List of tallest buildings in the United States
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This list of tallest buildings in the United States ranks skyscrapers in the United States based on official height. The country developed the first skyscrapers and is still home to many of the world's tallest buildings. The world's first skyscraper was built in Chicago, the 10-story Home Insurance Building which was built in 1885 using a novel steel-loadbearing frame. Buildings were soon built much taller using this technique and, for over a century, a U.S. building reigned as the tallest in the world. (See History of tallest skyscrapers) As of 2009, 6 of the 25 tallest buildings in the world are in the U.S,; before 1990, the U.S. had had all of the top ten tallest buildings.
Currently, the Sears Tower is the tallest skyscraper in the United States, and the fourth-tallest freestanding structure in the world. Prior to the September 11, 2001 attacks in New York City, the twin towers of the World Trade Center occupied the second and third positions on the list below. The North Tower stood at 1,368 feet (417 m), while the South was 1,362 feet (415 m) tall. They are the only buildings which would have qualified for the list which are no longer standing. Chicago and New York have always been the centers of U.S. skyscraper building. Currently, of the top twenty-five buildings, eight are in Chicago and seven are in New York.
The 1,776 foot (541 m) 1 World Trade Center (previously known as the Freedom Tower), scheduled for construction on the former World Trade Center site, was intended to become the tallest building in the United States upon completion in 2010. The Chicago Spire (previously known as the Fordham Spire) a tower under construction in Chicago, Illinois is planned for completion in 2011. This tower would be taller than the under-construction 1 World Trade Center with a height of 2,000 feet (610 m) but it is now on hold, so it is uncertain which tower will be completed first. Other tall buildings that are either proposed or under construction include Trump Towers Charlotte, the American Commerce Center (1,510 feet (460 m)) in Philadelphia, the Trump International Hotel and Tower (1,362 feet (415 m)) in Chicago, the Bank of America Tower (1,200 feet (366 m)) in New York City, Trans National Place in Boston (1,175 feet (351.8m)), the Signature Tower in Nashville, Tennessee (1,057 feet (322 m)), and Waterview Tower (1,047 feet (319 m)) in Chicago. If all the proposed buildings are completed at the current projections, nine of the ten tallest buildings in the United States would be located in either New York City (5 - 1 World Trade Center, Madison Square Garden Towers I and II, 2 World Trade Center, and Hudson Place Tower) or Chicago (4 - Chicago Spire, Sears Tower, Trump International, and the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel and Residence Tower), with the lone exception being the American Commerce Center in Philadelphia, which would be number three on the list (behind the Chicago Spire and 1 World Trade Center).
Contents |
[edit] Tallest buildings
This lists ranks buildings in the United States that stand at least 700 feet (213 m) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. Only completed buildings and under construction buildings that have been topped out are included.
| Rank | Name | City | Height feet / m |
Floors | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sears Tower[A] | Chicago, IL | 1,451 / 442 | 108 | 1974 | 7th-tallest building in the world. Tallest building in the United States.[1][2] |
| 2 | Trump International Hotel and Tower | Chicago, IL | 1,362 / 415 | 96 | 2009 | 10th-tallest building in the world. Tallest concrete structure in North America |
| 3 | Empire State Building[A] | New York, NY | 1,250 / 381 | 102 | 1931 | 14th-tallest building in the world. First building in the world to contain over 100 floors.[4][5] |
| 4 | Bank of America Tower | New York, NY | 1,200 / 366 | 54 | 2008 | 17th-tallest building in the world, second tallest in New York City.[6][7] |
| 5 | Aon Center | Chicago, IL | 1,136 / 346 | 83 | 1973 | 21st-tallest building in the world.[8][9] |
| 6 | John Hancock Center | Chicago, IL | 1,127 / 344 | 100 | 1969 | 23rd-tallest building in the world. Tallest completed building in the world that contains both commercial and residential units.[10][11] |
| 7= | Chrysler Building[A] | New York, NY | 1,046 / 319 | 77 | 1930 | 32nd-tallest building in the world. First man-made structure in the world to rise higher than 1,000 ft (305 m). Stood as the tallest building in the world from 1930 until 1931, and also surpassed the Eiffel Tower to become the world's tallest structure. Tallest all-brick building in the world.[12][13] |
| 7= | New York Times Building | New York, NY | 1,046 / 319 | 52 | 2007 | 32nd-tallest building in the world.[14][15] |
| 8 | Bank of America Plaza | Atlanta, GA | 1,023 / 312 | 55 | 1992 | 35th-tallest building in the world.[16][17] |
| 9 | U.S. Bank Tower | Los Angeles, CA | 1,018 / 310 | 73 | 1990 | 36th-tallest building in the world. Tallest building in the West Coast of the United States.[18][19] |
| 10 | AT&T Corporate Center | Chicago, IL | 1,007 / 307 | 60 | 1989 | 40th-tallest building in the world.[20][21] |
| 11 | JPMorgan Chase Tower | Houston, TX | 1,002 / 305 | 75 | 1982 | 42nd-tallest building in the world. Tallest 5-sided building in the world.[22][23] |
| 12 | Two Prudential Plaza | Chicago, IL | 995 / 303 | 64 | 1990 | 44th-tallest building in the world.[24][25] |
| 13 | Wells Fargo Plaza | Houston, TX | 992 / 302 | 71 | 1983 | 45th-tallest building in the world.[26][27] |
| 14 | Comcast Center | Philadelphia, PA | 975 / 297 | 57 | 2007 | 49th-tallest building in the world.[28][29] |
| 15 | 311 South Wacker Drive | Chicago, IL | 961 / 293 | 65 | 1990 | 52nd-tallest building in the world.[30][31] |
| 16 | American International Building | New York, NY | 952 / 290 | 66 | 1932 | 54th-tallest building in the world.[32][33] |
| 17 | Key Tower | Cleveland, OH | 947 / 289 | 57 | 1991 | 55th-tallest building in the world. Stood as the tallest building in the United States between New York City and Chicago from its completion until 2007, when Comcast Center in Philadelphia surpassed it in height.[34][35] |
