310s

Millennium:	1st millennium
Centuries:	3rd century – 4th century – 5th century
Decades:	280s 290s 300s – 310s – 320s 330s 340s
Years:	310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319
Categories:	Births – Deaths – Architecture Establishments – Disestablishments

310s: events by year

Contents: 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319

By place

Roman Empire

• Maximian, retired co-emperor, rebelled against Constantine the Great while campaigning against the Franks, he attempts to make himself emperor at Arles. Constantine marched his army up the Rhine and embarks his troops at Chalon-sur-Saône. Maximian flees to Marseille and is captured for his crimes. Constantine I encourages his suicide and Maximian, age 60, hangs himself.
• Constantine I constructs near the town of Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (Cologne) a stone bridge over the Rhine, which is guarded by the castellum Divitia (modern Deutz).
• Maximinus II and Constantine I are declared filii Augustorum ("Sons of the Augusti"), for the first time four emperors administered the Roman Empire.
• Constantine I begins to build the Basilica of Constantine in Augusta Treverorum (Trier).

By topic

Commerce

• Constantine I at Trier orders the minting of a new coin, the solidus, in an effort to offset the declining value of the denarius and bring stability to the imperial currency by restoring a gold standard. The solidus (later be known as the bezant) will be minted in the Byzantine Empire without change in weight or purity until the 10th century.

Religion

• Pope Eusebius exiled to Sicily died from a hunger strike.

By place

Roman Empire

• Constantine the Great crosses the Cottian Alps with an army (40,000 men) and auxiliaries. He defeats Maxentius in three battles at Turin, Brescia and Verona. Maxentius's most senior commander Ruricius Pompeianus is killed during the fightings.
• October 28 – Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine I defeats usurper Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge and becomes the only Roman Emperor in the West. During the battle, he reportedly has a vision of a cross (labarum) with the phrase "in hoc signo vinces" ("In this sign you shall conquer").
• October 29 – Constantine I enters Rome, he stages a grand adventus in the city, and is met with popular jubilation. Maxentius' body is fished out of the Tiber and decapitated.
• Constantine I forged co-emperor Licinius to a alliance, and offers him his halfsister Constantia in marriage. The Praetorian Guard and Imperial Horse Guard (equites singulares Augusti) are disbanded.
• Construction begins on the Arch of Constantine in Rome.
• c. 312–315 – Constantine I Addresses the People in the Roman Forum, sculptural relief on the Arch of Constantine, Rome, is made.

By topic

Religion

• Constantine I adopt the words "in hoc signo vinces" as a motto and have the letters X and P (the first letters of the Greek word Christ) emblazoned on the shields of his Roman legions.
• The Council of Carthage supports Donatism, which espouses a rigorous application and interpretation of the sacraments. These doctrines will be condemned by the Council of Arles.
• Constantine I promotes a policy of state sponsorship of Christianity, perhaps even becoming a Christian himself (see Constantine I and Christianity).

By place

Roman Empire

• February 3 – Edict of Milan: Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius met at a conference in Mediolanum (modern Milan). They proclaimed a policy of religious freedom for all, ending the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.
• Emperor Maximinus II crosses with an army (70.000 men) the Bosphorus, and lays siege to Heraclea (Turkey). He captures the city after eight days.
• April 30 – Battle of Tzirallum: Licinius defeats his rival Maximinus II and becomes Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire. Maximinus flees to Nicomedia and commits suicide.

Asia

• March 14 – Emperor Jin Huidi is executed by Liu Cong, ruler of the Xiongnu state (Han Zhao). At the imperial new year he and a number of former Jin officials are poisoned.
• Crown prince Jin Mindi, age 13, succeeds in Chang'an his uncle Jin Huidi and becomes the new emperor of the Jin Dynasty.
• Nintoku, the fourth son of Ōjin, becomes the 16th emperor of Japan.

By topic

Art

• Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine (Basilica Nova), Rome, is finished.

Religion

• Constantine I and Licinius accept Christianity, they agree on a policy of religious toleration. In their Edict they return property confiscated from Christians, and end 10 years of persecution.
• October 2 – Lateran Synod: Donatism is declared a heresy.
• Arius preaches of the human nature of Jesus.
• Islam - 313 warriors defended Islam in the first Islamic Battle of Badr, defeating over 900 combatants. Shiite Muslim's also regard this number as the amount of followers that will join Imam Mahdi (A.F.) and Jesus towards the end of time.

