AIM2
 |
This article is an orphan, as few or no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; suggestions may be available. (December 2008) |
| Absent in melanoma 2 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||||
| Symbols | AIM2; PYHIN4 | ||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 604578 MGI: 2686159 HomoloGene: 83226 GeneCards: AIM2 Gene | ||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
| RNA expression pattern | |||||||||||
 |
|||||||||||
| More reference expression data | |||||||||||
| Orthologs | |||||||||||
| Species | Human | Mouse | |||||||||
| Entrez | 9447 | 383619 | |||||||||
| Ensembl | ENSG00000163568 | ENSMUSG00000037860 | |||||||||
| UniProt | O14862 | Q91VJ1 | |||||||||
| RefSeq (mRNA) | NM_004833 | NM_001013779.2 | |||||||||
| RefSeq (protein) | NP_004824 | NP_001013801.2 | |||||||||
| Location (UCSC) | Chr 1: 159.03 – 159.12 Mb |
Chr 1: 175.28 – 175.4 Mb |
|||||||||
| PubMed search | [1] | [2] | |||||||||
Interferon-inducible protein AIM2 also known as absent in melanoma 2 or simply AIM2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AIM2 gene.[1][2] Recent research has shown that AIM2 is part of the inflammasome and contributes to the defence against bacterial and viral DNA.[3]
Contents |
[edit] Structure
AIM2 is a 343 amino acid protein with a N-terminal DAPIN (or pyrin) domain (amino acids 1-87) and a C-terminal HIN-200 domain (amino acids 138-337), which is known to have two oligonucleotide-binding folds.[4]
[edit] Function
AIM2 is a member of the IFI20X]/IFI16 family. It plays a putative role in tumorigenic reversion and may control cell proliferation. Interferon-gamma induces expression of AIM2.[2]
Though there has been virtually no biochemistry performed, a model based on cell-based or in vivo experiments has led to the current model of how AIM2 triggers the inflammasome. The C-terminal HIN domain binds double stranded DNA (either viral, bacterial, or even host) and acts as a cytosolic dsDNA sensor. This leads to the oligomerization of the inflammasome complex. The N-terminal pyrin domain of AIM2 interacts with the pyrin domain of another protein ASC (or Apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain). ASC also contains a CARD domain (caspase recruitment domain), that recruits procaspase-1 to the complex. This leads to the autoactivation of caspase-1, an enzyme that processes proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1b and IL-18).[3]
[edit] Clinical relevance
Elevated levels of AIM2 expression are found in skin cells from people with psoriasis.[5]
[edit] References
- ^ DeYoung KL, Ray ME, Su YA, Anzick SL, Johnstone RW, Trapani JA, Meltzer PS, Trent JM (Aug 1997). "Cloning a novel member of the human interferon-inducible gene family associated with control of tumorigenicity in a model of human melanoma". Oncogene 15 (4): 453–7. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201206. PMID 9242382.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: AIM2 absent in melanoma 2". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9447.
- ^ a b Schroder K, Tschopp J (March 2010). "The inflammasomes". Cell 140 (6): 821–32. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.040. PMID 20303873.
- ^ Fernandes-Alnemri T, Yu JW, Datta P, Wu J, Alnemri ES (March 2009). "AIM2 activates the inflammasome and cell death in response to cytoplasmic DNA". Nature 458 (7237): 509–13. doi:10.1038/nature07710. PMC 2862225. PMID 19158676. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2862225.
- ^ Dombrowski, Y; Peric, M, Koglin, S, Kammerbauer, C, Göß, C, Anz, D, Simanski, M, Gläser, R, Harder, J, Hornung, V, Gallo, RL, Ruzicka, T, Besch, R, Schauber, J (2011 May 11). "Cytosolic DNA Triggers Inflammasome Activation in Keratinocytes in Psoriatic Lesions". Science translational medicine 3 (82): 82ra38–82ra38. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002001. PMID 21562230.
[edit] Further reading
- Landolfo S, Gariglio M, Gribaudo G, Lembo D (1999). "The Ifi 200 genes: an emerging family of IFN-inducible genes". Biochimie 80 (8–9): 721–8. doi:10.1016/S0300-9084(99)80025-X. PMID 9865494.
- Woerner SM, Kloor M, Schwitalle Y et al (2007). "The putative tumor suppressor AIM2 is frequently affected by different genetic alterations in microsatellite unstable colon cancers". Genes Chromosomes Cancer 46 (12): 1080–9. doi:10.1002/gcc.20493. PMID 17726700.
- Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE et al (2006). "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1". Nature 441 (7091): 315–21. doi:10.1038/nature04727. PMID 16710414.
- Chen IF, Ou-Yang F, Hung JY et al (2006). "AIM2 suppresses human breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and mammary tumor growth in a mouse model". Mol. Cancer Ther. 5 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0310. PMID 16432157.
- Cresswell KS, Clarke CJ, Jackson JT et al (2005). "Biochemical and growth regulatory activities of the HIN-200 family member and putative tumor suppressor protein, AIM2". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 326 (2): 417–24. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.048. PMID 15582594.
- Liu G, Yu JS, Zeng G et al (2004). "AIM-2: a novel tumor antigen is expressed and presented by human glioma cells". J. Immunother. 27 (3): 220–6. doi:10.1097/00002371-200405000-00006. PMID 15076139.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
- Choubey D, Walter S, Geng Y, Xin H (2000). "Cytoplasmic localization of the interferon-inducible protein that is encoded by the AIM2 (absent in melanoma) gene from the 200-gene family". FEBS Lett. 474 (1): 38–42. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01571-4. PMID 10828447.
 |
This article on a gene on chromosome 1 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