| 18 | One Liberty Place | Philadelphia, PA | 945 / 288 | 61 | 1987 | 56th-tallest building in the world.[36][37][38] |
| 19 | Columbia Center | Seattle, WA | 937 / 285 | 76 | 1985 | 58th-tallest building in the world. Tallest building on the West Coast when completed, now the 2nd-tallest. Has more floors than any other building west of the Mississippi River.[39][40] |
| 20 | 40 Wall Street[A] | New York, NY | 927 / 283 | 71 | 1930 | 63rd-tallest building in the world. Also known as the Trump Building.[41][42] |
| 21 | Bank of America Plaza | Dallas, TX | 921 / 281 | 72 | 1985 | 64th-tallest building in the world.[43][44] |
| 22 | Citigroup Center | New York, NY | 915 / 279 | 59 | 1977 | 68th-tallest building in the world.[45][46] |
| 23 | Williams Tower | Houston, TX | 901 / 275 | 64 | 1983 | 72nd-tallest building in the world. Upon completion, it stood as the tallest skyscraper in the world located outside of a city's central business district.[47][48] |
| 24 | Renaissance Tower | Dallas, TX | 886 / 270 | 56 | 1974 | 74th-tallest building in the world.[49][50] |
| 25= | 900 North Michigan | Chicago, IL | 871 / 265 | 66 | 1989 | 82nd-tallest building in the world.[51][52] |
| 25= | Bank of America Corporate Center | Charlotte, NC | 871 / 265 | 60 | 1992 | 82nd-tallest building in the world.[53][54] |
| 25= | SunTrust Plaza | Atlanta, GA | 871 / 265 | 60 | 1992 | 82nd-tallest building in the world.[55][56] |
| 26 | Trump World Tower | New York, NY | 861 / 262 | 72 | 2001 | 92nd-tallest building in the world. Tallest all-residential building in the United States.[57][58] |
| 27 | Water Tower Place | Chicago, IL | 859 / 262 | 74 | 1976 | 94th-tallest building in the world.[59][60] |
| 28 | Aon Center | Los Angeles, CA | 858 / 262 | 62 | 1974 | 96th-tallest building in the world. Tallest building on the West Coast of the United States from 1974 to 1985.[61][62] |
| 29 | Transamerica Pyramid | San Francisco, CA | 853 / 260 | 48 | 1972 | 101st-tallest building in the world. The tower was the tallest building on the West Coast of the United States from 1972 until 1974, and is now the 4th-tallest building.[63][64][65] |
| 30= | GE Building | New York, NY | 850 / 259 | 69 | 1933 | 108th-tallest building in the world.[66][67] |
| 30= | Chase Tower | Chicago, IL | 850 / 259 | 60 | 1969 | 108th-tallest building in the world.[68][69] |
| 31 | Two Liberty Place | Philadelphia, PA | 848 / 258 | 58 | 1990 | 112th-tallest building in the world.[70][71][72] |
| 32 | Park Tower | Chicago, IL | 844 / 257 | 67 | 2000 | 115th-tallest building in the world.[73][74] |
| 33 | U.S. Steel Tower | Pittsburgh, PA | 841 / 256 | 64 | 1970 | 117th-tallest building in the world.[75][76] |
| 34 | Chase Tower | Indianapolis, IN | 830 / 253 | 49 | 1990 | 125th-tallest building in the world.[77][78] |
| 35 | One Atlantic Center | Atlanta, GA | 820 / 250 | 50 | 1987 | 132nd-tallest building in the world. Also known as the IBM Tower.[79][80] |
| 36 | CitySpire Center | New York, NY | 814 / 248 | 75 | 1987 | 142nd-tallest building in the world.[81][82] |
| 37 | One Chase Manhattan Plaza | New York, NY | 813 / 248 | 60 | 1960 | 144th-tallest building in the world.[83][84] |
| 38 | Conde Nast Building | New York, NY | 809 / 247 | 48 | 1999 | 148th-tallest building in the world. Also known as Four Times Square.[85][86] |
| 39 | MetLife Building | New York, NY | 808 / 246 | 60 | 1963 | 149th-tallest building in the world.[87][88] |
| 40 | Bloomberg Tower | New York, NY | 806 / 256 | 54 | 2005 | 150th-tallest building in the world.[89][90] |
| 41 | Four Seasons Hotel & Tower | Miami, FL | 794 / 242 | 70 | 2003 | 175th-tallest building in the world.[91][92][93] |
| 42= | Woolworth Building[A] | New York, NY | 792 / 241 | 57 | 1913 | 168th-tallest building in the world.[94][95] Tallest building in the world from 1913 - 1930. |
| 42= | IDS Center | Minneapolis, MN | 792 / 241 | 57 | 1973 | 168th-tallest building in the world. Also known as IDS Center (originally spelled "Centre").[96][97] |
| 42= | Mellon Bank Center | Philadelphia, PA | 792 / 241 | 54 | 1990 | 168th-tallest building in the world. Also known as Nine Penn Center.[98][99][100] |
| 43 | Hancock Place | Boston, MA | 790 / 241 | 60 | 1976 | 173rd-tallest building in the world.[101][102][103] |
| 44 | Comerica Bank Tower | Dallas, TX | 787 / 240 | 60 | 1987 | 177th-tallest building in the world. Also known as Chase Center.[104][105] |
| 45 | Goldman Sachs Tower | Jersey City, NJ | 781 / 238 | 42 | 2003 | 189th-tallest building in the world.[106][107] |
| 46 | Bank of America Center | Houston, TX | 780 / 238 | 56 | 1983 | 195th-tallest building in the world.[108][109] |
| 47 | 555 California Street | San Francisco, CA | 779 / 237 | 52 | 1969 | 196th-tallest building in the world. Tallest building on the West Coast from 1969 to 1972. Renamed from Bank of America Center in 2005. Tallest building constructed in the city in the 1960s.[110][111][112] |
| 48 | One Worldwide Plaza | New York, NY | 778 / 237 | 50 | 1989 | 197th-tallest building in the world.[113][114] |
| 49 | 225 South Sixth | Minneapolis, MN | 776 / 237 | 53 | 1992 | 198th-tallest building in the world. Formerly known as First Bank Tower and US Bancorp Tower.[115][116] |
| 50 | Wells Fargo Center | Minneapolis, MN | 773 / 236 | 57 | 1988 | 199th-tallest building in the world.[117][118] |
| 51 | Washington Mutual Tower | Seattle, WA | 771 / 235 | 55 | 1988 | [119][120] |
| 52 | 191 Peachtree Tower | Atlanta, GA | 770 / 235 | 50 | 1991 | [121][122] |
| 53 | Three First National Plaza | Chicago, IL | 767 / 234 | 57 | 1981 | [123][124] |
| 54 | Wachovia Financial Center | Miami, FL | 764 / 233 | 55 | 1984 | Also known as Southeast Bank Center and First Union Financial Center.[125][126][127] |
| 55 | Heritage Plaza | Houston, TX | 762 / 232 | 53 | 1987 | [128][129] |
| 56 | Carnegie Hall Tower | New York, NY | 757 / 231 | 60 | 1991 | [130][131] |
| 57 | Enterprise Plaza | Houston, TX | 756 / 230 | 55 | 1980 | [132][133] |
| 58 | Chicago Title and Trust Center | Chicago, IL | 756 / 230 | 50 | 1992 | [134][135] |
