A. Y. Jackson

A.Y. Jackson
A.Y. Jackson at work in Studio Building in Toronto
Birth name	Alexander Young Jackson
Born	October 3, 1882(1882-10-03) Montreal, Quebec
Died	April 5, 1974(1974-04-05) (aged 91) Kleinburg, Ontario
Nationality	Canadian
Field	Painting
Training	Monument-National, Art Institute of Chicago, Académie Julian
Movement	Group of Seven

Alexander Young Jackson, CC, CMG (October 3, 1882  – April 5, 1974) was a Canadian painter and a founding member of the Group of Seven.

Early life and training

As a young boy, Jackson worked as an office boy for a lithograph company, after his father abandoned his family of six children. It was at this company that Jackson began his art training. In the evenings, he took classes at Montreal's Monument-National

In 1905, Jackson worked his way to Europe on a cattle boat, returning by the same means and travelling on to Chicago. In Chicago, he joined a commercial art firm and took courses at the Art Institute of Chicago. He saved his earnings and, by 1907, was able to visit France to study Impressionism. In France, Jackson decided to become a professional painter, studying at Paris' Académie Julian under J.P. Laurens.

Professional career

Red Maple (1914), by A.Y. Jackson

Jackson returned to Canada, settling in Sweetsburg, Quebec, where he began painting works such as The Edge of Maple Wood. He held his first single artist exhibition at the Montreal Art Gallery with Randolph Hewton in 1913. Unable to make ends meet and discouraged by the Canadian art scene, he considered moving to the United States. However, he received a letter from J. E. H. MacDonald which changed his mind.

MacDonald inquired about The Edge of Maple Wood, which he had seen at a Toronto art show. MacDonald said that Toronto artist Lawren Harris wanted to purchase the painting if Jackson still owned it. Harris purchased the painting and Jackson struck up a correspondence with the two Toronto artists, often debating on topics related to Canadian art. Jackson soon began visiting Toronto.

In his visits, Jackson often joined the painters who would one day be known as the Group of Seven on major trips to Algonquin Park, Georgian Bay, Algoma and the North Shore. Like the other Group of Seven painters, Jackson embraced landscape themes and sought to develop a bold style. An avid outdoorsman, Jackson became good friends with Tom Thomson, and the duo often fished and sketched together.

In 1910, Harris convinced Jackson to spend the summer painting at Georgian Bay. A local doctor offered the use of his cottage and a studio, and paid all his expenses.

War service

Jackson enlisted in the Canadian Army's 60th battalion in 1915 for the First World War. Private Jackson was wounded at the Battle of Sanctuary Wood in June 1916, soon after he reached the front. While recovering from his injuries, he came to the attention of Lord Beaverbrook. He was then transferred to the Canadian War Records branch as an artist. Here, Jackson would create important pictures of events connected with the war.

He later worked for the Canadian War Memorials as an official war artist from 1917 to 1919.

After the war, Jackson returned to Toronto, often making painting expeditions to the lower St Lawrence, the Arctic, and British Columbia.

Group of Seven

Group of seven artists: Frederick Varley, A. Y. Jackson, Lawren Harris, Fairley, Frank Johnston (artist), Arthur Lismer, and J. E. H. MacDonald

In 1919, Jackson and six painter colleagues formed the Group of Seven. These artists were considered to be bold, because the Canadian wilderness had previously been considered too rugged and wild to be painted. Although his name is conventionally associated with this group, he would also remain something of a loner throughout his life.

In 1925, he taught at the Ontario College of Art in Toronto; this was the only year that he missed his annual spring trip to Quebec.

In 1933, Jackson helped found the Canadian Group of Painters. Several members of the Group of Seven later became members of this group, including Lawren Harris, A. J. Casson, Arthur Lismer and Franklin Carmichael.

Later years

Jackson moved to the Ottawa region in 1955, settling in Manotick.

In his later years, he was often accompanied on his painting trips into the Ottawa Valley region, the Gatineau Hills, the Lievre River Valley and Ripond by friend, painter and former student Ralph Wallace Burton, and fellow painters Maurice Haycock and Stuart D. Helmsley. One such venture almost ended in disaster: "...in the 1950s, when Ralph and A.Y. were painting on the banks of the Ottawa River at Deux Rivieres, a bullet ricoheted off a rock where Jackson was sitting."

In 1958, he published A Painter's Country, an autobiography dedicated to the memory of Group of Seven member J. E. H. MacDonald, who "visualized a Canadian school of painting and devoted his life to the realization of it".

In 1964, Jackson submitted his own design during the Great Flag Debate. It was similar in design to the Pearson Pennant.

In 1965, Jackson had a serious stroke that put an end to his painting career. He recuperated at the home of friend and painter Ralph Wallace Burton, and later moved to the McMichael Conservation Estate in Kleinburg, Ontario. Jackson died in 1974, over the Easter holiday in a nursing home in Toronto. He is buried on the grounds of the McMichael Gallery.

Honours

• In 1967 Jackson was appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada.
• A. Y. Jackson Secondary School in Toronto was named after Jackson. He attended the opening of the school in 1970.
• A. Y. Jackson Secondary School in Ottawa is also named after him and opened in 1976.
• In 1970, the Royal Canadian Academy awarded Jackson its medal for lifetime achievement.
• The A. Y. Jackson Lookout on Highway 144 in Sudbury overlooks the waterfall depicted in Jackson's 1953 painting Spring on the Onaping River.
• The Ottawa River Institute has established an A.Y. Jackson Trail in his honour.

Paintings

• 

  Cathedral at Ypres, Belgium

• 

  Gas Attack, Lievin

• 

  House of Ypres

• 

  Vimy Ridge from Souchez Valley

• 

  The Pimple, Evening (1918)

See also

• Canadian official war artists
• War art
• The Studio Building, Toronto, the home and working studio of several Group of Seven painters

Further reading

• Boulet, Roger; Group of Seven and Tom Thomson (1982), The Canadian Earth, M. Bernard Loates, Cerebrus Publishing, http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/ourl/res.php?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_tim=2011-06-25T20%3A38%3A38Z&url_ctx_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=2894383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcollectionscanada.gc.ca%3Aamicus 

References

• Brandon, Laura. (2008). Art and War. New York: I.B. Tauris. 10-ISBN 1-84511-237-7/13-ISBN 978-1-84511-237-0; OCLC 225345535
• Gallatin, Albert Eugene. (1919). Art and the Great War. New York: E.P. Dutton. OCLC 422817
• Reid, Dennis R. (1988). A Concise History of Canadian Painting. Toronto: Oxford University Press. 10-ISBN 0-19-540664-8/13-ISBN 978-0-19-540664-1; 10-ISBN 0-19-540663-X; 13-ISBN 978-0-19-540663-4; OCLC 18378555

External links

• Alexander Young (A.Y.) Jackson (1882-1974)
• Order of Canada citation
• CBC Digital Archives - The Group of Seven: Painters in the Wilderness
• Canadian Landscape - an online documentary at NFB.ca
• 1928 A.Y. Jackson and Frederick Banting NWT Historical Timeline, Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre
• A. Y. Jackson, Lethbridge College Buchanan Art Collection
• A Painter's Country on Amazon.com