75th United States Congress
| 75th United States Congress | |||
United States Capitol (1956) |
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| Duration: January 3, 1937 – January 3, 1939 | |||
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| Senate President: | John N. Garner (D) | ||
| Senate Pres. pro tem: | Key Pittman (D) | ||
| House Speaker: | William B. Bankhead (D) | ||
| Members: | 96 Senators 435 Representatives 5 Non-voting members |
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| Senate Majority: | Democratic | ||
| House Majority: | Democratic | ||
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| 1st: January 5, 1937 – August 21, 1937 2nd: November 15, 1937 – December 21, 1937 3rd: January 3, 1938 – June 16, 1938 |
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The Seventy-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1937 to January 3, 1939, during the first two years of the second administration of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. (Because of the 20th amendment, starting in 1937 the new Presidential term began 17 days after that of the new Congress). The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fifteenth United States Census, conducted in 1930. Both chambers had a Democratic supermajority.
Major events[edit]
- January 20, 1937: Second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt as President and John Nance Garner as Vice President
- February 5, 1937: President Franklin Roosevelt's court-packing plan proposed
- March 26, 1937: William Henry Hastie becomes the first African-American appointed to a federal judgeship.
- April 12, 1937: National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation: The Supreme Court of the United States ruled the National Labor Relations Act constitutional.
- July 22, 1937: Senate rejects the court-packing plan
- October 5, 1937: Roosevelt delivers the Quarantine Speech
Major legislation[edit]
- May 1, 1937: Neutrality Acts of 1937
- June 3, 1937: Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act, ch. 296, 50 Stat. 246
- August 5, 1937: National Cancer Institute Act, Pub.L. 75–244, ch. 565, 50 Stat. 559
- August 17, 1937: Miller-Tydings Act, ch. 690, title VIII, 50 Stat. 693
- March 21, 1938: Wheeler-Lea Act, ch. 49, 52 Stat. 111
- June 8, 1938: Foreign Agents Registration Act, ch. 327, 52 Stat. 631
- June 21, 1938: Natural Gas Act, ch. 556, 52 Stat. 821
- June 25, 1938: Civil Aeronautics Act, ch. 601, 52 Stat. 973
- June 25, 1938: Fair Labor Standards Act, ch. 676, 52 Stat. 1060
- June 25, 1938: Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, ch. 675, 52 Stat. 1040
- June 25, 1938: Wagner-O'Day Act, ch. 697, 52 Stat. 1196
Party summary[edit]
Senate[edit]
| Party (Shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Farmer-Labor (F) |
Wisconsin Progressive (P) |
Republican (R) |
Independent (I) |
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| End of the previous congress | 73 | 1 | 1 | 21 | 0 | 96 | 0 |
| Begin | 75 | 2 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 95 | 1 |
| End | 74 | 18 | 96 | 0 | |||
| Final voting share | 77.1% | 2.1% | 1.0% | 18.8% | 1.0% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 70 | 2 | 1 | 22 | 1 | 96 | 0 |
House of Representatives[edit]
- Democratic (D): 334 (majority)
- Republican (R): 88
- Wisconsin Progressive (P): 7
- Progressive (P): 1
- Farmer-Labor (FL): 5
TOTAL members: 435
Leadership[edit]
Senate[edit]
House of Representatives[edit]
Members[edit]
Senate[edit]
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.
House of Representatives[edit]
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
Changes in membership[edit]
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.
Senate[edit]
| State (class) |
Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iowa (2) |
Vacant | Herring chose to remain as Governor of Iowa until term expired. | Clyde L. Herring (D) | January 15, 1937 |
| Tennessee (2) |
Nathan L. Bachman (D) | Died April 23, 1937. Successor was appointed to serve until the next election. | George L. Berry (D) | May 6, 1937 |
| Arkansas (2) |
Joseph T. Robinson (D) | Died July 14, 1937 | John E. Miller (D) | November 15, 1937 |
| Alabama (3) |
Hugo Black (D) | Resigned August 19, 1937 after being appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Successor was appointed to serve until the next election. | Dixie Bibb Graves (D) | August 20, 1937 |
| Alabama (3) |
Dixie Bibb Graves (D) | Resigned January 10, 1938 after successor was elected. | J. Lister Hill (D) | January 11, 1938 |
| New Jersey (1) |
A. Harry Moore (D) | Resigned January 17, 1938 after being elected Governor of New Jersey. Successor was appointed to serve until the next election. | John G. Milton (D) | January 18, 1938 |
| Oregon (3) |
Frederick Steiwer (R) | Resigned January 31, 1938. Successor was appointed to serve until the next election. | Alfred E. Reames (D) | February 1, 1938 |
| New York (1) |
Royal S. Copeland (D) | Died June 17, 1938. | James M. Mead (D) | December 3, 1938 |
| California (3) |
William G. McAdoo (D) | Resigned November 8, 1938 after losing nomination for upcoming term. Successor was appointed to serve until the next election. | Thomas M. Storke (D) | November 9, 1938 |
| New Jersey (1) |
John G. Milton (D) | Successor was elected November 8, 1838. | William W. Barbour (R) | November 8, 1938 |
| Oregon (3) |
Alfred E. Reames (D) | Successor was elected November 8, 1938. | Alexander G. Barry (R) | November 9, 1938 |
| South Dakota (3) |
Herbert E. Hitchcock (D) | Appointed during previous congress to fill term of Sen. Peter Norbeck. Unsuccessful candidate for full term. Successor was elected November 8, 1838. | Gladys Pyle (R) | November 9, 1938 |
| Tennessee (2) |
George L. Berry (D) | Unsuccessful candidate for full term. Successor was elected November 8, 1838 but chose to continue term as attorney general until the next congress. | Vacant | Not filled for the remainder of this congress. |
Employees[edit]
- Architect of the Capitol: David Lynn[1]
- Assistant Architect: Horace D. Rouzer[1]
Senate[edit]
- Chaplain: Reverend ZeBarney Thorne Phillips[1]
- Parliamentarian: Charles L. Watkins[1]
- Secretary: Edwin Alexander Halsey[1]
- Chief Clerk: John C. Crockett[1]
- Librarian: Ruskin McArdle[1]
- Sergeant at Arms: Chesley W. Jurney[1]
- Postmaster: Jack W. Gates[1]
House of Representatives[edit]
- Chaplain: James Shera Montgomery[1] (Methodist)
- Clerk: South Trimble[1]
- Journal clerk: Louis Sirkey[1]
- Reading Clerks: A.E. Chaffee, Patrick J. Haltigan[1]
- Librarian: W. Perry Miller[1]
- Doorkeeper: Joseph J. Sinnott[1]
- Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler[1]
- Postmaster: Finis E. Scott[1]
- Sergeant at Arms: Kenneth Romney[1]
- Postmaster: Finis E. Scott[1]
References[edit]
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