| 59 | 383 Madison Avenue | New York, NY | 755 / 230 | 47 | 2001 | [136][137] |
| 60 | AXA Center | New York, NY | 752 / 229 | 54 | 1986 | [138][139] |
| 61= | Time Warner Center Tower South Tower | New York, NY | 750 / 229 | 55 | 2004 | [140][141] |
| 61= | Time Warner Center Tower North Tower | New York, NY | 750 / 229 | 55 | 2004 | [141][142] |
| 61= | Two California Plaza | Los Angeles, CA | 750 / 229 | 52 | 1992 | [143][144] |
| 61= | 1251 Avenue of the Americas | New York, NY | 750 / 229 | 54 | 1971 | [145][146] |
| 61= | One Penn Plaza | New York City | 750 / 229 | 57 | 1972 | [147][148] |
| 62= | Prudential Tower | Boston, MA | 749 / 228 | 52 | 1964 | [149][150][151] |
| 62= | Gas Company Tower | Los Angeles, CA | 749 / 228 | 52 | 1991 | [152][153] |
| 62= | RSA Battle House Tower | Mobile, AL | 745 / 227 | 35 | 2007 | [154][155] |
| 63= | 60 Wall Street | New York, NY | 745 / 227 | 56 | 1989 | Also known as the Deutsche Bank Headquarters.[156][157] |
| 63= | One Astor Plaza | New York, NY | 745 / 227 | 54 | 1972 | [158][159] |
| 64 | One Liberty Plaza | New York, NY | 743 / 227 | 54 | 1974 | [160][161] |
| 65= | Centerpoint Energy Plaza | Houston, TX | 741 / 226 | 53 | 1974 | [162][163] |
| 65= | 20 Exchange Place | New York, NY | 741 / 226 | 57 | 1931 | [164][165] |
| 65= | 7 World Trade Center | New York, NY | 741 / 226 | 49 | 2006 | [166][167] |
| 66 | Two Union Square | Seattle, WA | 740 / 226 | 56 | 1989 | [168][169] |
| 67= | Bell Atlantic Tower | Philadelphia, PA | 739 / 225 | 55 | 1991 | Also known as Verizon Tower.[170][171][172] |
| 67= | Three World Financial Center | New York, NY | 739 / 225 | 51 | 1986 | [173][174] |
| 68 | JPMorgan Chase Tower | Dallas, TX | 738 / 225 | 55 | 1987 | [175][176] |
| 69 | Bank of America Plaza | Los Angeles, CA | 735 / 224 | 55 | 1975 | [177][178] |
| 70 | One Museum Park* | Chicago, IL | 734 / 224 | 62 | 2008 | Under construction; this building was topped out in early 2008. Tallest all-residential building in Chicago, second-tallest all-residential building in the U.S. after the Trump World Tower in New York City.[179][180] |
| 71 | Bertelsmann Building | New York, NY | 733 / 223 | 45 | 1990 | [181][182] |
| 72 | Continental Center I | Houston, TX | 732 / 223 | 53 | 1984 | [183][184] |
| 73 | Detroit Marriott at the Renaissance Center | Detroit, MI | 727 / 222 | 70 | 1977 | Tallest all-hotel building in the world upon completion; now stands as the tallest hotel in the Western Hemisphere.[185][186] |
| 74= | 777 Tower | Los Angeles, CA | 725 / 221 | 53 | 1991 | [187][188] |
| 74= | Olympia Centre | Chicago, IL | 725 / 221 | 63 | 1986 | [189][190] |
| 74= | One Mellon Center | Pittsburgh, PA | 725 / 221 | 54 | 1983 | [191][191][192] |
| 74= | Fullbright Tower | Houston, TX | 725 / 221 | 52 | 1982 | [193][194] |
| 75 | Times Square Tower | New York, NY | 724 / 221 | 49 | 2004 | [195][196] |
| 76= | Wells Fargo Tower | Los Angeles, CA | 723 / 220 | 54 | 1982 | [197][198] |
| 76= | Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel | Atlanta, GA | 723 / 220 | 70 | 1973 | [199][200] |
| 77 | Seattle Municipal Tower | Seattle, WA | 722 / 220 | 62 | 1990 | [201][202] |
| 78 | Fountain Place | Dallas, TX | 720 / 220 | 63 | 1986 | [203][204] |
| 79 | Figueroa at Wilshire | Los Angeles, CA | 717 / 219 | 53 | 1990 | [205][206] |
| 80 | Metropolitan Tower | New York, NY | 716 / 218 | 68 | 1987 | [207][208] |
| 81= | Republic Plaza | Denver, CO | 714 / 218 | 56 | 1984 | [209][210] |
| 81= | One Shell Plaza | Houston, TX | 714 / 218 | 50 | 1971 | [211][212] |
| 82= | 1801 California Street | Denver, CO | 709 / 216 | 53 | 1982 | Also known as the Qwest Tower.[213][214] |
| 82= | 500 Fifth Avenue | New York, NY | 709 / 216 | 60 | 1931 | [215][216] |
| 83 | Terminal Tower | Cleveland, OH | 708 / 216 | 52 | 1930 | Stood as the tallest building in the world outside of New York City until 1967.[217][218] |
| 84 | JPMorgan Chase World Headquarters | New York, NY | 707 / 216 | 52 | 1960 | [219][220] |
| 85 | General Motors Building | New York, NY | 705 / 215 | 50 | 1968 | [221][222] |
| 86= | Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower[A] | New York, NY | 700 / 213 | 50 | 1909 | [223][224] |
| 86= | Marquis Miami | Miami, FL | 700 / 213 | 67 | 2008 | [225] |
* Indicates building is still under construction, but has been topped out.
[edit] Tallest buildings by pinnacle height
This ranking is based on the building's height to its pinnacle, which includes antenna masts. Many skyscraper aficionados prefer this measurement to determine a building's height, as "architectural feature" can be regarded as a subjective aspect.
| Rank | Name | City | Height feet / m |
Floors | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sears Tower | Chicago, IL | 1,730 / 527 | 110 | 1974 | [1][2] |
| 2 | John Hancock Center | Chicago, IL | 1,500 / 457 | 100 | 1969 | [4][5] |
| 3 | Empire State Building | New York City, NY | 1,472 / 449 | 102 | 1931 | [10][11] |
| 4 | Bank of America Tower | New York, NY | 1,200 / 366 | 54 | 2008 | [6][7] |
| 5 | Aon Center | Chicago, IL | 1,136 / 346 | 83 | 1973 | [8][9] |
| 6 | Conde Nast Building | New York, NY | 1,118 / 341 | 48 | 1999 | [85][86] |
| 7= | Chrysler Building | New York, NY | 1,046 / 319 | 77 | 1930 | [12][13] |
| 7= | New York Times Building | New York, NY | 1,046 / 319 | 52 | 2007 | [14][15] |
| 9 | Bank of America Plaza | Atlanta, GA | 1,023 / 312 | 55 | 1992 | [16][17] |
| 10 | U.S. Bank Tower | Los Angeles, CA | 1,018 / 310 | 73 | 1989 | [18][19] |
| 11 | AT&T Corporate Center | Chicago, IL | 1,007 / 307 | 60 | 1989 | [20][21] |
| 12 | JPMorgan Chase Tower | Houston, TX | 1,002 / 305 | 75 | 1982 | [22][23] |
| 13 | One Shell Plaza | Houston, TX | 1,000 / 305 | 50 | 1971 | [211][212] |
| 14 | Two Prudential Plaza | Chicago, IL | 995 / 303 | 64 | 1990 | [24][25] |
| 15 | Wells Fargo Bank Plaza | Houston, TX | 992 / 302 | 71 | 1983 | [26][27] |
| 16 | Comcast Center | Philadelphia, PA | 975 / 297 | 57 | 2008 | [28][29] |
| 17 | Columbia Center | Seattle, WA | 967 / 295 | 76 | 1985 | [39][40] |
| 18 | 311 South Wacker Drive | Chicago, IL | 961 / 293 | 65 | 1990 | [30][31] |
| 19 | American International Building | New York, NY | 952 / 290 | 66 | 1932 | [32][33] |
