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30th September)
September 30 is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 92 days remaining until the end of the year.
[edit] Events
- 1399 – Henry IV is proclaimed King of England.
- 1744 – France and Spain defeat the Kingdom of Sardinia at the Battle of Madonna dell'Olmo.
- 1791 – The first performance of The Magic Flute, the last opera by Mozart to make its debut, took place at Freihaus-Theater auf der Wieden in Vienna, Austria.
- 1791 – The National Constituent Assembly in Paris is dissolved; Parisians hail Maximilien Robespierre and Jérôme Pétion as "incorruptible patriots".
- 1813 – Battle of Bárbula: Simón Bolívar defeats Santiago Bobadilla.
- 1860 – Britain's first tram service begins in Birkenhead, Merseyside.
- 1882 – Thomas Edison's first commercial hydroelectric power plant (later known as Appleton Edison Light Company) begins operation on the Fox River in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States.
- 1888 – Jack the Ripper kills his third and fourth victims, Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes.
- 1895 – Madagascar becomes a French protectorate.
- 1903 – The new Gresham's School is officially opened by Field Marshal Sir Evelyn Wood.
- 1906 – The Real Academia Galega, Galician language's biggest linguistic authority, starts working in Havana.
- 1907 – McKinley National Memorial, final resting place of assassinated U.S. President William McKinley and his family, dedicated in Canton, Ohio.
- 1927 – Babe Ruth becomes the first baseball player to hit 60 home runs in a season.
- 1931 – Start of "Die Voortrekkers" youth movement for Afrikaners in Bloemfontein, South Africa.
- 1935 – The Hoover Dam, astride the border between the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada, is dedicated.
- 1938 – At 2:00 am, Britain, France, Germany and Italy sign the Munich Agreement, allowing Germany to occupy the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia.
- 1938 – The League of Nations unanimously outlaws "intentional bombings of civilian populations".
- 1939 – General Władysław Sikorski becomes commander-in-chief of the Polish Government in exile.
- 1941 – World War II: Holocaust in Kiev, Ukraine: German Einsatzgruppe C complete Babi Yar massacre.
- 1945 – The Bourne End rail crash, in Hertfordshire, England, kills 43
- 1947 – The Islamic Republic of Pakistan and Yemen join the United Nations.
- 1947 – The World Series, featuring the New York Yankees and the Brooklyn Dodgers, is televised for the first time.
- 1949 – The Berlin Airlift ends.
- 1954 – The U.S. Navy submarine USS Nautilus is commissioned as the world's first nuclear reactor powered vessel.
- 1955 – Film star James Dean dies in a road accident aged 24.
- 1962 – Mexican-American labor leader César Chávez founds the National Farm Workers Association, which later becomes United Farm Workers.
- 1962 – James Meredith enters the University of Mississippi, defying segregation.
- 1965 – The Lockheed L-100, the civilian version of the C-130 Hercules, is introduced.
- 1966 – The British protectorate of Bechuanaland declares its independence, and becomes the Republic of Botswana. Seretse Khama takes office as the first President.
- 1967 – BBC Light Programme, Third Programme and Home Service are replaced with BBC Radio 2, 3 and 4 Respectively, BBC Radio 1 is also launched with Tony Blackburn presenting the first show.
- 1968 – The Boeing 747 is rolled out and shown to the public for the first time at the Boeing Everett Factory.
- 1970 – Jordan makes a deal with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) for the release of the remaining hostages from the Dawson's Field hijackings.
- 1972 – Roberto Clemente records the 3,000th and final hit of his career.
- 1975 – The Hughes (later McDonnell-Douglas, now Boeing) AH-64 Apache makes its first flight.
- 1977 – Because of US budget cuts and dwindling power reserves, the Apollo program's ALSEP experiment packages left on the Moon are shut down.
- 1979 – The Hong Kong MTR commences service with the opening of its Modified Initial System (aka. Kwun Tong Line).
- 1980 – Ethernet specifications are published by Xerox working with Intel and Digital Equipment Corporation.
- 1982 – Cyanide-laced Tylenol kills six people in the Chicago area. Seven are killed in all.
- 1986 – Mordechai Vanunu, who revealed details of Israel's covert nuclear program to British media, is kidnapped in Rome, Italy by the Israeli Mossad.