By place

Roman Empire

• October 8 – Battle of Cibalae: Constantine the Great defeats his rival Licinius near the town of Colonia Aurelia Cibalae (modern Vinkovci, Croatia). He is forced to flee to Sirmium, and loses all of the Balkans except for Thrace. Peace negotiations are initiated between the two Augusti, but they are unsuccessful.

By topic

Religion

• January 11 – Pope Miltiades' reign ends.
• January 31 – Pope Sylvester I succeeds Pope Miltiades as the 33rd pope.
• August 30 – Council of Arles: Confirms the pronouncement of Donatism as a schism, and passes other canons.
• Synod of Ancyra: Consulting a magician is declared a sin earning five years of penance.
• Alexander becomes Bishop of Byzantium.

By place

Roman Empire

• Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius battle the Sarmates, the Goths and the Carpians along the Danube. Constantine leads a punitive expedition into Dacia and reestablished the Roman fortifications of the frontier.
• July 25 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum at Rome to commemorate Constantine's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. As part of the ceremony Constantine is expected to make a sacrifice to Rome's traditional gods, but he refuses to do so.
• Constantine I dedicated the Basilica of Maxentius and installs a large statue of himself inside it.
• Crucifixion is abolished as punishment in the Roman Empire.
• A program of assistance to the poor is established in the Roman Empire.
• Immense baths are constructed in Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier).

By topic

Religion

• Eusebius becomes bishop of Caesarea (approximate date).
• The lamb becomes the symbol of Jesus in Christian art.

By place

Roman Empire

• Emperor Constantine the Great issues an edict prohibiting the punishment of slaves by crucifixion and facial branding.
• Constantine I sends his half-brother Julius Constantius to Licinius at Sirmium (Pannonia), with the proposal to accept Bassianus as Caesar and his power over Italy. Licinius refuses and forced a conspiracy against Constantine.
• Licinius elevates Valerius Valens to Augustus, and mobilished an army against Constantine. Bassianus is accused of conspiracy and executed.
• December – Battle of Mardia: Constantine I defeats his rival Licinius and senior officier Valerius Valens near the town of Harmanli (Bulgaria).

Asia

• The Xiongnu sack Chang'an, capital of the Chinese Western Jin Dynasty. Emperor Jin Mindi surrenders to Liu Yao.
• The Western Jin Dynasty ends and Ancient China is divided.

By topic

Religion

• At the request of the Roman Catholic Church, Constantine I attempts to end the schism with the Donatist church.

By place

Europe

• March 1 – Emperor Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius elevate their sons Crispus, Constantine II (being still an baby) and Licinius II to Caesars. After this arrangement Constantine rules the dioceses Pannonia and Macedonia, and established his residence at Sirmium, from where he prepares a campaign against the Goths and Sarmatians.
• Licinius recognise Constanstine I as senior emperor and executes Valerius Valens.

China

• Sixteen Kingdoms: Jin Yuandi flees with remnants of the Jin court and noble families to the south. He succeeds Jin Mindi as first emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and decides to make Jiankang (modern Nanjing) his new capital.
• The earliest historically verified reference to tea is recorded, although the Chinese have been drinking the beverage for centuries.

By place

Roman Empire

• Emperor Constantine the Great gives the ancient Roman town Drepana (Asia Minor) the name Helenopolis, after his mother Helena, and builds a church in honour of the martyr St. Lucian.

China

• The Chinese Empire loses its territories to the north of the Yangtze River, to the benefit of the Xiongnu and the Xianbei. The Former Zhao state is proclaimed; Liu Can and the state ruling family at Pingyang is executed by a coup d'état of Jin Zhun, who is in turn overthrown by Shi Le and Liu Yao.
• Liu Yao becomes the new emperor of Han Zhao and moves his capital to Chang'an.

By topic

Religion

• Gregory the Illuminator appoints his son Aristax as successor in the patriarchate of Armenia.

By place

Roman Empire

• Emperor Constantine the Great prohibits the separation of the families of slaves during a change in ownership.

India

• King Chandragupta I succeeds his father Ghatotkacha as ruler of the Gupta Empire.

Georgia

• Christianity is introduced in Colchis, present-day Georgia.

By topic

Religion

• Arius travels to Nicomedia at the invitation of bishop Eusebius, after having been accused of heresy and condemned by Alexander, the Patriarch of Alexandria. This gives rise to the Arian Controversy.

Significant people

• Constantine, Roman Emperor
• Licinius, Roman Emperor
• Maximinus, Roman Emperor