| 20 | Key Tower | Cleveland, OH | 947 / 289 | 57 | 1991 | [34][35] |
| 21 | One Liberty Place | Philadelphia, PA | 945 / 288 | 61 | 1987 | [36][37][38] |
| 22 | Bloomberg Tower | New York, NY | 941 / 287 | 54 | 2005 | [89][90] |
| 23 | 40 Wall Street | New York, NY | 927 / 283 | 71 | 1930 | [41][42] |
| 24 | Bank of America Plaza | Dallas, TX | 921 / 281 | 72 | 1985 | [43][44] |
| 25 | Citigroup Center | New York, NY | 915 / 279 | 59 | 1977 | [45][46] |
| 26 | One Prudential Plaza | Chicago, IL | 912 / 278 | 41 | 1955 | [226][227] |
| 27 | Prudential Tower | Boston, MA | 907 / 276 | 52 | 1964 | [149][150][151] |
| 28 | SunTrust Plaza | Atlanta, GA | 902 / 275 | 60 | 1992 | [55][56] |
| 29 | Williams Tower | Houston, TX | 901 / 275 | 64 | 1983 | [47][48] |
| 30= | Renaissance Tower | Dallas, TX | 886 / 270 | 56 | 1974 | [49][50] |
| 30= | IDS Center | Minneapolis, MN | 886 / 270 | 55 | 1973 | [96][97] |
| 32 | Westin Peachtree Plaza | Atlanta, GA | 883 / 269 | 70 | 1973 | [199][200] |
| 33= | 900 North Michigan | Chicago, IL | 871 / 265 | 66 | 1989 | [51][52] |
| 33= | Bank of America Corporate Center | Charlotte, NC | 871 / 265 | 60 | 1992 | [53][54] |
| 35 | Trump World Tower | New York, NY | 860 / 262 | 72 | 2001 | [57][58] |
| 36 | Water Tower Place | Chicago, IL | 859 / 262 | 74 | 1976 | [59][60] |
| 37 | Aon Center | Los Angeles, CA | 858 / 262 | 62 | 1974 | [61][62] |
| 38 | Transamerica Pyramid | San Francisco, CA | 853 / 260 | 48 | 1972 | [63][64][65] |
| 39= | Chase Tower | Chicago, IL | 850 / 259 | 60 | 1969 | [68][69] |
| 39= | GE Building | New York, NY | 850 / 259 | 69 | 1933 | [66][67] |
| 41 | Two Liberty Place | Philadelphia, PA | 848 / 258 | 58 | 1990 | [70][71][72] |
| 42 | Park Tower | Chicago, IL | 844 / 257 | 67 | 2000 | [73][74] |
| 43 | U.S. Steel Tower | Pittsburgh, PA | 841 / 256 | 64 | 1970 | [75][76] |
| 44 | Chase Tower | Indianapolis, IN | 830 / 253 | 49 | 1990 | [77][78] |
| 45 | One Atlantic Center | Atlanta, GA | 820 / 250 | 50 | 1987 | [79][80] |
| 46 | Cityspire | New York, NY | 814 / 248 | 75 | 1989 | [81][82] |
| 47 | One Chase Manhattan Plaza | New York, NY | 813 / 248 | 60 | 1960 | [83][84] |
| 48 | MetLife Building | New York, NY | 808 / 246 | 60 | 1963 | [87][88] |
| 49 | Two Union Square | Seattle, WA | 797 / 243 | 56 | 1989 | [168][169] |
| 50= | Four Seasons Hotel & Tower | Miami, FL | 794 / 242 | 82 | 2003 | [91][92][93] |
| 50= | Mellon Bank Center | Philadelphia, PA | 794 / 242 | 53 | 1990 | [98][99][100] |
* Indicates building is still under construction, but has been topped out.
[edit] Tallest under construction, approved and proposed
| This article contains information about expected future buildings or structures. Some or all of this information may be speculative, and the content may change as building construction begins. |
[edit] Under construction
This lists buildings that are under construction in the United States and are planned to rise at least 700 feet (213 m). Buildings that have already been topped out are included.
| Name | City | Height feet / m |
Floors | Year (est.) |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chicago Spire | Chicago, IL | 2,000 / 610 | 150 | 2012 | Construction of this building has been suspended. Upon completion, will stand as the tallest building in the United States in both habitable floors and architectural height. It will also stand as the tallest all-residential building in the world and tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere.[228][229] |
| 1 World Trade Center | New York, NY | 1,776 / 541 | 108 | 2013 | Formerly referred to as the Freedom Tower.[230][231] |
| 200 Greenwich Street | New York, NY | 1,350 / 411 | 79 | 2012-2014 | Also known as World Trade Center Tower Two.[232][233] |
| 175 Greenwich Street | New York, NY | 1,255 / 383 | 71 | 2012-2014 | Also known as World Trade Center Tower Three.[234][235] |
| Waterview Tower | Chicago, IL | 1,047 / 319 | 89 | 2009 | Construction suspended.[236][237] |
| 150 Greenwich Street | New York, NY | 975 / 297 | 64 | 2012-2013 | Also known as World Trade Center Tower Four.[238][239] |
| Met 3 | Miami, FL | 928 / 310 | 75 | 2012 | Construction of this building has been suspended. Construction will commence as soon as Met 2, also in Miami is complete. Would stand as the tallest residential building in Miami, Florida, and south of New York City.[240][241] |
| 99 Church Street | New York, NY | 912 / 297 | 80 | 2012-2015 | Also known as 30 Park Place. The building will house The Four Seasons Hotel and residences. This will be the second tallest residential building in the United States, after the Chicago spire (if completed) |
| Brickell Financial Centre Phase II | Miami, FL | 903 / 275 | 68 | 2014 | Construction as been pushed back a year or so due to financial reasons. Construction is more than likely to commence in 2012.[242][243] |
| Beekman Place Tower | New York, NY | 876 / 267 | 75 | 2009 | [244][245] |
| Aqua | Chicago, IL | 823 / 251 | 82 | 2009 | [246][247] |
| Legacy Tower | Chicago, IL | 819 / 250 | 73 | 2009 | [248][249] |
| The Capital at Brickell Tower II | Miami, FL | 806 / 246 | 56 | 2009 | Also known as The Capital at Brickell South Tower.[250] |
| 56 Leonard Street | New York, NY | 796 / 243 | 58 | 2010 | [251] |
| 300 North LaSalle | Chicago, IL | 784 / 239 | 60 | 2009 | [252][253] |
| Duke Energy Center | Charlotte, NC | 764 / 233 | 46 | 2009-2010 | [254][255] |
| Goldman Sachs New World Headquarters | New York, NY | 749 / 228 | 43 | 2009 | [256][257] |
| Blue Cross Blue Shield Tower | Chicago, IL | 743 / 226 | 54 | 2010 | [258][259] |
| Infinity II | Miami, FL | 736 / 224 | 65 | 2009 | [260] |
| One Museum Park | Chicago, IL | 734 / 224 | 62 | 2008 | [261][262] |
| Fontainebleau Las Vegas | Las Vegas, NV | 725 / 221 | 63 | 2009 | [263] |
| Club Renaissance | Las Vegas, NV | 705 / 215 | 60 | 2009 | Construction of this building has been suspended.[264][265] |
| Louisville Museum Plaza | Louisville, KY | 703 / 214 | 62 | 2010 | [266][267] |
[edit] Approved
This lists buildings that are approved for construction in the United States and are planned to rise at least 700 feet (213 m).
