AKT3

V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3 (protein kinase B, gamma)
Available structures PDB 2X18
Identifiers
Symbols	AKT3; PKB-GAMMA; PKBG; PRKBG; RAC-PK-gamma; RAC-gamma; STK-2
External IDs	OMIM: 611223 MGI: 1345147 HomoloGene: 55904 GeneCards: AKT3 Gene
EC number	2.7.11.1
Gene Ontology Molecular function • nucleotide binding • protein kinase activity • protein serine/threonine kinase activity • protein binding • ATP binding Cellular component • nucleus • nucleolus • cytoplasm • Golgi apparatus • plasma membrane Biological process • mitochondrial genome maintenance • protein phosphorylation • signal transduction Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	10000	23797
Ensembl	ENSG00000117020	ENSMUSG00000019699
UniProt	Q9Y243	Q9WUA6
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001206729.1	NM_011785.3
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001193658.1	NP_035915.3
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 243.65 – 244.01 Mb	Chr 1: 178.95 – 179.19 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKT3 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the AKT serine/threonine protein kinase family. AKT kinases are known to be regulators of cell signaling in response to insulin and growth factors. They are involved in a wide variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, as well as glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake. This kinase has been shown to be stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). Alternatively splice transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. Mice lacking Akt3 have a normal glucose metabolism (no diabetes), have approximately normal body weight, but have a 25% reduction in brain mass. Incidentally, Akt3 is highly expressed in the brain.

Interactions

AKT3 has been shown to interact with Protein kinase Mζ.

Further reading

• Li W, Zhang J, Bottaro DP, Pierce JH (1997). "Identification of serine 643 of protein kinase C-delta as an important autophosphorylation site for its enzymatic activity.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (39): 24550–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.39.24550. PMID 9305920. 
• Borgatti P, Zauli G, Colamussi ML, et al. (1998). "Extracellular HIV-1 Tat protein activates phosphatidylinositol 3- and Akt/PKB kinases in CD4+ T lymphoblastoid Jurkat cells.". Eur. J. Immunol. 27 (11): 2805–11. doi:10.1002/eji.1830271110. PMID 9394803. 
• Walker KS, Deak M, Paterson A, et al. (1998). "Activation of protein kinase B beta and gamma isoforms by insulin in vivo and by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 in vitro: comparison with protein kinase B alpha". Biochem. J. 331 ( Pt 1) (Pt 1): 299–308. PMC 1219352. PMID 9512493. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1219352. 
• Nakatani K, Thompson DA, Barthel A, et al. (1999). "Up-regulation of Akt3 in estrogen receptor-deficient breast cancers and androgen-independent prostate cancer lines". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (31): 21528–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.31.21528. PMID 10419456. 
• Masure S, Haefner B, Wesselink JJ, et al. (1999). "Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of the human serine/threonine kinase Akt-3". Eur. J. Biochem. 265 (1): 353–60. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00774.x. PMID 10491192. 
• Murthy SS, Tosolini A, Taguchi T, Testa JR (2000). "Mapping of AKT3, encoding a member of the Akt/protein kinase B family, to human and rodent chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 88 (1–2): 38–40. doi:10.1159/000015481. PMID 10773662. 
• Meucci O, Fatatis A, Simen AA, Miller RJ (2000). "Expression of CX3CR1 chemokine receptors on neurons and their role in neuronal survival". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (14): 8075–80. doi:10.1073/pnas.090017497. PMC 16672. PMID 10869418. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=16672. 
• Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). "DNA Cloning Using In Vitro Site-Specific Recombination". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–95. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=310948. 
• Zauli G, Milani D, Mirandola P, et al. (2001). "HIV-1 Tat protein down-regulates CREB transcription factor expression in PC12 neuronal cells through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/cyclic nucleoside phosphodiesterase pathway". FASEB J. 15 (2): 483–91. doi:10.1096/fj.00-0354com. PMID 11156964. 
• Kapasi AA, Fan S, Singhal PC (2001). "Role of 14-3-3epsilon, c-Myc/Max, and Akt phosphorylation in HIV-1 gp 120-induced mesangial cell proliferation". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 280 (2): F333–42. PMID 11208609. 
• Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, et al. (2001). "Toward a Catalog of Human Genes and Proteins: Sequencing and Analysis of 500 Novel Complete Protein Coding Human cDNAs". Genome Res. 11 (3): 422–35. doi:10.1101/gr.GR1547R. PMC 311072. PMID 11230166. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=311072. 
• Sandirasegarane L, Kester M (2001). "Enhanced stimulation of Akt-3/protein kinase B-gamma in human aortic smooth muscle cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 283 (1): 158–63. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4739. PMID 11322783. 
• Brodbeck D, Hill MM, Hemmings BA (2001). "Two splice variants of protein kinase B gamma have different regulatory capacity depending on the presence or absence of the regulatory phosphorylation site serine 472 in the carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic domain". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (31): 29550–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104633200. PMID 11387345. 
• Mende I, Malstrom S, Tsichlis PN, et al. (2001). "Oncogenic transformation induced by membrane-targeted Akt2 and Akt3". Oncogene 20 (32): 4419–23. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204486. PMID 11466625. 
• Zinda MJ, Johnson MA, Paul JD, et al. (2001). "AKT-1, -2, and -3 are expressed in both normal and tumor tissues of the lung, breast, prostate, and colon". Clin. Cancer Res. 7 (8): 2475–9. PMID 11489829. 
• Laine J, Künstle G, Obata T, Noguchi M (2002). "Differential regulation of Akt kinase isoforms by the members of the TCL1 oncogene family". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (5): 3743–51. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107069200. PMID 11707444. 
• Deregibus MC, Cantaluppi V, Doublier S, et al. (2002). "HIV-1-Tat protein activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ AKT-dependent survival pathways in Kaposi's sarcoma cells". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (28): 25195–202. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200921200. PMID 11994280. 
• Hodgkinson CP, Sale EM, Sale GJ (2002). "Characterization of PDK2 activity against protein kinase B gamma". Biochemistry 41 (32): 10351–9. doi:10.1021/bi026065r. PMID 12162751.