ADAM17

ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17
PDB rendering based on 1bkc.
Available structures PDB 1BKC, 1ZXC, 2A8H, 2DDF, 2FV5, 2FV9, 2I47, 2OI0, 3B92, 3CKI, 3E8R, 3EDZ, 3EWJ, 3G42, 3KMC, 3KME, 3L0T, 3L0V, 3LGP
Identifiers
Symbols	ADAM17; ADAM18; CD156B; CSVP; MGC71942; TACE
External IDs	OMIM: 603639 MGI: 1096335 HomoloGene: 2395 GeneCards: ADAM17 Gene
EC number	3.4.24.86
Gene Ontology Molecular function • metalloendopeptidase activity • metalloendopeptidase activity • interleukin-6 receptor binding • integrin binding • protein binding • peptidase activity • metallopeptidase activity • metallopeptidase activity • metallopeptidase activity • zinc ion binding • SH3 domain binding • PDZ domain binding • metal ion binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • plasma membrane • integral to plasma membrane • cell-cell junction • focal adhesion • cell surface • actin cytoskeleton • apical plasma membrane • ruffle membrane • membrane raft Biological process • response to hypoxia • positive regulation of protein phosphorylation • neutrophil mediated immunity • germinal center formation • positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis • proteolysis • membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis • membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis • anti-apoptosis • cell adhesion • epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway • epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway • Notch signaling pathway • positive regulation of cell proliferation • positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis • B cell differentiation • positive regulation of cell growth • positive regulation of cell migration • positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway • membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis • positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity involved in G1/S • response to lipopolysaccharide • negative regulation of interleukin-8 production • positive regulation of chemokine production • regulation of mast cell apoptosis • T cell differentiation in thymus • cell adhesion mediated by integrin • wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells • epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation by G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • response to drug • positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity • positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity • nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway • spleen development • cell motility • PMA-inducible membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis • PMA-inducible membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis • positive regulation of cellular component movement • response to high density lipoprotein particle stimulus Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	6868	11491
Ensembl	ENSG00000151694	ENSMUSG00000052593
UniProt	P78536	Q3UEC0
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_003183.4	NM_009615.5
RefSeq (protein)	NP_003174.3	NP_033745.4
Location (UCSC)	Chr 2: 9.63 – 9.7 Mb	Chr 12: 21.33 – 21.38 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17), also called TACE (tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme), is a 70-kDa enzyme that belongs to the ADAM protein family of disintegrins and metalloproteases.

Chemical characteristics

ADAM17 is an 824-amino acid polypeptide.

Enzymes in this family are transmembrane glycoproteins that are characterized by their conserved, multi-domain structure.

Functions

ADAM17 is understood to be involved in the processing of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) at the surface of the cell, and from within the intracellular membranes of the trans-Golgi network. This process, which is also known as 'shedding', involves the cleavage and release of a soluble ectodomain from membrane-bound pro-proteins (such as pro-TNF-α), and is of known physiological importance. ADAM17 was the first 'sheddase' to be identified, and is also understood to play a role in the release of a diverse variety of membrane-anchored cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, receptors, ligands, and enzymes.

Interactions

ADAM17 has been shown to interact with MAPK1, DLG1 and MAD2L1.

Cloning of the TNF-α gene revealed it to encode a 26 kDa type II transmembrane pro-polypeptide that becomes inserted into the cell membrane during its maturation. At the cell surface, pro-TNF-α is biologically active, and is able to induce immune responses via juxtacrine intercellular signaling. However, pro-TNF-α can undergo a proteolytic cleavage at its Ala76-Val77 amide bond, which releases a soluble 17kDa extracellular domain (ectodomain) from the pro-TNF-α molecule. This soluble ectodomain is the cytokine commonly known as TNF-α, which is of pivotal importance in paracrine signaling. This proteolytic liberation of soluble TNF-α is catalyzed by ADAM17.

ADAM17 also has a role in the shedding of L-selectin, a cellular adhesion molecule.

Recent in vitro experiments have provided evidence that suggests that ADAM17 may play a prominent role in the Notch signaling pathway, during the proteolytic release of the Notch intracellular domain (from the Notch1 receptor) that occurs following ligand binding.

Cellular localization

The localization of ADAM17 is speculated to be an important determinant of shedding activity. TNF-α processing has classically been understood to occur in the trans-Golgi network, and be closely connected to transport of soluble TNF-α to the cell surface. However, research that suggests that the majority of mature, endogenous ADAM17 may be localized to a perinuclear compartment, with only a small amount of TACE being present on the cell surface, exists. The localization of mature ADAM17 to a perinulcear compartment, therefore, raises the possibility that ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding may also occur in the intracellular environment, in contrast with the conventional model.

Functional ADAM17 has been documented to be ubiquitously expressed in the human colon, with increased activity in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis, a main form of inflammatory bowel disease. Other experiments have also suggested that expression of ADAM17 may be inhibited by ethanol.

Model organisms

Adam17 knockout mouse phenotype

Characteristic	Phenotype
Homozygote viability	Abnormal
Recessive lethal study	Normal
Body weight	Normal
Anxiety	Normal
Neurological assessment	Normal
Grip strength	Normal
Hot plate	Normal
Dysmorphology	Normal
Indirect calorimetry	Normal
Glucose tolerance test	Normal
Auditory brainstem response	Normal
DEXA	Normal
Radiography	Normal
Body temperature	Normal
Eye morphology	Normal
Clinical chemistry	Normal
Plasma immunoglobulins	Normal
Haematology	Normal
Peripheral blood lymphocytes	Normal
Micronucleus test	Normal
Heart weight	Normal
Tail epidermis wholemount	Normal
Skin Histopathology	Normal
Brain histopathology	Normal
Eye Histopathology	Normal
Micro-CT & Quantitative Faxitron	Abnormal
Salmonella infection	Normal
Citrobacter infection	Normal
All tests and analysis from

Model organisms have been used in the study of ADAM17 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Adam17^{tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi} was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.

Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty eight tests were carried out on mutant mice and two significant abnormalities were observed. Few homozygous mutant embryos were identified during gestation. The remaining tests were carried out on heterozygous mutant adult mice; an increased bone mineral content was observed in these animals using Micro-CT.

Further reading

• Black RA (2002). "Tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 34 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1016/S1357-2725(01)00097-8. PMID 11733179. 
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548. 
• Black RA, Rauch CT, Kozlosky CJ et al (1997). "A metalloproteinase disintegrin that releases tumour-necrosis factor-alpha from cells". Nature 385 (6618): 729–33. doi:10.1038/385729a0. PMID 9034190. 
• Moss ML, Jin SL, Milla ME et al (1997). "Cloning of a disintegrin metalloproteinase that processes precursor tumour-necrosis factor-alpha". Nature 385 (6618): 733–6. doi:10.1038/385733a0. PMID 9034191. 
• Maskos K, Fernandez-Catalan C, Huber R et al (1998). "Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of human tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (7): 3408–12. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.7.3408. PMC 19849. PMID 9520379. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=19849. 
• Patel IR, Attur MG, Patel RN et al (1998). "TNF-alpha convertase enzyme from human arthritis-affected cartilage: isolation of cDNA by differential display, expression of the active enzyme, and regulation of TNF-alpha". J. Immunol. 160 (9): 4570–9. PMID 9574564. 
• Schroeter EH, Kisslinger JA, Kopan R (1998). "Notch-1 signalling requires ligand-induced proteolytic release of intracellular domain". Nature 393 (6683): 382–6. doi:10.1038/30756. PMID 9620803. 
• Hirohata S, Seldin MF, Apte SS (1999). "Chromosomal assignment of two ADAM genes, TACE (ADAM17) and MLTNB (ADAM19), to human chromosomes 2 and 5, respectively, and of Mltnb to mouse chromosome 11". Genomics 54 (1): 178–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5544. PMID 9806848. 
• Lum L, Wong BR, Josien R et al (1999). "Evidence for a role of a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-converting enzyme-like protease in shedding of TRANCE, a TNF family member involved in osteoclastogenesis and dendritic cell survival". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (19): 13613–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.19.13613. PMID 10224132. 
• Cerretti DP, Poindexter K, Castner BJ et al (1999). "Characterization of the cDNA and gene for mouse tumour necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM17) and its location to mouse chromosome 12 and human chromosome 2p25". Cytokine 11 (8): 541–51. doi:10.1006/cyto.1998.0466. PMID 10433800. 
• Nelson KK, Schlöndorff J, Blobel CP (2000). "Evidence for an interaction of the metalloprotease-disintegrin tumour necrosis factor alpha convertase (TACE) with mitotic arrest deficient 2 (MAD2), and of the metalloprotease-disintegrin MDC9 with a novel MAD2-related protein, MAD2beta". Biochem. J. 343 Pt 3 (Pt 3): 673–80. PMC 1220601. PMID 10527948. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1220601. 
• Kärkkäinen I, Rybnikova E, Pelto-Huikko M, Huovila AP (2000). "Metalloprotease-disintegrin (ADAM) genes are widely and differentially expressed in the adult CNS". Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 15 (6): 547–60. doi:10.1006/mcne.2000.0848. PMID 10860581. 
• Brou C, Logeat F, Gupta N et al (2000). "A novel proteolytic cleavage involved in Notch signaling: the role of the disintegrin-metalloprotease TACE". Mol. Cell 5 (2): 207–16. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80417-7. PMID 10882063. 
• Lee MH, Verma V, Maskos K et al (2002). "Engineering N-terminal domain of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3 to be a better inhibitor against tumour necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme". Biochem. J. 364 (Pt 1): 227–34. PMC 1222565. PMID 11988096. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1222565. 
• Lee MH, Verma V, Maskos K et al (2002). "The C-terminal domains of TACE weaken the inhibitory action of N-TIMP-3". FEBS Lett. 520 (1–3): 102–6. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02776-X. PMID 12044879. 
• Díaz-Rodríguez E, Montero JC, Esparís-Ogando A et al (2002). "Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Phosphorylates Tumor Necrosis Factor α-converting Enzyme at Threonine 735: A Potential Role in Regulated Shedding". Mol. Biol. Cell 13 (6): 2031–44. doi:10.1091/mbc.01-11-0561. PMC 117622. PMID 12058067. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=117622. 
• Mohan MJ, Seaton T, Mitchell J et al (2002). "The tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE): a unique metalloproteinase with highly defined substrate selectivity". Biochemistry 41 (30): 9462–9. doi:10.1021/bi0260132. PMID 12135369. 
• Gómez-Gaviro MV, González-Alvaro I, Domínguez-Jiménez C et al (2002). "Structure-function relationship and role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme in the down-regulation of L-selectin by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (41): 38212–21. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205142200. PMID 12147693. 
• Zheng Y, Schlondorff J, Blobel CP (2003). "Evidence for regulation of the tumor necrosis factor alpha-convertase (TACE) by protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPH1". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (45): 42463–70. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207459200. PMID 12207026. 

External links

• MeSH CD156b+Antigen