[edit] Proposed
This lists buildings that are proposed for construction in the United States and are planned to rise at least 700 feet (213 m).
| Name | City | Height feet / m |
Floors* | Year* (est.) |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Madison Square Garden Project Tower I | New York, NY | 1,400+ / 427 | 112 | [302] stale proposal | |
| Madison Square Garden Project Tower II | New York, NY | 1,400+ / 427 | 112 | [302] stale proposal | |
| Hudson Place Tower I | New York, NY | 1,300 / 396 | 110 | 2015 | [303] |
| Waldorf-Astoria Hotel and Residence Tower | Chicago, IL | 1,265 / 386 | 107 | 2012 | [304][305] |
| Tower Verre | New York, NY | 1,250 / 381 | 75 | Also known as MoMa Expansion Tower and 53 West 53rd Street.[306][307] | |
| Manhattan West Tower I | New York, NY | 1,216 / 371 | 66 | 2013 | [308] |
| Transbay Transit Center & Tower | San Francisco, CA | 1,200 / 366 | 80 | 2013 | [309][310][311][312] |
| Renzo Piano Tower I | San Francisco, CA | 1,200 / 366 | 101 | Also known as 50 First Street.[311][313][314] | |
| Renzo Piano Tower II | San Francisco, CA | 1,200 / 366 | 101 | Also known as 50 First Street.[311][313][315] | |
| Trans National Place | Boston, MA | 1,175 / 358 | 75 | 2011 | [316][317][318] |
| Hudson Place Tower II | New York, NY | 1,080 / 329 | 2015 | [303] | |
| 375 East Wacker Drive | Chicago, IL | 1,030 / 314 | 76 | 2010 | [319] |
| Empire World Tower I | Miami, FL | 1,022 / 312 | 93 | 2010 | [320][321] |
| Empire World Tower II | Miami, FL | 1,022 / 312 | 93 | 2010 | [321][322] |
| World Product Center | New York, NY | 1,011 / 308 | 60 | 2013 | [323] |
| Capitol Grand Tower | Sacramento, CA | 965 / 294 | 70 | 2009 | [324] |
| Manhattan West Tower II | New York, NY | 935 / 285 | 60 | 2013 | [325] |
| 99 Church Street | New York, NY | 912 / 278 | 68 | 2011 | [326] |
| 181 Fremont Street | San Francisco, CA | 900 / 274 | 66 | 2012 | [327][328] |
| Renzo Piano Tower III | San Francisco, CA | 900 / 274 | [313] | ||
| Renzo Piano Tower IV | San Francisco, CA | 900 / 274 | [313] | ||
| Grant Park Tower IV | Chicago, IL | 900 / 274 | 83 | [329] | |
| 29 South LaSalle | Chicago, IL | 870 / 265 | 51 | 2009 | [330][331] |
| Park Michigan | Chicago, IL | 866 / 264 | 80 | 2009 | [332][333] |
| 708 First Avenue Tower I | New York, NY | 864 / 263 | 57 | 2008 | [334] |
| Transbay Project III | San Francisco, CA | 853 / 260 | Also referred to as the TJPA Site.[335] | ||
| InterContinental Chicago (North Tower) | Chicago, IL | 850 / 259 | 71 | 2009 | [336][337] |
| 685 First Avenue | New York, NY | 836 / 255 | 67 | 2008 | [338][339] |
| T. Stacy and Associates Condo Tower | Austin, TX | 830 / 253 | 70 | [340] | |
| South Bay Tower | Boston, MA | 800 / 244 | 67 | 2010 | [341][342][343] |
| 616 First Avenue | New York, NY | 800 / 244 | 79 | 2009 | [citation needed] |
| Grant Park Tower III | Chicago, IL | 790 / 241 | 73 | [344][345] | |
| 560 North Fairbanks | Chicago, IL | 787 / 240 | 58 | 2010 | [346][347] |
| Renzi Las Vegas Tower I | Las Vegas, NV | 776 / 237 | 63 | 2009 | [348] |
| Renzi Las Vegas Tower II | Las Vegas, NV | 776 / 237 | 63 | 2009 | [348] |
| 1490 Biscayne Boulevard | Miami, FL | 744 / 227 | 73 | 2010 | [349][350] |
| 130 Liberty Street (WTC 5) | New York, NY | 743 / 226 | 57 | 2013 | |
| Encinal Tower | Oakland, California | 715 / 218 | 56 | [351] | |
| Columbus Centre | Miami, FL | 710 / 216 | 56 | 2010 | [352] |
| 50 West Street | New York, NY | 700 / 213 | 69 | [353] | |
| 200 North Riverside Plaza | Chicago, IL | 700 / 213 | 50 | 2009 | [354] |
| Grand Central Hotel | Las Vegas, NV | 700 / 213 | 61 | [355][356] |
* Table entries without text indicate that information regarding building heights, floor counts, and/or dates of completion has not yet been released.
[edit] Tallest destroyed
This lists the tallest buildings in the United States taller than 400 feet (122 m) that were destroyed or are undergoing demolition.
| Name | City | Height feet / m |
Floors | Year Completed |
Year Destroyed |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| One World Trade Center[A] | New York, NY | 1,368 / 417 | 110 | 1972 | 2001 | Destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks. Stood as the tallest building in the world from 1972 until 1973.[357][358] |
| Two World Trade Center | New York, NY | 1,362 / 415 | 110 | 1973 | 2001 | Destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks.[359][360] |
| Singer Building | New York, NY | 612 / 187 | 47 | 1908 | 1968 | Demolished to make room for One Liberty Plaza. Stood as the tallest building in the world from 1908 until 1909.[361][362] |
| 7 World Trade Center (old) | New York, NY | 570 / 174 | 47 | 1987 | 2001 | Destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks.[363][364] |
| Deutsche Bank Building | New York, NY | 565 / 172 | 40 | 1974 | 2009 | Currently being deconstructed due to damage sustained in the September 11, 2001 attacks.[365][366] |
| Morrison Hotel | Chicago, IL | 526 / 160 | 45 | 1926 | 1965 | Demolished to make room for the Chase Tower.[367][368] |
| One Meridian Plaza | Philadelphia, PA | 492 / 150 | 38 | 1972 | 1999 | Deconstructed due to damage from a 1991 fire.[369][370] |
| City Investing Building | New York, NY | 487 / 148 | 33 | 1908 | 1968 | Demolished with the Singer Building to make room for One Liberty Plaza.[371][372] |
| J.L. Hudson Company Department Store | Detroit, MI | 410 / 125 | 29 | 1911 | 1998 | Also known as the Greater Hudson Store. Tallest building ever imploded.[373][374] |
[edit] Timeline of tallest buildings
This lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in the United States. Note that every building on this list from Philadelphia City Hall to the Sears Tower was also the tallest building in the world when completed.
