AMD Radeon Rx 200 Series
| Release date |
Announced: September 25, 2013 Released: Oct 8, 2013 |
|---|---|
| Codename | Southern Islands Sea Islands Volcanic Islands |
| Cards | |
| Entry-level | Radeon R5 210 Radeon R5 220 Radeon R5 230 Radeon R5 235 Radeon R5 235X |
| Mid-range | Radeon R7 240 Radeon R7 250 Radeon R7 250X Radeon R7 260 Radeon R7 260X Radeon R7 265 |
| High-end | Radeon R9 270 Radeon R9 270X Radeon R9 280 Radeon R9 280X Radeon R9 285 |
| Enthusiast | Radeon R9 290 Radeon R9 290X Radeon R9 295X2 |
| Rendering support | |
| Direct3D | Direct3D 11.2 Shader Model 5.0 |
| OpenCL | OpenCL 1.2 |
| OpenGL | OpenGL 4.4[1] |
| Mantle | Mantle API |
| History | |
| Predecessor | Radeon HD 7000 Series Radeon HD 8000 Series |
| Successor | AMD Radeon Rx 300 Series[2][3] |
The Rx 200 series is a family of GPUs developed by AMD. A "preview" was seen on September 25, 2013.[2][4][5] These GPUs are manufactured on a 28 nm Gate-Last process through TSMC or Common Platform Alliance.[6]
Contents
Release[edit]
The Rx 200 series was announced on September 25, 2013, at the AMD GPU14 Tech Day event.[7] Non-disclosure agreements were lifted on October 15, except for the R9 290X, and pre-orders opened on October 3.[8]
Architecture[edit]
This article is about all products under the AMD Radeon Rx 200 Series brand.
- A GPU implementing Graphics Core Next 1.2 is found on the R9 285 (Tonga Pro) branded products.
- A GPU implementing Graphics Core Next 1.1 is found on R7 260 (Bonaire), R7 260X (Bonaire XTX), R9 290 (Hawaii Pro), R9 290X (Hawaii XT), and R9 295X2 (Vesuvius) branded products.
- A GPU implementing Graphics Core Next 1.0 is found on R9 280 and 280X, R7 240, 250, 250X, 265, 270, 270X, and R5 240 branded products.
- A GPU implementing TeraScale 2 "Evergreen" (VLIW5) is found on R5 235X and "below" branded products.
Multi-monitor support[edit]
The AMD Eyefinity-branded on-die display controllers were introduced in September 2009 in the Radeon HD 5000 Series and have been present in all products since.[9]
AMD TrueAudio[edit]
AMD TrueAudio was introduced with the AMD Radeon Rx 200 Series, but can only be found on the dies of GCN 1.1 products.
Video acceleration[edit]
AMD's SIP core for video acceleration, Unified Video Decoder and Video Codec Engine, are found on all GPUs and supported by AMD Catalyst and by the free and open-source graphics device driver#ATI/AMD.
Use in cryptocurrency mining[edit]
Current Radeon GPUs perform better in cryptocurrency mining than their Nvidia GeForce counterparts. This led to limited supply and huge price increases in Q4 of 2013 and Q1 of 2014.[10][11] Since Q2 of 2014 availability of AMD GPUs as well as pricing has, in most cases, returned to normal.
Desktop products[edit]
Radeon R9 295X2[edit]
The Radeon R9 295X2 was released on April 21, 2014. It is a dual GPU card. It will be shipped in a metal case. It is the first reference card to utilize a closed looped liquid cooler.[12][13] The performance of the card is expected to be the fastest consumer-oriented card in the world.
Radeon R9 290[edit]
The Radeon R9 290 and R9 290X were announced on September 25, 2013.[14][15] The R9 290 is based on AMD's Hawaii Pro chip and R9 290X on Hawaii XT. R9 290 and R9 290X will support AMD's TrueAudio, Mantle, Direct3D 11.2, and bridge-free Crossfire technology using XDMA. A limited "Battlefield 4 Edition" pre-order bundle of R9 290X that includes Battlefield 4 was available on October 3, 2013, with reported quantity being 8,000. The R9 290X features 2816 Stream Processors, 176 TMUs, 64 ROPs, 512-bit wide buses, 44 CUs (compute units) and 8 ACE units. The R9 290X had a launch price of $549. The R9 290 had a launch price of $399.