- 1990 – The Dalai Lama unveils the Canadian Tribute to Human Rights in Canada's capital city of Ottawa.
- 1993 – An earthquake hits India's Latur and Osmanabad district of Marathwada (Aurangabad division) in Maharashtra state leaving tens of thousands of people dead and many more homeless.
- 1994 – Aldwych tube station (originally Strand Station) of the London Underground closes after eighty-eight years of service.
- 1994 – Ongar railway station, the furthest London Underground from Central London, closes.
- 1999 – Japan's second worst nuclear accident at a uranium reprocessing facility in Tōkai-mura, northeast of Tokyo.
- 2004 – The first images of a live giant squid in its natural habitat are taken 600 miles south of Tokyo.
- 2004 – The AIM-54 Phoenix, the primary missile for the F-14 Tomcat, is retired from service. Almost two years later, the Tomcat is retired.
- 2005 – The controversial drawings of Muhammad are printed in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten.
- 2009 – The 2009 Sumatra earthquakes occur, killing over 1,115 people.
[edit] Births
- 1207 – Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, Persian mystic and poet (d. 1273)
- 1227 – Pope Nicholas IV (d. 1292)
- 1530 – Geronimo Mercuriali, Italian philologist and physician (d. 1606)
- 1550 – Michael Maestlin, German mathematician (d. 1631)
- 1631 – William Stoughton, American jurist (d. 1701)
- 1689 – Jacques Aubert, French composer and violinist (d. 1753)
- 1700 – Stanisław Konarski, Polish writer (d. 1773)
- 1710 – John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, British statesman (d. 1771)
- 1715 – Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, French philosopher (d. 1780)
- 1732 – Jacques Necker, French finance minister of Louis XVI (d. 1804)
- 1765 – José María Morelos, Mexican revolutionary (d. 1815)
- 1800 – Decimus Burton, British architect (d. 1881)
- 1811 – Queen Augusta of Saxe-Weimar of Prussia (d. 1890)
- 1813 – John Rae, Scottish physician and explorer (d. 1893)
- 1827 – Ellis H. Roberts, American politician (d. 1918)
- 1832 – Anna Maria Reeves Jarvis, American labor activist (d. 1905)
- 1852 – Charles Villiers Stanford, Irish composer (d. 1924)
- 1861 – William Wrigley, Jr., American industrialist (d. 1932)
- 1870 – Jean Baptiste Perrin, French physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1942)
- 1870 – Thomas W. Lamont, American banker (d. 1948)
- 1882 – Hans Geiger, German physicist (d. 1945)
- 1883 – Bernhard Rust, Nazi education minister (d. 1945)
- 1887 – Lil Dagover, Dutch-born German actress (d. 1980)
- 1893 – Lansdale Sasscer, American politician (d. 1964)
- 1895 – Lewis Milestone, Russian-born film director (d. 1980)
- 1897 – Alfred Wintle, British military figure and author (d. 1966)
- 1897 – Gaspar Cassadó, Spanish cellist and composer (d. 1966)
- 1898 – Renée Adorée, French actress (d. 1933)
- 1898 – Orestis Makris, Greek actor (d. 1975)
- 1898 – Princess Charlotte of Monaco (d. 1977)
- 1901 – Thelma Terry, American bandleader and bassist (d. 1966)
- 1904 – Waldo Williams, Welsh poet (d. 1971)
- 1905 – Nevill Francis Mott, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
- 1905 – Michael Powell, British screenwriter, film director, and producer (d. 1990)
- 1906 – Mireille Hartuch, French singer, composer and actress (d. 1996)
- 1908 – David Oistrakh, Ukrainian violinist (d. 1974)
- 1910 – Jussi Kekkonen, Finnish major (d. 1962)
- 1912 – Kenny Baker, American singer and actor (d. 1985)
- 1913 – Bill Walsh, American film producer and writer (d. 1975)
- 1915 – Lester Maddox, American businessman and politician (d. 2003)
- 1917 – Park Chung-hee, President of South Korea (d. 1979)
- 1917 – Buddy Rich, American big band jazz drummer (d. 1987)
