomas McGreevy	Liberal-Conservative
Richelieu	Thomas McCarthy to September 23, 1870 (death)	Conservative
	Georges Isidore Barthe from November 18, 1870	Independent Conservative
Richmond—Wolfe	William Hoste Webb	Conservative
Rimouski	George Sylvain	Conservative
Rouville	Guillaume Cheval dit St-Jacques	Liberal
Saint Maurice	Louis Léon Lesieur Desaulniers to September 29, 1868 (resigned)	Conservative
	Élie Lacerte from October 30, 1868	Conservative
Shefford	Lucius Huntington	Liberal
Sherbrooke (Town of)	Alexander Galt	Liberal-Conservative
Soulanges	Luc Masson	Conservative
St. Hyacinthe	Alexandre Kierzkowski to August 4, 1870 (death)	Liberal
	Louis Delorme from September 1, 1870	Liberal
St. John's	François Bourassa	Liberal
Stanstead	Charles Colby	Liberal-Conservative
Témiscouata	Charles Bertrand	Conservative
Terrebonne	Louis Masson	Conservative
Three Rivers	Louis Boucher De Niverville to September 30, 1868 (resigned)	Conservative
	William McDougall from October 17, 1868	Conservative
Two Mountains	Jean-Baptiste Daoust	Conservative
Vaudreuil	Donald McMillan	Conservative
Verchères	Félix Geoffrion	Liberal
Yamaska	Moïse Fortier	Liberal

Four Quebec members recontested their seats in byelections, and were re-elected:

• John Rose was reelected in Huntingdon on November 28, 1867, after being named Minister of Finance.

• Barthélemy Pouliot was unseated on petition, but was reelected in L'Islet on July 14, 1869.

• Christopher Dunkin was reelected in Brome on November 29, 1869, after being named Minister of Agriculture.

• John Henry Pope was reelected in Compton on November 11, 1871, after being named Minister of Agriculture following Dunkin's resignation from Parliament.