Radeon R9 285[edit]
The Radeon R9 285 was announced on August 23, 2014 at AMD's 30 years of graphics celebration and released September 2, 2014. It was the first card to feature AMD's GCN 1.2 microarchitecture, in the form of a Tonga-series GPU.
Radeon R9 280X[edit]
Radeon R9 280X was announced on September 25, 2013. With a launch price of $299, it is based on the Tahiti XTL chip, being a slightly upgraded, rebranded Radeon HD 7970 GHz Edition. Radeon R9 280 was announced on March 4, 2014. With a launch MSRP set at $275, it is based on a rebranded Radeon HD 7950 with an increased clock speed, from 925Mhz to 938Mhz.[16]
Radeon R9 270[edit]
Radeon R9 270X was announced on September 25, 2013. With a launch price of $199, it is based on the Curaçao XT chip, which was formerly called Pitcairn.[17] It is speculated to be faster than a Radeon HD 7870 GHz edition. Radeon R9 270 has a launch price of $179.
Radeon R7 265[edit]
Radeon R7 265 was announced on February 13, 2014. With a launch price of $149, it is based on 28 nm Curaçao chip and features 1024 stream processors, 64 TMUs, 32 ROPs coupled with 2GB of GDDR5 memory on a 256-bit memory bus. It is a faster clocked version of the Radeon HD 7850.
Radeon R7 260X[edit]
Radeon R7 260X was announced on September 25, 2013. With a launch price of $139, it is based on the Bonaire XTX chip, a faster iteration of Bonaire XT that the Radeon HD 7790 is based on. It will have 2 GB of GDDR5 memory as standard and will also feature TrueAudio, on-chip audio DSP based on Tensilica HiFi EP architecture. The stock card features a boost clock of 1100Mhz. It has 2 Gbs of GDDR5 memory with a 6.5Ghz memory clock over a 128-bit Interface. The 260X will draw around 115W in typical use.[18][19]
Radeon R7 250[edit]
Radeon R7 250 was announced on September 25, 2013. It has a launch price of $89.[18] The card is based on the Oland core with 384 GCN cores. In February 10, 2014 AMD announced the R7 250X which is based on the Cape Verde GPU with 640 GCN cores and an MSRP of $99.[20]
Mobile products[edit]
Chipset table[edit]
1 Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
2 Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of ROPs multiplied by the base core clock speed.
3 Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of TMUs multiplied by the base core clock speed.
4 Single precision performance is calculated as two times the number of shaders multiplied by the base core clock speed.
5 Double precision performance of Hawaii is 1/8 of single precision performance,[21] Tahiti is 1/4 of single precision performance, others 28 nm chip is 1/16 of single precision performance.
6 Base clock of R9 290 and R9 290X will maintain at 947 MHz and 1000 MHz before reaching 95°C, respectively.[22]
7 The R9 285 utilizes loss-less colour compression which can increase effective memory bandwidth (relative to GCN 1.0 and 1.1 cards) in certain situations.[23][24]
| Model | Launch | Codename | Architecture | Fab (nm) | Transistors (Million) | Die Size (mm2) | Bus interface | Memory (MiB) | Clock rate | Config core1 | Fillrate | Memory | Processing Power GFLOPS |