| Name | City | Years as tallest | Height feet / m |
Floors | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christ Church | Philadelphia, PA | 1754–? | 196 / 60 | 1 | [375] |
| Sugar House[B] | New York, NY | 1840–1846 | N/A[C] | 14 | [376] |
| Trinity Church | New York, NY | 1846–1869 | 279 / 85 | 1 | [377] |
| Saint Michael's Church | Chicago, IL | 1869–1885 | 290 / 88 | 1 | [378] |
| Chicago Board of Trade Building[D] | Chicago, IL | 1885–1890 | 322 / 98 | 10 | [379] |
| New York World Building[E] | New York, NY | 1890–1895 | 348 / 106 | 20[F] | [380] |
| Manhattan Life Insurance Building[G] | New York, NY | 1894–1895 | 348 / 106 | 18 | [381] |
| Milwaukee City Hall | Milwaukee, WI | 1895–1899 | 353 / 108 | 15 | [382] |
| Park Row Building | New York, NY | 1899–1901 | 391 / 119 | 30 | [383] |
| Philadelphia City Hall | Philadelphia, PA | 1901–1908 | 548 / 167 | 7 | [384] |
| Singer Building[H] | New York, NY | 1908–1909 | 612 / 187 | 47 | [362] |
| Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower | New York, NY | 1909–1913 | 700 / 213 | 50 | [224] |
| Woolworth Building | New York, NY | 1913–1930 | 792 / 241 | 57 | [95] |
| Bank of Manhattan Trust Building[I] | New York, NY | 1930 | 927 / 283 | 70 | [42] |
| Chrysler Building | New York, NY | 1930–1931 | 1,046 / 319 | 77 | [13] |
| Empire State Building | New York, NY | 1931–1972 | 1,250 / 381 | 102 | [5] |
| One World Trade Center[J] | New York, NY | 1972–1974 | 1,368 / 417 | 110 | [358] |
| Sears Tower | Chicago, IL | 1974– present | 1,451 / 442 | 108 | [2] |
[edit] Notes
- A. ^ a b c d e f g Was the world's tallest building when completed.
- B. ^ This building has been demolished.
- C. ^ Official height figures have never been released by this building's developer.
- D. ^ This building was demolished in 1929.
- E. ^ This building was demolished in 1955.
- F. ^ The floor count of this building has been disputed. Upon construction, the building was said to contain up to 26 floors, but in recent years the building has been said to contain as few as 16 floors.[385]
- G. ^ This building was demolished in 1930.
- H. ^ This building was demolished in 1968.
- I. ^ This building was constructed as the Bank of Manhattan Trust Building, but is now more commonly known as 40 Wall Street and officially known as the Trump Building.
- J. ^ This building was destroyed in 2001.
[edit] References
- General
- Becker, Lynn. "The World's Tallest Buildings - America's latest Outsourcing". Repeat (An archive of writings on architecture in Chicago and the world.). http://www.lynnbecker.com/repeat/ctbuh/ctbuh.htm. Retrieved on 2007-04-12.
- Specific
- ^ a b "Sears Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=searstower-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2008-08-11.
- ^ a b c "Sears Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=5. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ http://www.ctbuh.org/Portals/0/Tallest/CTBUH_TallestConcNorthAmerica.pdf
- ^ a b "Empire State Building". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=empirestatebuilding-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2008-08-11.
- ^ a b c "Empire State Building". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=23. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ a b "Bank of America Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=bankofamericatower-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b "Bank of America Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=3197. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b "Aon Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=aoncenter-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "Aon Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=31. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "John Hancock Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=johnhancockcenter-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "John Hancock Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=17. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "Chrysler Building". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=chryslerbuilding-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b c "Chrysler Building". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=83. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ a b "New York Times Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=newyorktimestower-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b "New York Times Headquarters". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=916. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ a b "Bank of America Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=bankofamericaplaza-atlanta-ga-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ a b "Bank of America Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=57. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ a b "US Bank Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=usbanktower-losangeles-ca-usa. Retrieved on 2008-04-20.
- ^ a b "US Bank Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=51. Retrieved on 2008-04-20.
- ^ a b "AT&T Corporate Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=attcorporatecenter-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "AT&T Corporate Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=37. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "JPMorgan Chase Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=jpmorganchasetower-houston-tx-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
- ^ a b "JPMorgan Chase Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=53. Retrieved on 2007-11-01.
- ^ a b "Two Prudential Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=2prudentialplaza-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "Two Prudential Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=32. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "Wells Fargo Bank Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=wellsfargoplaza-houston-tx-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-01.
- ^ a b "Wells Fargo Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=129. Retrieved on 2007-09-24.
- ^ a b "Comcast Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=comcastcenter-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
- ^ a b "Comcast Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=4894. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ a b "311 South Wacker". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=311southwackerdrive-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "311 South Wacker Drive". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=33. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "American International". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=americaninternational-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b "American International Building". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=131. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ a b "Key Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=keytower-cleveland-oh-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-22.
- ^ a b "Key Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=132. Retrieved on 2007-12-22.
- ^ a b "One Liberty Place". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1libertyplace-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ a b "One Liberty Place". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=133. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
- ^ a b "One Liberty Place". Structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0010031. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
- ^ a b "Columbia Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=columbiacenter-seattle-wa-usa. Retrieved on 2007-10-27.
- ^ a b "Columbia Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=52. Retrieved on 2007-10-28.
- ^ a b "The Trump Building". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=streettrumpbuilding-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b c "Trump Building". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=5902. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ a b "Bank of America Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=bankofamericaplaza-dallas-tx-usa. Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
- ^ a b "Bank of America Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=135. Retrieved on 2007-10-01.
- ^ a b "Citigroup Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=citigroupcenter-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b "Citigroup Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=1613. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ a b "Williams Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=williamstower-houston-tx-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
- ^ a b "Williams Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=167. Retrieved on 2007-11-01.
- ^ a b "Renaissance Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=renaissancetower-dallas-tx-usa. Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
- ^ a b "Renaissance Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=204. Retrieved on 2007-10-01.
- ^ a b "900 North Michigan". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=900northmichigan-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "900 North Michigan". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=161. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "Bank of America Corporate Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=bankofamericacorporatecenter-charlotte-nc-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-27.
- ^ a b "Bank of America Corporate Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=72. Retrieved on 2007-12-31.
- ^ a b "SunTrust Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=suntrustplaza-atlanta-ga-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ a b "SunTrust Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=166. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ a b "Trump World Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=trumpworldtower-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b "Trump World Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=2197. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ a b "Water Tower Place". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=watertowerplace-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "Water Tower Place". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=43. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "Aon Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=aoncenter-losangeles-ca-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
- ^ a b "Aon Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=1291. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
- ^ a b "Transamerica Pyramid". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=transamericapyramid-sanfrancisco-ca-usa. Retrieved on 2007-08-17.
- ^ a b "Transamerica Pyramid". SkyscraperPage. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=1601. Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
- ^ a b "Transamerica Pyramid". Structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0000081. Retrieved on 2007-09-23.
- ^ a b "GE Building". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=gebuilding-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b "GE Building". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=203. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ a b "Chase Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=chasetower-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "Chase Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=44. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "Two Liberty Place". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=2libertyplace-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
- ^ a b "Two Liberty Place". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=206. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
- ^ a b "Two Liberty Place". Structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0010034. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
- ^ a b "Park Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=parktower-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "Park Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=45. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "U.S. Steel Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=usouthsteeltower-pittsburgh-pa-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ a b "US Steel Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=207. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ a b "Chase Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=chasetower-indianapolis-in-usa. Retrieved on 2008-04-11.
- ^ a b "Chase Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=325. Retrieved on 2008-04-11.
- ^ a b "One Atlantic Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1atlanticcenter-atlanta-ga-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ a b "One Atlantic Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=1875. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ a b "CitySpire Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=cityspirecenter-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b "CitySpire Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/graphics/dotclear.gif. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ a b "One Chase Manhattan Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1chasemanhattanplaza-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b "One Chase Manhattan Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=236. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ a b "Condé Nast Building". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=condenastbuilding-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b "Conde Nast Building". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=3837. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ a b "MetLife Building". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=metlifebuilding-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b "MetLife Building". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=1465. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ a b "Bloomberg Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=bloombergtower-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b "Bloomberg Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=3401. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ a b "Four Seasons Hotel & Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=4135. Retrieved on 2007-08-27.
