23 (number)

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This article is about the number 23. For the year, see 23. For the movies, see 23 (film) and The Number 23. For other uses, see 23 (disambiguation).
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← 22 23 24 →
Cardinal twenty-three
Ordinal 23rd
(twenty-third)
Factorization Prime
Divisors 1, 23
Roman numeral XXIII
Binary 101112
Ternary 2123
Quaternary 1134
Octal 278
Duodecimal 1B12
Hexadecimal 1716
Vigesimal 1320
Base 36 N36

23 (twenty-three) is the natural number following 22 and preceding 24.

Contents

In mathematics [edit]

Twenty-three is the ninth prime number, the smallest odd prime that is not a twin prime. Twenty-three is also the fifth factorial prime, the third Woodall prime. It is an Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part and real part of the form 3n − 1.

Twenty-three is the sum of three other, consecutive , prime numbers; 5, 7 and 11. It is the first prime number showing this characteristic.

The fifth Sophie Germain prime and the fourth safe prime, 23 is the next to last member of the first Cunningham chain of the first kind to have five terms (2, 5, 11, 23, 47). Since 14! + 1 is a multiple of 23 but 23 is not one more than a multiple 14, 23 is a Pillai prime. 23 is the smallest odd prime to be a highly cototient number, as the solution to x − φ(x) for the integers 95, 119, 143, 529.

Twenty-three is the aliquot sum of two integers; the discrete semiprimes 57 and 85 and is the base of the 23-aliquot tree.

23 is the first prime P for which unique factorization of cyclotomic integers based on the Pth root of unity breaks down.

The sum of the first 23 primes is 874, which is divisible by 23, a property shared by few other numbers.[1][2]

In the list of fortunate numbers, 23 occurs twice, since adding 23 to either the fifth or eighth primorial gives a prime number (namely 2333 and 9699713).

23 also has the distinction of being one of two integers that cannot be expressed as the sum of fewer than 9 cubes of integers (the other is 239). See Waring's problem.

23 is a Wedderburn–Etherington number. The codewords in the perfect (non-extended) binary Golay code are of size 23.

According to the birthday paradox, in a group of 23 (or more) randomly chosen people, the probability is more than 50% that some pair of them will have the same birthday.

There were 23 problems on David Hilbert's famous list of unsolved mathematical problems, presented to the International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris in 1900.

In base 10, 23 is the second Smarandache–Wellin prime, as it is the concatenation of the base 10 representations of the first two primes (2 and 3) and is itself also prime. It is also a happy number in base 10. 23! is 23 digits long in base 10. There are only three other numbers that have this property: 1, 22, and 24.

The natural logarithms of all positive integers lower than 23 are known to have binary BBP-type formulae.[3]

In science [edit]

In technology [edit]

23 is the TCP/IP port used for telnet and is the default for the telnet command.

In religion [edit]

  • Psalm 23, also known as the Shepherd Psalm, is possibly the most quoted and best known Psalm.[7] Psalms is also the 23rd book in the Douay–Rheims Bible.
  • In Islam, the Qur'an was revealed in a total of 23 years to Muhammad.[8][9]
  • Muslims believe the first verses of the Qur'an were revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, on the 23rd night of the 9th Islamic month.[10]
  • In Abhidharma, the number of anomalous generic types (of a possible 72) - e.g., events are considered sui generis because they are not reducible to either mind or matter — is 23.
  • Principia Discordia, the sacred text of Discordianism, holds that 23 (along with the discordian prime 5) is one of the sacred numbers of Eris, goddess of discord.
  • The Ancient Chinese believed that numbers conveyed sexuality with even numbers representing femininity and odd representing masculinity. Prime numbers were considered the most masculine and special status was conferred on 23 as it contained not only two consecutive prime numbers (2 and 3) but also the only even prime number.[citation needed]

In popular culture [edit]

Sports [edit]

Michael Jordan, a star basketball player for the NBA, wore the number 23 on his jersey

The number 23 has been worn by and sometimes retired for a number of few prominent athletes. Michael Jordan wore number 23 when he played professional basketball with the Chicago Bulls and, later, the Washington Wizards -- except immediately following his comeback from baseball, when he wore number 45, and for one game in the 1990-91 season against the Orlando Magic when his jersey was stolen and he wore the number 12. Australian cricketer Shane Warne wore the number 23 during his career; Don Mattingly of the New York Yankees wore number 23; the New York Yankees retired the number in 1997. Ryne Sandberg, of the Chicago Cubs, wore number 23, which was retired on August 28, 2005. Bob Nystrom of the New York Islanders wore number 23 and has had the number retired in his honor. Bob Gainey, ex-General Manager and former player for the Montreal Canadiens, had his number 23 retired February 23, 2008. Australian Football Player Lance Franklin from the Hawthorn Hawks wears the number 23. The all star NHL player Alexander Edler also wore number 23

Manchester City F.C. retired their number 23 shirt in 2003 following the death of Marc-Vivien Foé who had held this squad number at the club. Foé collapsed and died while playing for Cameroon on June 26, 2003. Belgian team Club Brugge KV did the same when their number 23, François Sterchele, died in a car accident on May 8, 2008.