TDP (W) | GFLOPS/W Single Precision | API support (version) | TrueAudio | Release Price (USD) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core (MHz) | Boost (MHz) | Memory (MHz) | Pixel (GP/s)2 | Texture (GT/s)3 | Bus width (bit) | Bus type | Bandwidth (GB/s) | Single Precision4 | Double Precision5 | Idle | Max. | DirectX | OpenGL | OpenCL | Mantle | |||||||||||||
| Radeon R5 210 | Unknown | Cedar | Terascale 2 | 40 | 292 | 59 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 256 | 400 | Unknown | 450 (Effective 900) | 80:8:4 | 1.6 | 3.2 | 64 | DDR3 | 7.2 | 64 | No | Unknown | 19 | 3.4 | 11.0 | 4.4 | 1.2 | No | No | Unknown |
| Radeon R5 220 | Unknown | Caicos PRO-L | Terascale 2 | 40 | 370 | 67 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 1024 | 625 | 650 | 533 (Effective 1066) | 160:8:4 | 2.5 | 5 | 64 | DDR3 | 8.53 | 200 | No | Unknown | 18 | 11.1 | 11.0[25] | 3.2[25] | 1.2 | No | No | Unknown |
| Radeon R5 230 | Apr 3, 2014[26] | Caicos | Terascale 2 | 40 | 370 | 67 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 1024 2048 |
625[27] | N/A | 533 (Effective 1066) | 160:8:4 | 2.5 | 5 | 64 | DDR3 | 8.53 | 200 | No | Unknown | 19[28] | 8 | 11.0[29] | 4.1[29] | 1.2 | No | No | Unknown |
| Radeon R5 235 | Unknown | Caicos XT | Terascale 2 | 40 | 370 | 67 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 1024 | 775 | Unknown | 900 (Effective 1800) | 160:8:4 | 3.1 | 6.2 | 64 | DDR3 | 14.4 | 248 | No | Unknown | 35 | 7.1 | 11.0[25] | 4.1[25] | 1.2 | No | No | Unknown |
| Radeon R5 235X | Unknown | Caicos XT | Terascale 2 | 40 | 370 | 67 | PCIe 2.1 ×16 | 1024 | 875 | Unknown | 900 (Effective 1800) | 160:8:4 | 3.5 | 7.0 | 64 | DDR3 | 14.4 | 280 | No | Unknown | 18 | 15.6 | 11.0[25] | 4.1[25] | 1.2 | No | No | Unknown |
| Radeon R5 240 | Unknown | Oland | GCN 1.0 | 28 | 1040 | 90 | PCIe 3.0 ×16 | 2048 | 730 | 780 | 900 (Effective 1800) | 320:20:8 | 5.84 | 14.6 | 128 | DDR3 GDDR5 |
22.8 57.6 |
467.2 | Unknown | Unknown | 50 | 9.3 | 11.2[25] | 4.3[25] | 1.2 | Yes | No | Unknown |
| Radeon R7 240 | Oct 8, 2013 | Oland PRO | GCN 1.0 | 28 | 1040 | 90 | PCIe 3.0 ×16 | 2048 | 730 | 780 | 900 (Effective 1800) 1125 (Effective 4500) |
320:20:8 | 5.84 | 14.6 | 128 | DDR3 GDDR5 |
28.8 72 |
467.2 499.2 |
29.2 | Unknown | 30 | 15.6 | 12.0[30] | 4.3[30] | 1.2 | Yes[31] | No | $69 |
| Radeon R7 250 | Oct 8, 2013 | Oland XT | GCN 1.0 | 28 | 1040 | 90 | PCIe 3.0 ×16 | 1024 2048 |
1000 | 1050 | 1150 (Effective 4600) | 384:24:8 | 8 | 24 | 128 | DDR3 GDDR5 |
73.6 | 768 806.4 |
48 | Unknown | 75 | 11.8 | 12.0[30] | 4.3[30] | 1.2 | Yes | No | $89 |
| Radeon R7 250X | Feb 10, 2014 | Cape Verde XT | GCN 1.0 | 28 | 1500 | 123 | PCIe 3.0 ×16 | 1024 2048 |
1000 | N/A | 1125 (Effective 4500) | 640:40:16 | 16 | 40 | 128 | GDDR5 | 72 | 1280 | 80 | Unknown | 95 | 13.5 | 12.0[30] | 4.3[30] | 1.2 | Yes | No | $99 |
| Radeon R7 260 | Dec 17, 2013 | Bonaire | GCN 1.1 | 28 | 2080 | 160 | PCIe 3.0 ×16 | 1024 | 1000 | N/A | 1500 (Effective 6000) | 768:48:16 | 16 | 48 | 128 | GDDR5 | 96 | 1536 | 96 | Unknown | 95 | 16.2 | 12.0[30] | 4.3[30] | 1.2 | Yes | Yes[32] | $109 |
| Radeon R7 260X | Oct 8, 2013 | Bonaire XTX | GCN 1.1 | 28 | 2080 | 160 | PCIe 3.0 ×16 | 1024 2048 |
1100 | N/A | 1625 (Effective 6500) | 896:56:16 | 17.6 | 61.6 | 128 | GDDR5 | 104 | 1971.2 | 123.2 | Unknown | 115 | 17.1 | 12.0[30] | 4.3[30] | 1.2 | Yes | Yes[33] | $139 |