Ontario

Riding	Member	Party
Addington	James N. Lapum	Conservative
Algoma	Wemyss Mackenzie Simpson to April 26, 1871 (appointed Indian Commissioner for Rupert's Land)	Conservative
	Frederick William Cumberland from June 30, 1871	Conservative
Bothwell	David Mills	Liberal
Brant North	John Young Bown	Liberal-Conservative
Brant South	Hon. Edmund Burke Wood	Liberal
Brockville	James Crawford	Conservative
Bruce North	Alexander Sproat	Conservative
Bruce South	Francis Hurdon	Conservative
Cardwell	Thomas Roberts Ferguson	Conservative
Carleton	John Holmes	Liberal-Conservative
Cornwall	Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald	Liberal
Dundas	John Sylvester Ross	Liberal-Conservative
Durham East	Francis H. Burton	Conservative
Durham West	Edward Blake	Liberal
Elgin East	Thomas William Dobbie	Conservative
Elgin West	John H. Munroe	Conservative
Essex	John O'Connor	Conservative
Frontenac	Thomas Kirkpatrick to March 26, 1870 (death)	Conservative
	George Airey Kirkpatrick from April 27, 1870	Conservative
Glengarry	Donald Alexander Macdonald	Liberal
Grenville South	Walter Shanly	Conservative
Grey North	George Snider	Liberal
Grey South	George Jackson	Conservative
Haldimand	David Thompson	Liberal
Halton	John White	Liberal
Hamilton	Charles Magill	Liberal
Hastings East	Hon. Robert Read to February 24, 1871 (appointed to Senate)	Conservative
	John White from March 20, 1871	Conservative
Hastings North	Mackenzie Bowell	Conservative
Hastings West	James Brown	Conservative
Huron North	Joseph Whitehead	Liberal
Huron South	Malcolm Colin Cameron	Liberal
Kent	Rufus Stephenson	Conservative
Kingston	The Right Honourable Sir John A. Macdonald, Prime Minister of Canada	Liberal-Conservative
Lambton	Alexander Mackenzie	Liberal
Lanark North	Hon. William C.B. McDougall	Liberal-Conservative
Lanark South	Alexander Morris*	Conservative
Leeds North and Grenville North	Francis Jones	Conservative
Leeds South	John Willoughby Crawford	Conservative
Lennox	Richard John Cartwright	Conservative
Lincoln	Hon. James Rea Benson to March 14, 1868 (appointed to the Senate)	Liberal-Conservative
	Thomas Rodman Merritt from April 13, 1868	Liberal
London	Hon. John Carling	Liberal-Conservative
Middlesex East	Crowell Willson	Liberal-Conservative
Middlesex North	Thomas Scatcherd	Liberal
Middlesex West	Angus Peter McDonald	Conservative
Monck	Lachlin McCallum	Liberal-Conservative
Niagara	Angus Morrison	Conservative
Norfolk North	Aquila Walsh	Conservative
Norfolk South	Peter Lawson	Liberal
Northumberland East	Joseph Keeler	Liberal-Conservative
Northumberland West	Hon. James Cockburn	Conservative
Ontario North	John Hall Thompson	Liberal
Ontario South	Thomas Nicholson Gibbs	Liberal-Conservative
City of Ottawa	Joseph Merrill Currier	Liberal-Conservative
Oxford North	Thomas Oliver	Liberal
Oxford South	Ebenezer Vining Bodwell	Liberal
Peel	Hon. John Hillyard Cameron	Conservative
Perth North	James Redford	Liberal
Perth South	Robert MacFarlane	Liberal
Peterborough East	Peregrine Maitland Grover	Conservative
Peterborough West	Charles Perry	Conservative
Prescott	Albert Hagar	Liberal
Prince Edward	Walter Ross	Liberal
Renfrew North	John Rankin to October 12, 1869 (resigned)	Conservative
	Francis Hincks from November 13, 1869	Liberal-Conservative
Renfrew South	Daniel McLachlin to June 3, 1869 (resigned)	Liberal
	John Lorn McDougall from July 12, 1869	Liberal
Russell	James Alexander Grant	Conservative
Simcoe North	Thomas David McConkey	Liberal
Simcoe South	William Carruthers Little	Liberal-Conservative
Stormont	Samuel Ault	Liberal-Conservative
Toronto East	James Beaty	Conservative
Victoria North	John Morison	Liberal
Victoria South	George Kempt	Liberal
Waterloo North	Isaac Erb Bowman	Liberal
Waterloo South	James Young	Liberal
Welland	Thomas Clark Street	Conservative
Wellington Centre	Thomas Sutherland Parker to October 24, 1868 (death)	Liberal
	James Ross from January 18, 1869	Liberal
Wellington North	George Alexander Drew	Liberal-Conservative
Wellington South	David Stirton	Liberal
Wentworth North	James McMonies	Liberal
Wentworth South	Joseph Rymal	Liberal
West Toronto	Robert Alexander Harrison	Conservative
York East	James Metcalfe	Liberal
York North	James Pearson Wells	Liberal
York West	Hon. William Pearce Howland to July 14, 1868 (appointed Lieutenant Governor of Ontario)	Liberal-Conservative
	Amos Wright from August 14, 1868	Liberal

One Ontario MP, Alexander Morris, recontested his seat in a byelection. He was reelected in Lanark South on November 29, 1869, after being appointed Minister of Inland Revenue.

Manitoba

Manitoba joined Confederation in 1870. Byelections to choose Manitoba's representatives were held on March 2 and March 3, 1871.

Riding	Member	Party
Lisgar	John Christian Schultz from March 2, 1871	Conservative
Marquette	James S. Lynch and Angus McKay from March 2, 1871 (both declared elected due to a tie)	Liberal and Conservative
Selkirk	Donald Alexander Smith from March 2, 1871	Independent Conservative
Provencher	Pierre Delorme from March 3, 1871	Conservative

British Columbia

British Columbia joined Confederation in 1871. Byelections to choose the province's representatives were held in November and December of that year.

Riding	Member	Party
Cariboo District	Joshua Spencer Thompson from December 19, 1871	Liberal-Conservative
New Westminster District	Hugh Nelson from December 13, 1871	Liberal-Conservative
Vancouver	Robert Wallace from December 15, 1871	Conservative
Victoria	Amor De Cosmos from November 24, 1871	Liberal
Victoria	Henry Nathan, Jr. from November 24, 1871	Liberal
Yale District	Charles Frederick Houghton from December 19, 1871	Liberal

Succession

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