- ^ a b "Four Seasons Hotel & Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=4seasonshoteltower-miami-fl-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-01.
- ^ a b "Four Seasons Hotel and Tower". Structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0017746. Retrieved on 2007-09-01.
- ^ "Woolworth Building". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=woolworthbuilding-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b "Woolworth Building". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=832. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ a b "IDS Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=122742. Retrieved on 2008-03-29.
- ^ a b "IDS Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=157. Retrieved on 2008-03-29.
- ^ a b "Mellon Bank Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=mellonbankcenter-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
- ^ a b "Mellon Bank Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=2319. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
- ^ a b "Mellon Building". Structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0010032. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
- ^ "John Hancock Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=1287. Retrieved on 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Hancock Place". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=johnhancocktower-boston-ma-usa. Retrieved on 2007-08-02.
- ^ "John Hancock Tower". Structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0000035. Retrieved on 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Chase Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=chasecenter-dallas-tx-usa. Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
- ^ "Chase Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=225. Retrieved on 2007-10-01.
- ^ "30 Hudson Street". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=30hudsonstreet-jerseycity-nj-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "30 Hudson Street". Skyscraperpage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=911. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "Bank of America Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=bankofamericacenter-houston-tx-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
- ^ "Bank of America Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=229. Retrieved on 2007-11-01.
- ^ "555 California Street". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=555californiastreet-sanfrancisco-ca-usa. Retrieved on 2007-08-17.
- ^ "555 California Street". SkyscraperPage. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=238. Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
- ^ "555 California Street". Structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0009333. Retrieved on 2007-09-23.
- ^ "One Worldwide Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1worldwideplaza-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "One Worldwide Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=1622. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "225 South Sixth". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=225south6-minneapolis-mn-usa. Retrieved on 2008-03-28.
- ^ "225 South Sixth". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=2491. Retrieved on 2008-03-29.
- ^ "Wells Fargo Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=wellsfargocenter-minneapolis-mn-usa. Retrieved on 2008-03-29.
- ^ "Wells Fargo Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=240. Retrieved on 2008-03-29.
- ^ "Washington Mutual Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=washingtonmutualtower-seattle-wa-usa. Retrieved on 2007-10-27.
- ^ "Washington Mutual Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=164. Retrieved on 2007-10-28.
- ^ "191 Peachtree Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=191peachtreetower-atlanta-ga-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ "191 Peachtree Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=239. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ "Three First National Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=31nationalplaza-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Three First National Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=211. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Wachovia Financial Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=5966. Retrieved on 2007-08-27.
- ^ "Wachovia Financial Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=wachoviafinancialcenter-miami-fl-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-01.
- ^ "Wachovia Financial Center". Structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0017747. Retrieved on 2007-09-01.
- ^ "Heritage Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=heritageplaza-houston-tx-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
- ^ "Heritage Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=230. Retrieved on 2007-11-01.
- ^ "Carnegie Hall Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=carnegiehalltower-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "Carnegie Hall Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=188. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "Enterprise Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1100louisiana-houston-tx-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
- ^ "Enterprise Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=251. Retrieved on 2007-11-01.
- ^ "Chicago Title & Trust Building". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=chicagotitletrustbuilding-chicago-il-usa923. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Chicago Title & Trust Building". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=212. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Bear Stearns World Headquarters". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=bearstearnsworldheadquarters-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "Bear Stearns World Headquarters". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=1958. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "AXA Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=axacenter-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "AXA Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=3794. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "Time Warner Center South Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=timewarnercentersouthtower-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b "Time Warner Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=3852. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "Time Warner Center North Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=timewarnercenternorthtower-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "Two California Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=2californiaplaza-losangeles-ca-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
- ^ "Two California Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=6415. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
- ^ "1251 Avenue of the Americas". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1251avenuenueofstreetamericas-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "1251 Avenue of the Americas". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=2597. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "One Penn Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1pennplaza-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "One Penn Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=249. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ a b "Prudential Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=prudentialtower-boston-ma-usa. Retrieved on 2007-08-02.
- ^ a b "Prudential Tower: Prudential Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=2188. Retrieved on 2007-08-02.
- ^ a b "Prudential Tower". Structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0010320. Retrieved on 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Gas Company Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=gascompanytower-losangeles-ca-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
- ^ "Gas Company Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=1292. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
- ^ "RSA Battle House Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=102429. Retrieved on 2008-04-11.
- ^ "RSA Battle House Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=6402. Retrieved on 2008-04-11.
- ^ "60 Wall Street". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=60wallstreet-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "60 Wall Street". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=2724. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "One Astor Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1astorplaza-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "One Astor Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=306. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "One Liberty Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1libertyplaza-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "1 Liberty Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=2376. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "Centerpoint Energy Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=centerpointenergyplaza-houston-tx-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
- ^ "Centerpoint Energy Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=1089. Retrieved on 2007-11-01.
- ^ "20 Exchange Place". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=20exchangeplace-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "20 Exchange Place". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=231. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "7 World Trade Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=7worldtradecenter-newyorkcity-ny-usa868. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "Seven World Trade Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=7422. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ a b "Two Union Square". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=2unionsquare-seattle-wa-usa. Retrieved on 2007-10-27.
- ^ a b "Two Union Square". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=163. Retrieved on 2007-10-28.
- ^ "Bell Atlantic Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=bellatlantictower-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
- ^ "Bell Atlantic Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=323. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
- ^ "Verizon Tower". Structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0010030. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
- ^ "Three World Financial Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=3worldfinancialcenter-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "Three World Financial Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=248. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "JPMorgan Chase Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=jpmorganchasetower-dallas-tx-usa. Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
- ^ "JP Morgan Chase Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=120. Retrieved on 2007-10-01.
- ^ "Bank of America Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=bankofamericaplaza-losangeles-ca-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
- ^ "Bank of America Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=234. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
- ^ "One Museum Park". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1museumpark-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Central Park - One Museum Park". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=35956. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Bertelsmann Building". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=bertelsmannbuilding-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "Bertelsmann Building". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=1033. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "Continental Center I". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=continentalcenteri-houston-tx-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
- ^ "Continental Center I". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=295. Retrieved on 2007-11-01.
- ^ "Detroit Marriott at the Renaissance Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=marriottrenaissancecenter-detroit-mi-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-04.
- ^ "Detroit Marriott at the Renaissance Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=3523. Retrieved on 2007-11-04.
- ^ "777 Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=777tower-losangeles-ca-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
- ^ "777 Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=2458. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
- ^ "Olympia Centre". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=olympiacentre-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Olympia Centre". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=213. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ a b "One Mellon Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1melloncenter-pittsburgh-pa-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ "Mellon Bank Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=324. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ "Fullbright Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=fullbrighttower-houston-tx-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
- ^ "Fullbright Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=296. Retrieved on 2007-11-01.
- ^ "Times Square Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=timessquaretower-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "Times Square Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=5773. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "Wells Fargo Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=wellsfargotower-losangeles-ca-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
- ^ "Wells Fargo Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=2819. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
- ^ a b "Westin Peachtree Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=westinpeachtreeplaza-atlanta-ga-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ a b "Westin Peachtree Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=253. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ "Seattle Municipal Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=seattlemunicipaltower-seattle-wa-usa. Retrieved on 2007-10-27.