| Radeon R7 265 | 2014 | Curaçao PRO | GCN 1.0 | 28 | 2800 | 212 | PCIe 3.0 ×16 | 2048 | 900 | 925 | 1400 (Effective 5600) | 1024:64:32 | 28.8 | 57.6 | 256 | GDDR5 | 179.2 | 1843.2 | 115.2 | Unknown | 150 | 12.3 | 12.0[30] | 4.3[30] | 1.2 | Yes | No | $149 |
| Radeon R9 270 | Nov 13, 2013 | Curaçao PRO | GCN 1.0 | 28 | 2800 | 212 | PCIe 3.0 ×16 | 2048 | 900 | 925 | 1400 (Effective 5600) | 1280:80:32 | 28.8 | 72 | 256 | GDDR5 | 179.2 | 2304 2368 |
144 148 |
Unknown | 150 | 15.4 | 12.0[34] | 4.3[34] | 1.2 | Yes | No | $179 |
| Radeon R9 270X | Oct 8, 2013 | Curaçao XT | GCN 1.0 | 28 | 2800 | 212 | PCIe 3.0 ×16 | 2048 4096 |
1000 | 1050 | 1400 (Effective 5600) | 1280:80:32 | 32 | 80 | 256 | GDDR5 | 179.2 | 2560 2688 |
160 168 |
Unknown | 180 | 14.2 | 12.0[34] | 4.3[34] | 1.2 | Yes | No | $199 |
| Radeon R9 280 | Mar 4, 2014 | Tahiti PRO | GCN 1.0 | 28 | 4313 | 352 | PCIe 3.0 ×16 | 3072 | 827 | 933 | 1250 (Effective 5000) | 1792:112:32 | 26.5 | 92.6 | 384 | GDDR5 | 240 | 2964 3343.9 |
741 836 |
Unknown | 250 | 14.8 | 12.0[34] | 4.3[34] | 1.2 | Yes | No | $249 |
| Radeon R9 280X | Oct 8, 2013 | Tahiti XT2 Tahiti XTL[35] |
GCN 1.0 | 28 | 4313 | 352 | PCIe 3.0 ×16 | 3072 | 850 | 1000 | 1500 (Effective 6000) | 2048:128:32 | 27.2 | 109 | 384 | GDDR5 | 288 | 3481.6 4096 |
870.4 1024 |
Unknown | 250 | 13.9 | 12.0[34] | 4.3[34] | 1.2 | Yes | No | $299 |
| Radeon R9 285 | Sep 2, 2014 | Tonga PRO | GCN 1.2 | 28 | 5000[36] | 359[37] | PCIe 3.0 ×16 | 2048 | 918 | Unknown | 1375 (Effective 5500) | 1792:112:32 | 29.4 | 102.8 | 256 | GDDR5 | 176 | 3290 | 206.6[38] | Unknown | 190 | 17.3 | 12.0[34] | 4.3[34] | 1.2 | Yes | Yes | $249 |
| Radeon R9 290 | Nov 5, 2013 | Hawaii PRO | GCN 1.1 | 28 | 6200[39] | 438 | PCIe 3.0 ×16 | 4096 | up to 9476 | N/A | 1250 (Effective 5000) | 2560:160:64 | 60.608 | 151.52 | 512 | GDDR5 | 320 | 4848.6 | 606.1 | Unknown | 275 | 17.6 | 12.0[34] | 4.3[34] | 1.2 | Yes | Yes | $399 |
| Radeon R9 290X | Oct 24, 2013 | Hawaii XT | GCN 1.1 | 28 | 6200[39] | 438 | PCIe 3.0 ×16 | 4096 | up to 10006 | N/A | 1250 (Effective 5000) | 2816:176:64 | 64 | 176 | 512 | GDDR5 | 320 | 5632 | 704 | Unknown | 290 | 19.4 | 12.0[34] | 4.3[34] | 1.2 | Yes | Yes | $549 |
| Radeon R9 295X2 [40] | Apr 8, 2014 | Vesuvius | GCN 1.1 | 28 | 2× 6200 | 2× 438 | PCIe 3.0 ×16 | 2× 4096 | 1018 | N/A | 1250 (Effective 5000) | 2× 2816:176:64 | 2× 65.152 | 2× 179.168 | 2× 512 | GDDR5 | 2× 320 | 11466.752 | 1433.344 | Unknown | 500 | 22.9 | 12.0[34] | 4.3[34] | 1.2 | Yes | Yes | $1499 |
| Model | Launch | Codename | Architecture | Fab (nm) | Transistors (Million) | Die Size (mm2) | Bus interface | Memory (MiB) | Clock rate | Config core1 | Fillrate | Memory | Processing Power GFLOPS |
TDP (W) | GFLOPS/W Single Precision | API support (version) | True Audio | Release Price (USD) | ||||||||||
| Core (MHz) | Boost (MHz) | Memory (MHz) | Pixel (GP/s)2 | Texture (GT/s)3 | Bus width (bit) | Bus type | Bandwidth (GB/s) | Single Precision4 | Double Precision5 | Idle | Max. | DirectX | OpenGL | OpenCL | Mantle | |||||||||||||
1 Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
2 Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of ROPs multiplied by the base core clock speed.