- 1918 – Lewis Nixon, American WWII veteran (d. 1995)
- 1918 – René Rémond, French historian and political economist (d. 2007)
- 1919 – Roberto Bonomi, Argentine racing driver (d. 1992)
- 1919 – Patricia Neway, American soprano
- 1920 – Aldo Parisot, Brazilian-born American cellist
- 1921 – Deborah Kerr, Scottish actress (d. 2007)
- 1922 – Alan Stretton, Australian general
- 1922 – Lamont Johnson, American television director (d. 2010)
- 1923 – Donald Swann, member of the group Flanders and Swann (d. 1994)
- 1924 – Truman Capote, American author (d. 1984)
- 1924 – Nikos Rizos, Greek actor (d. 1999)
- 1926 – Robin Roberts, American baseball player (d. 2010)
- 1927 – W. S. Merwin, American poet
- 1928 – Elie Wiesel, Romanian Holocaust survivor; Nobel laureate
- 1929 – Vassilis Papazachos, Greek seismologist
- 1931 – Angie Dickinson, American actress
- 1932 – Shintarō Ishihara, Japanese author and politician (Governor of Tokyo)
- 1932 – Johnny Podres, American baseball player (d. 2008)
- 1933 – Ben Cooper, American actor
- 1933 – Cissy Houston, American gospel singer
- 1933 – Barbara Knox, English actress
- 1934 – Alan A'Court, English footballer (d. 2009)
- 1934 – Udo Jürgens, Austrian singer
- 1934 – Anna Kashfi, Welsh actress
- 1935 – Johnny Mathis, American singer
- 1935 – Z. Z. Hill, American blues singer (d. 1984)
- 1936 – Jim Sasser, American Senator
- 1937 – Valentin Silvestrov, Ukrainian composer
- 1937 – Jurek Becker, German author
- 1938 – Alan Hacker, English clarinettist and professor of the Royal Academy of Music
- 1939 – Jean-Marie Lehn, French chemist, Nobel laureate
- 1939 – Len Cariou, Canadian actor
- 1940 – Dewey Martin, Canadian rock musician (Buffalo Springfield) (d. 2009)
- 1940 – Samuel F. Pickering, Jr., American author and professor
- 1942 – Frankie Lymon, American singer (d. 1968)
- 1942 – Gus Dudgeon, record producer (d. 2002)
- 1943 – Johann Deisenhofer, German chemist, Nobel laureate
- 1943 – Marilyn McCoo, American singer (The 5th Dimension)
- 1943 – Ian Ogilvy, British Actor
- 1944 – Diane Dufresne, French Canadian singer
- 1944 – Jimmy Johnstone, Scottish Celtic footballer (d. 2006)
- 1944 – Red Robbins, American basketball player (d. 2009)
- 1945 – Ehud Olmert, Israeli statesman
- 1945 – Bob Lassiter, American radio personality
- 1946 – Paul Sheahan, Australian test cricketer
- 1946 – Héctor Lavoe, Puerto Rican singer (d. 1993)
- 1946 – Jochen Mass, German race car driver
- 1946 – Claude Vorilhon, French UFO advocate
- 1946 – Fran Brill, American actress, voice actress and puppeteer
- 1947 – Marc Bolan, English musician (T. Rex) (d. 1977)
- 1947 – Rula Lenska, English actress
- 1948 – Craig Kusick, American baseball player (d. 2006)
- 1950 – Renato Zero, Italian musician
- 1951 – Barry Marshall, Australian physician, Nobel laureate
- 1951 – John Lloyd British comedy writer and television producer
- 1952 – Jack Wild, British actor (d. 2006)
- 1952 – John Lombardo, musician, founding member of 10,000 Maniacs
- 1953 – Deborah Allen, American singer
- 1953 – S. M. Stirling, Canadian author
- 1953 – Matt Abts, American drummer (Gov't Mule)
- 1954 – Basia Trzetrzelewska, Polish singer and songwriter
- 1954 – Barry Williams, American actor
- 1954 – Scott Fields, guitarist and composer
- 1954 – Patrice Rushen, American musician
- 1955 – Frankie Kennedy, Irish flute and tin whistle player
- 1955 – Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems
- 1956 – Trevor Morgan, English footballer and coach
- 1957 – Fran Drescher, American actress
- 1958 – Marty Stuart, American musician
- 1959 – Debrah Farentino, American actress
- 1959 – Ettore Messina, Italian basketball coach
- 1960 – Blanche Lincoln, American politician
