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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
| Centuries: | 8th century – 9th century – 10th century |
| Decades: | 830s 840s 850s – 860s – 870s 880s 890s |
| Years: | 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 |
| Categories: | Births – Deaths – Architecture Establishments – Disestablishments |
860s: events by year
Contents: 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869
860
By place
Asia
Europe
- Ethelbert succeeds as king of Wessex.
- The later Harald I of Norway becomes king.
By topic
Art
- Lusterware tiles, decorated the mihrab of the Mosque of Uqba at Kairouan, are made (approximate date).
Religion
- Michael I succeeds Sophronius I as Patriarch of Alexandria.
- Byzantine missionaries Cyril and Methodius arrive in Khazaria.
862
By place
Asia
- Fan Chuo finishes his Manchu (Book of the Southern Tribes).
Europe
- Ashot I becomes the first king of Armenia's Bagratuni dynasty.
- Aed Finliath is crowned High King of Ireland.
- First written record of Murom, Russia.
- Rurik gains control of Novgorod.
863
By place
Europe
- Constantine I succeeds as king of Scotland (or 862).
- After the death of Charles, Lothair takes part of the Jura and Louis II takes the Provence.
- Carloman revolts against his father Louis the German a second time.
- The first written record of Smolensk.
Asia
- The Tang Dynasty Chinese author Duan Chengshi writes about Chinese maritime trade in East Africa, and the Arab-run slave trade there.
- At the Battle of Lalakaon, the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire annihilates an Arab force led by Omar, emir of Melitene. In conjunction with another victory over the Arabs in Armenia, it marks the beginning of the Empire's resurgence, and its counteroffensive against the forces of Islam.
By topic
Religion
- Byzantine missionaries Saints Cyril and Methodius come to Great Moravia upon a request of Prince Rastislav.
- Pope Nicholas I excommunicates Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople.
864
By place
Europe
- July 25 – Edict of Pistres: Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings.
- Louis II marches against Rome but, getting ill, decides to make peace with the Pope.
- Orso I Participazio becomes Doge of Venice.
- Alfonso III of Leon conquers Porto from the diminished Umayyads. This is the final act of the direct Muslim domination of the Douro region.[1]
- First written reference to Devín Castle, when Louis the German besieges Great Moravian prince Rastislav there.
By topic
Religion
- The Christianization of Bulgaria begins: Khan Boris I of Bulgaria is baptized an Orthodox Christian.
865
By place
Europe
- Ethelred succeeds as king of Wessex (or 866).
- Louis the German divides his kingdom among his sons.
- Lothair, threatened with excommunication, takes back his first wife, Theutberga.
- Bulgaria under Boris I converts to Orthodox Christianity.
Asia
- A Russian expedition for the first time threatens Constantinople.
866
By place
Asia
- Fujiwara no Yoshifusa becomes regent of Japan, starting the Fujiwara regentship.
Europe
- Alfonso III succeeds as king of Asturias.
- Louis II beats the Saracen invaders in Italy.
- Ivar the Boneless crosses over to England and beats and captures king Aella of Northumbria, thus avenging his father Ragnar Lodbrok.
- Ethelred succeeds as king of Wessex (or 865).
- A "great Viking army" captures York.
- Harold Fairhair (850–933) wins a decisive battle in his quest to become king of all of Norway.
By topic
Religion
- Pope Nicholas I forbids the use of torture in prosecutions for witchcraft.
867
By place
Byzantine Empire
- September – Basil I becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.
- Macedonian dynasty is started.
By topic
Religion
- September – Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople is removed from office and banished; Ignatius is patriarch of Constantinople once again.
- December 14 – Pope Adrian II (also referred to as Hadrian II) succeeds Pope Nicholas I as the 106th pope.
868
By place
Africa
- Ahmad ibn Tulun, a Turkish mameluk general in Arab army founds Tulunid dynasty in Egypt.
- The Aghlabid dynasty of Tunisia takes Malta.
Asia
- May 11 – The Diamond Sutra, the oldest dated book, is printed.
Europe
- In Metz, Charles the Bald and Louis the German decide on a division of the lands of former emperor Lothar (now in possession of Lothar II and Louis II).
- In England, Alfred the Great marries Ealhswith and goes to the aid of Burgred of Mercia, who is attacked by Danes.
- The First County of Portugal is established by Vímara Peres, after the reconquest from the Moors of the region north of the Douro River.
- Aed Finliath drives the invading Danes and Norwegians out of Ireland, after defeating them at the Battle of Killineery.
- Al-Andalus: The city of Mérida rises against the Umayyad rule. The emir Muhammad regains control, have the walls of the city destroyed and supports the rival creation of the city of Badajoz as a retaliation.[2]
By topic
Religion
- Ratramnus writes Contra Graecorum Opposita.
869
By place
Asia
- May 26 – An earthquake and tsunami devastate a large part of the Sanriku coast near Sendai, Japan.
- The Zanj (Black slaves from East Africa), provoked by mercilessly harsh labor conditions in the salt flats and on the sugar and cotton plantations of southwestern Persia, revolt.
Europe
- Western Emperor Louis II allies with eastern Emperor Basil I against the Saracens.
- Charles the Bald tries to take the kingdom of Lothair II of Lotharingia after the latter's death, but is resisted by Louis the German.
North America
- Stela 11, the last monument ever erected at Tikal, was dedicated by Jasaw Chan K'awiil II.[3]
By topic
Art
- Repairs are made in Hagia Sophia.
Religion
- The Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic) (October 5 869–February 28 870) is called to decide action regarding Patriarch Photius of Constantinople. This council is now recognised as Ecumenical by the Catholic Church but rejected by the Eastern Churches. The council of 879-880 rejected the decisions of this council.
Significant people
- Rurik
- Pope Nicholas I
- Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Ragnar Lodbrok
- Basil I
- Charles the Bald
- Louis the German
- Baldwin I of Flanders
Births
Deaths
References
- ^ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle0. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 109. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
- ^ Rucquoi, Adeline (1993). Histoire médiévale de la Péninsule ibérique. Paris: Seuil. p. 86. ISBN 2-02-012935-3.
- ^ Martin, Simon; and Nikolai Grube (2000). Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05103-8. OCLC 47358325.