3 Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of TMUs multiplied by the base core clock speed.
4 Single precision performance is calculated as two times the number of shaders multiplied by the base core clock speed.
5 Double precision performance of Hawaii is 1/8 of single precision performance,[41] Tahiti is 1/4 of single precision performance, others 28 nm chip is 1/16 of single precision performance.
6 Base clock of R9 290 and R9 290X will maintain at 947 MHz and 1000 MHz before reaching 95°C, respectively.[42]
7 The R9 285 utilizes loss-less colour compression which can increase effective memory bandwidth (relative to GCN 1.0 and 1.1 cards) in certain situations.[43][44]
Graphics device drivers[edit]
AMD's proprietary graphics device driver "Catalyst"[edit]
AMD Catalyst is being developed for Microsoft Windows and Linux. As of July 2014, other operating system are not officially supported. This may be different for the AMD FirePro brand, which is based on identical hardware but features OpenGL-certified graphics device drivers.
AMD Catalyst supports of course all features advertised for the Radeon brand.
Free and open-source graphics device driver "Radeon"[edit]
The free and open-source drivers are primarily developed on Linux and for Linux, but have been ported to other operating systems as well. Each driver is composed out of five parts:
- Linux kernel component DRM
- Linux kernel component KMS driver: basically the device driver for the display controller
- user-space component libDRM
- user-space component in Mesa 3D;
- a special and distinct 2D graphics device driver for X.Org Server, which if finally about to be replaced by Glamor
The free and open-source "Radeon" graphics driver supports most of the features implemented into the Radeon line of GPUs.[45]
The free and open-source "Radeon" graphics device drivers are not reverse engineered, but based on documentation released by AMD.[46]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ http://www.techpowerup.com/200081/amd-catalyst-14-4-rc-available-for-download.html Full support for OpenGL 4.4
- ^ a b Iyer, Tarun (July 4, 2013). "Report: AMD's Volcanic Islands GPUs Launching in October Without HD 8000 Branding". tomshardware.com. tom's Hardware. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
- ^ Hagedoorn, Hilbert. "AMD Pirate Islands Radeon R9 300 Series". The Guru of 3D. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
- ^ AMD's Next Generation Volcanic Islands GPUs Possibly Launching in October - May Not Be Branded As HD 8000 Series
- ^ AMD Updates 2014-2015 Product Roadmap [UPDATED]
- ^ AMD Launches Next Generation Volcanic Islands (VI) GPUs in 2014 - Successor to Sea Islands
- ^ AnandTech Portal AMD Announces Next Generation Radeon R7 and R9 Video Cards
- ^ Launch Date Revealed for AMD Radeon R9 290X Hawaii Graphics Card
- ^ "AMD Eyefinity: FAQ". AMD. 2011-05-17. Retrieved 2014-07-02.
- ^ AnandTech Portal | Radeon R9 290X Retail Prices Hit $900
- ^ AMD graphics card pricing skyrockets due to cryptocurrency mining, could kill AMD’s gaming efforts | ExtremeTech
- ^ AMD Radeon™ R9 Series Graphics
- ^ AnandTech Portal The AMD Radeon R9 295X2 Review
- ^ "What to expect from GPU14 event in Hawaii". Retrieved 25 September 2013.