- 1960 – Julia Adamson, composer/musician
- 1960 – Miki Howard, American singer and actress
- 1961 – Eric Stoltz, American actor
- 1961 – Crystal Bernard, American actress
- 1961 – Eric van de Poele, Belgian racing driver
- 1961 – Sally Yeh, Hong Kong singer and actress
- 1962 – Frank Rijkaard, Dutch football player and manager
- 1962 – Marley Marl, American rapper and record producer
- 1963 – David Barbe, American musician (Sugar)
- 1964 – Monica Bellucci, Italian actress
- 1964 – Trey Anastasio, American musician (Phish)
- 1964 – Robby Takac, American singer and bassist (Goo Goo Dolls)
- 1965 – Kathleen Madigan, American comedian
- 1965 – Omid Djalili, British stand-up comedian and actor
- 1966 – Kerry G. Johnson, African American graphic designer and caricaturist
- 1966 – Gary Armstrong, Scotland rugby player
- 1966 – Markus Burger, German pianist, composer and music educator
- 1967 – Andrea Roth, Candian actress
- 1969 – Chris Von Erich, American professional wrestler (d. 1991)
- 1969 – Mark Smith, English body builder
- 1970 – Tony Hale, American actor
- 1970 – Eric Piatkowski, American basketball player
- 1971 – Jenna Elfman, American actress
- 1972 – Ari Behn, Norwegian author
- 1972 – Shaan, Indian singer
- 1972 – John Campbell, American musician (Lamb of God)
- 1972 – Jamal Anderson, American football player
- 1972 – José Lima, American baseball player (d. 2010)
- 1974 – Jeremy Giambi, American baseball player
- 1974 – Daniel Wu, American-born Chinese film actor, director, and producer
- 1974 – Eli Cottonwood, American professional wrestler and former basketball player.
- 1975 – Marion Cotillard, French actress
- 1975 – Sammy Igoe, English footballer
- 1975 – Carlos Guillén, Venezuelan baseball player
- 1975 – Jay Asher, American novelist
- 1975 – Georges-Alain Jones, French singer
- 1977 – Maia Brewton, American actress
- 1977 – Roy Carroll, Northern Irish footballer
- 1977 – Sun Jihai, Chinese footballer
- 1978 – Candice Michelle, American female wrestler
- 1978 – Róbinson Zapata, Colombian footballer
- 1979 – Andy van der Meyde, Dutch footballer
- 1979 – Clio-Danae Othoneou, Greek actress, musician and pianist
- 1979 – Vince Chong, Malaysian singer-songwriter
- 1979 – Cameron Bruce, Australian rules footballer
- 1980 – Camilla D’Errico, Canadian comic book artist and painter
- 1980 – Martina Hingis, Swiss tennis player
- 1980 – Simon Little, English bassist
- 1981 – Cecelia Ahern, Irish author
- 1981 – Kristina Barrois, German tennis player
- 1981 – Dominique Moceanu, American gymnast
- 1981 – Brandon Watson, American baseball player
- 1982 – Seth Smith, American baseball player
- 1982 – Lacey Chabert, American actress
- 1982 – Kieran Culkin, American actor
- 1982 – Ola Jordan, Professional dancer
- 1982 – Tory Lane, American nude model and pornographic actress
- 1982 – Michelle Marsh, British model
- 1982 – Teal Redmann, American actress
- 1982 – Yan Stastny, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1982 – Ryan Stout, American comedian
- 1982 – Ryane Clowe Canadian ice hockey player
- 1983 – Andreea Răducan, Romanian gymnast
- 1983 – Adam Jones, American football player
- 1984 – Georgios Eleftheriou, Greek-Cypriot footballer
- 1984 – Keisha Buchanan, British singer and songwriter (Sugababes)
- 1985 – Adam Cooney, Australian rules footballer
- 1985 – T-Pain, American musician
- 1986 – Martin Guptill, New Zealand cricketer
- 1986 – Quinn Johnson, American football player
- 1986 – Cemil Mengi, Turkish footballer
- 1986 – Rene Ranger, New Zealand rugby player
- 1986 – Cristián Zapata, Colombian footballer
- 1987 – Denise Laurel, Filipino actress and singer
[edit] Deaths
- 420 – Saint Jerome, translator of the Vulgate Bible