- ^ "Seattle Municipal Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=156. Retrieved on 2007-10-28.
- ^ "Fountain Place". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=fountainplace-dallas-tx-usa. Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
- ^ "Fountain Place". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=114. Retrieved on 2007-10-01.
- ^ "Figueroa at Wilshire". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=figueroaatwilshire-losangeles-ca-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
- ^ "Figueroa at Wilshire". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=1357. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
- ^ "Metropolitan Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=metropolitantower-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "Metropolitan Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=307. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "Republic Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=republicplaza-denver-co-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ "Republic Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=2699. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ a b "One Shell Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1shellplaza-houston-tx-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
- ^ a b "One Shell Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=235. Retrieved on 2007-11-01.
- ^ "1801 California Street". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1801californiastreet-denver-co-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ "1801 California". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=2700. Retrieved on 2007-12-25.
- ^ "500 Fifth Avenue". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=5005avenuenue-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "500 Fifth Avenue". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=232. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "Terminal Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=terminaltower-cleveland-oh-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-22.
- ^ "Terminal Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=1954. Retrieved on 2007-12-22.
- ^ "JP Morgan Chase World Headquarters". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=jpmorganchaseworldheadquarters-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "JP Morgan Chase World Headquarters". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=2589. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "General Motors Building". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=generalmotorsbuilding-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "General Motors Building". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=2311. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=metropolitanlifeinsurancecompanytower-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ a b "Met Life Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=303. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "Marquis Miami". Emporis.com. http://www.cityfeet.com/News/NewsArticle.aspx?Id=29007&PartnerPath=. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "One Prudential Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1prudentialplaza-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "One Prudential Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=3799. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Chicago Spire". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=fordhamspire-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Chicago Spire". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=39392. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Freedom Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=freedomtower-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "Freedom Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=7788. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "Three World Trade Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=3worldtradecenter-newyorkcity-ny-usa683. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "175 Greenwich". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=7802. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "Three World Trade Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=3worldtradecenter-newyorkcity-ny-usa683. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "175 Greenwich". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=7802. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "Waterview Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=waterviewtower-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Waterview Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=7569. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Four World Trade Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=4worldtradecenter-newyorkcity-ny-usa980. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "150 Greenwich". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=7803. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "Met 3". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=met3-miami-fl-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ "Met 3". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=23787. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ "Brickell Financial Centre Phase II". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=600brickellavenuenue-miami-fl-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ "Brickell Financial Centre Phase II". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=43014. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ "Beekman Place Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=8sprucestreet-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "Beekman Place Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=29664. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "Aqua". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=aqua-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Aqua". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=46482. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "The Legacy at Millennium Park". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=streetlegacyatmillenniumpark-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Legacy at Millennium Park". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=36058. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Capital Towers at Brickell". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=39449. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ "56 Leonard Street". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=56leonardstreet-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "300 North LaSalle". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=300northlasalle-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "300 North LaSalle". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=40619. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Wachovia Corporate Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=wachoviasouthtryonproject-charlotte-nc-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-31.
- ^ "Wachovia-South Tryon Project". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=37019. Retrieved on 2007-12-31.
- ^ "Goldman Sachs New World Headquarters". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=goldmansachsheadquarters-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "Goldman Sachs New World Headquarters". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=29076. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ "Blue Cross-Blue Shield Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=bluecrossblueshieldtower-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Blue Cross-Blue Shield Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=6375. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Infinity II". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=37256. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ "One Museum Park". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1museumpark-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Central Park - One Museum Park". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=35956. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Fontainebleau Resort Hotel". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=fontainebleauresorthotel-lasvegas-nv-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-30.
- ^ "Club Renaissance". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=clubrenaissance-lasvegas-nv-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-30.
- ^ "Club Renaissance". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=34749. Retrieved on 2008-11-08.
- ^ "Museum Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=museumplaza-louisville-ky-usa. Retrieved on 2008-04-10.
- ^ "Museum Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=40402. Retrieved on 2008-04-10.
- ^ "American Commerce Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=americancommercecenter-philadelphia-pa-usa. Retrieved on 2008-03-24.
- ^ "American Commerce Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://forum.skyscraperpage.com/showthread.php?t=147514. Retrieved on 2008-03-14.
- ^ "American Commerce Center is a go". Philly.com. 2008-12-12. http://www.philly.com/philly/news/20081212_American_Commerce_Center_is_a_go.html. Retrieved on 2008-12-15.
- ^ a b "One Bayfront Plaza: Redevelopment". Florida East Coast Realty, Inc.. http://www.fecr.com/bayfrontPark/index.htm. Retrieved on 2007-08-29.
- ^ "One Bayfront Plaza". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=100southbiscayne-miami-fl-usa. Retrieved on 2007-08-29.
- ^ "Signature Tower". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=signaturetower-nashville-tn-usa. Retrieved on 2007-08-29.
- ^ "Signature Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=36057. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
- ^ "The GiraSole". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=67664. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "New York The GiraSole". SkyscraperCity.com. http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=541865. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
- ^ "Mandarin Oriental Tower Chicago". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=mandarinorientaltowerchicago-chicago-il-usa. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Mandarin Oriental Tower Chicago". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=38538. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
- ^ "Devon Is Set to Build Oklahoma's Tallest Skyscraper". Costar.com. http://www.costar.com/News/Article.aspx?id=2B62032F7E9A7453B9A00FCEB1B74B56. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
- ^ "1101 Brickell". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1101brickell-miami-fl-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ "1101 Brickell". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=40620. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ "Trump International Hotel & Tower New Orleans". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=trumpinternationalhoteltowerneworleans-neworleans-la-usa. Retrieved on 2008-06-12.
- ^ Christian Moises (2007-12-07). "Trump’s N.O. tower on track". New Orleans CityBusiness. http://www.neworleanscitybusiness.com/uptotheminute.cfm?recid=14299. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
- ^ "100 South Biscayne II". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=100southbiscayneii-miami-fl-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ "World Jewelry Center". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=worldjewelrycenter-lasvegas-nv-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-30.
- ^ "World Jewelry Center". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=55382. Retrieved on 2007-11-30.
- ^ "Harborside Plaza 7". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=harborsideplaza7-jerseycity-nj-usa. Retrieved on 2007-11-25.
- ^ "Harborside Plaza 7". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=17119. Retrieved on 2007-11-25.
- ^ "Allure Resort Tower". City of Las Vegas. http://www5.lasvegasnevada.gov/sirepub/agdocs.aspx?doctype=agenda&itemid=21392. Retrieved on 2008-05-16.
- ^ "Allure Las Vegas - Tower II". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=allurelasvegastowerii-lasvegas-nv-usa. Retrieved on 2008-05-16.
- ^ "Brickell Flatiron". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=flatironbuilding-miami-fl-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ "Flatiron Building". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=41427. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ "360 Tenth Avenue". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=360tenthavenuenue-newyorkcity-ny-usa. Retrieved on 2008-05-23.
- ^ "Paramount Park". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=paramountpark-miami-fl-usa. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ "Paramount Park". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=37251. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ "The Metropolitan". Emporis.com. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=streetmetropolitan-jerseycity-nj-usa943. Retrieved on 2007-11-25.
- ^ "The Metropolitan". SkyscraperPage.com. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=54495. Retrieved on 2007-11-25.