- ^ AMD GPU Lineup Announced R9 and R7 Series PC Perspective
- ^ http://www.anandtech.com/show/7828/amd-announces-radeon-r9-280-radeon-hd-7950b-returns
- ^ Woligroski, Don. "AMD Radeon R9 270 Review: Replacing The Radeon HD 7800s". TomsHardware.com. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ a b "AMD Releases R7 Series Graphics Cards With AMD Radeon R7 240, AMD Radeon R7 250 and AMD Radeon R7 260X GPUs". Advanced Micro Devices. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
- ^ Ung, Gordon Mah (8 October 2013). "Everything You Wanted to Know About AMD’s New TrueAudio Technology". maximumpc. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
- ^ http://www.anandtech.com/show/7751/amd-announces-radeon-r7-250x-shipping-today
- ^ Radeon R9 290X Review AMD's Back In Ultra-High-End Gaming - Hawaii A 6.2 Billion Transistor GPU For Gaming "We've also come to learn that AMD changed the double-precision rate from 1/4 to 1/8 on the R9 290X, yielding a maximum .7 TFLOPS. The FirePro version of this configuration will support full-speed (1/2 rate) DP compute, giving professional users an incentive to spring for Hawaii's professional implementation."
- ^ AMD Radeon R9 290 Review Fast And $400, But Is It Consistent - Digging Deeper Into Hawaii’s Behavior
- ^ http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/189034-amd-radeon-r9-285-review-the-gcn-1-2-torpedo-that-takes-out-nvidias-gtx-760
- ^ http://hexus.net/tech/reviews/graphics/74033-sapphire-radeon-r9-285-dual-x-oc-28nm-tonga/
- ^ a b c d e f g h http://www.amd.com/en-us/products/graphics/desktop/oem/r5
- ^ http://www.techpowerup.com/199511/amd-launches-radeon-r5-230-in-the-retail-channel-gigabyte-outs-its-offering.html
- ^ http://www.amd.com/en-us/products/graphics/desktop/r5#
- ^ http://www.cpu-world.com/news_2014/2014040401_AMD_Launches_Radeon_R5_230_For_Retail_Market.html
- ^ a b http://www.amd.com/en-us/products/graphics/desktop/r5
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l http://www.amd.com/en-us/products/graphics/desktop/r7
- ^ AnandTech Portal Understanding AMD’s Mantle A Low-Level Graphics API For GCN
- ^ AMD Radeon R7 260 1GB Video Card Review - Legit ReviewsAMD Cuts Bonaire GPU Features To Get The Price To $109
- ^ R7 260X TrueAudio’s First Outing On The Back Of Bonaire - AMD Radeon R9 280X, R9 270X, And R7 260X Old GPUs, New Names
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p http://www.amd.com/en-us/products/graphics/desktop/r9
- ^ AMD Preparing Tahiti XTL Revision of Radeon R9 280X Graphic Card For November Release
- ^ http://hexus.net/tech/reviews/graphics/74033-sapphire-radeon-r9-285-dual-x-oc-28nm-tonga/
- ^ http://hexus.net/tech/reviews/graphics/74033-sapphire-radeon-r9-285-dual-x-oc-28nm-tonga/
- ^ http://www.anandtech.com/show/8460/amd-radeon-r9-285-review/17
- ^ a b AnandTech Portal|The AMD Radeon R9 290X Review
- ^ http://www.kitguru.net/components/graphic-cards/anton-shilov/amd-radeon-r9-295-x2-final-specs-revealed-card-may-not-fit-all-pc-cases/
- ^ Radeon R9 290X Review AMD's Back In Ultra-High-End Gaming - Hawaii A 6.2 Billion Transistor GPU For Gaming "We've also come to learn that AMD changed the double-precision rate from 1/4 to 1/8 on the R9 290X, yielding a maximum .7 TFLOPS. The FirePro version of this configuration will support full-speed (1/2 rate) DP compute, giving professional users an incentive to spring for Hawaii's professional implementation."
- ^ AMD Radeon R9 290 Review Fast And $400, But Is It Consistent - Digging Deeper Into Hawaii’s Behavior
- ^ http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/189034-amd-radeon-r9-285-review-the-gcn-1-2-torpedo-that-takes-out-nvidias-gtx-760
- ^ http://hexus.net/tech/reviews/graphics/74033-sapphire-radeon-r9-285-dual-x-oc-28nm-tonga/
- ^ "RadeonFeature". Xorg.freedesktop.org. Retrieved 2014-07-06.
- ^ "AMD Developer Guideds".
External links[edit]
- TechPowerUp! GPU Database
- AMD Radeon™ R9 Series Graphics
- AMD Radeon™ R7 Series Graphics
- GPU14 Tech Day Public Presentation.pdf
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