- 653 – Saint Honorius, Archbishop of Canterbury
- 954 – King Louis IV of France (b. 920)
- 1101 – Anselm IV, Archbishop of Milan
- 1246 – Yaroslav II of Russia (b. 1191)
- 1440 – Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn, English soldier and politician
- 1487 – John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1400)
- 1551 – Ōuchi Yoshitaka, Japanese warlord (b. 1507)
- 1560 – Melchior Cano, Spanish theologian (b. 1525)
- 1572 – St. Francis Borgia, Jesuit priest (b. 1510)
- 1581 – Hubert Languet, French diplomat and reformer (b. 1518)
- 1626 – Nurhaci, Manchurian chief (b. 1559)
- 1628 – Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke, English poet (b. 1554)
- 1770 – Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham, English politician and diplomat
- 1770 – George Whitefield, English-born Methodist leader (b. 1714)
- 1772 – James Brindley, English engineer (b. 1716)
- 1865 – Samuel David Luzzatto, Italian-Jewish scholar (b. 1800)
- 1888 – Elizabeth Stride, widely believed to be the third victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1843)
- 1888 – Catherine Eddowes, widely believed to be the fourth victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1842)
- 1891 – Georges Boulanger, French general and politician (b. 1837)
- 1897 – Saint Thérèse of Lisieux, Roman Catholic saint and mystic (b. 1873)
- 1910 – Maurice Lévy, French engineer (b. 1838)
- 1913 – Rudolf Diesel, German inventor (b. 1858)
- 1941 – Alice de Janzé, American heiress (b. 1899)
- 1942 – Hans-Joachim Marseille, German fighter pilot (b. 1919)
- 1943 – Franz Oppenheimer, German sociologist (b. 1864)
- 1955 – James Dean, American actor (b. 1931)
- 1961 – Onésime Gagnon, French Canadian politician, lieutenant-governor of Quebec (b. 1888)
- 1973 – Peter Pitseolak, Inuit photographer and author (b. 1902)
- 1974 – Carlos Prats, Chilean Constitutionalist General, assassinated in the frame of Operation Condor (b. 1915)
- 1977 – Mary Ford, American singer (Les Paul and Mary Ford) (b. 1924)
- 1978 – Edgar Bergen, American actor and ventriloquist (b. 1903)
- 1985 – Simone Signoret, French actress (b. 1921)
- 1985 – Charles Richter, American seismologist (b. 1900)
- 1988 – Al Holbert, American race car driver and team owner (b. 1946)
- 1989 – Virgil Thomson, American composer (b. 1896)
- 1990 – Patrick White, Australian writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1912)
- 1990 – Alice Parizeau, Quebec writer and journalist (b. 1930)
- 1990 – Rob Moroso, American NASCAR driver (b. 1968)
- 1991 – Toma Zdravković, Serbian folk singer (b. 1938)
- 1994 – André Michel Lwoff, French microbiologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1902)
- 1995 – Jean-Luc Pépin, Canadian academic and politician (b. 1924)
- 1998 – Marius Goring, British Actor (b. 1912)
- 1998 – Dan Quisenberry, American baseball player (b. 1953)
- 2002 – Hans-Peter Tschudi, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1913)
- 2002 – Göran Kropp, Swedish adventurer and mountaineer (b. 1966)
- 2003 – Yusuf Bey, Black Muslim leader (b. 1935)
- 2003 – Robert Kardashian, Armenian-American lawyer (b. 1944)
- 2004 – Gamini Fonseka, Sri Lankan actor (b. 1936)
- 2004 – Michael Relph, British film producer and director (b. 1915)
- 2004 – Jacques Levy, Jewish American songwriter, theatre director, and clinical psychologist (b. 1935)
- 2008 – Joshua Benjamin Jeyaretnam, Singaporean politician, former Secretary-General of Workers' Party of Singapore (b. 1926)
- 2010 – Aaron-Carl Ragland, American electronic dance musician (b. 1973)
- 2011 – Anwar al-Awlaki, American-born terrorist and Islamist militant (b. 1971)
[edit] Holidays and observances
[edit] External links