Upon signing for Real Madrid from Manchester United in 2003 David Beckham found the number 7 shirt that he had always worn at Manchester and while on England duty occupied by Madrid hero Raúl. He declined the offer of the number 4 shirt recently vacated by departing captain Fernando Hierro and instead picked the number 23 in reference to Michael Jordan.[11][12] When he then moved to MLS team Los Angeles Galaxy in 2007, he again chose to wear the number 23 jersey. Later, when he was on loan at AC Milan during the American off-season, he wore the reversed number 32 instead as the number 23 was already in use at the club.

In darts, 23 is the lowest score that cannot be gained with the throw of a single dart.

In Hurling, 23 worn by Rory Bolger for Sallins Jnr Hurling as it was the only jersey that would fit.

Music [edit]

  • Alfred Harth uses the number 23 in his artist name Alfred 23 Harth, or A23H, since the year 1+9+8+5 = 23.
  • British underground electronic label Bad Sekta was officially launched on the 23rd November 2005. The label and its artists often use the number in their work, regularly releasing music for free on the 23rd day of the month. Bad Sekta's publishing imprint Fear Control was originally known as Twenty Third Publishing.
  • Several songs and albums use the number 23 as their titles, including Tristan Prettyman's debut album, the eleventh song from Tool's fourth full-length studio album 10,000 Days, "Viginti Tres" (Latin for twenty-three).
  • Blonde Redhead have the album '23' and the song with the same name.
  • Jimmy Eat World's song "23" appeared on their album Futures. The number also appears in the songs "Christmas Card" and "12."23".95" as well as on some items of clothing produced by the band.
  • Four tet and Yellowcard both have songs titled "Twenty-Three".
  • Phuq often uses 23 in his song titles and choice of samples.
  • The Posies have a record called Dear 23
  • The Church's 2009 studio album is called "Untitled 23"
  • Spiral Tribe From its inception, the group was obsessed by the number 23. Members sometimes recorded under the moniker of SP23, and the record label itself was called Network 23.
  • Carbon Based Lifeforms released a 2011 album titled "Twentythree."
  • Noah23 has several albums which reference the number 23.
  • Luna's song "23 Minutes in Brussels" (featuring Tom Verlaine) appears on their album "Penthouse".

Film and television [edit]

Other fields [edit]

References [edit]

  1. ^ (sequence A045345 in OEIS)
  2. ^ Puzzle 31.- The Average Prime number, APN(k) = S(Pk)/k from The Prime Puzzles & Problems Connection website
  3. ^ http://www.math.grinnell.edu/~chamberl/papers/bbp.pdf
  4. ^ H. Wramsby, K. Fredga, P. Liedholm, "Chromosome analysis of human oocytes recovered from preovulatory follicles in stimulated cycles" New England Journal of Medicine 316 3 (1987): 121 - 124
  5. ^ Barbara J. Trask, "Human genetics and disease: Human cytogenetics: 46 chromosomes, 46 years and counting" Nature Reviews Genetics 3 (2002): 769. "Human cytogenetics was born in 1956 with the fundamental, but empowering, discovery that normal human cells contain 46 chromosomes."
  6. ^ Mohr, Peter J.; Taylor, Barry N.; Newell, David B. (2008). "CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2006". Rev. Mod. Phys. 80 (2): 633–730. Bibcode:2008RvMP...80..633M. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.80.633.  Direct link to value.
  7. ^ Miriam Dunson, A Very Present Help: Psalm Studies for Older Adults. New York: Geneva Press (1999): 91. "Psalm 23 is perhaps the most familiar, the most loved, the most memorized, and the most quoted of all the psalms."
  8. ^ Living Religions: An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths, Mary Pat Fisher, 1997, page 338, I.B. Tauris Publishers,
  9. ^ Qur'an, Chapter 17, Verse 106
  10. ^ Quran, Chapter 97
  11. ^ "David Beckham by numbers: Is No 77 the latest addition to England star's collection?". Daily Mail. 2011-01-11. 
  12. ^ Couzens, Gerard (2003-07-08). "Why did Beckham choose number 23?". The Scotsman. 
  13. ^ Nan Cross: "Supported men resisting apartheid conscription", The Sunday Times (South Africa), 2007-07-22, accessed 2009-01-05.
  14. ^ Woolf Greg (2006), Et Tu Brute? – The Murder of Caesar and Political Assassination, 199 pages – ISBN 1-86197-741-7

External links [edit]

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