ANNINE-6plus
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ANNINE-6plus is a water soluble voltage sensitive dye (also called potentiometric dyes). This compound was developed at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry in Germany.[1] It is used to optically measure the changes in transmember voltage of excitable cells, including neurons, skeletal and cardiac myocytes.
[edit] Voltage sensitivity
ANNINE-6plus has a fractional fluorescent intensity change (ΔF/F per 100 mV change) of about 30% with single-photon excitation (~488 nm) and >50% with two-photon excitation (~1060 nm).
[edit] Applications
ANNINE-6plus has been applied in the microscopic imaging of action potentials of cardiomyocyte in perfused mice heart.[2] Using confocal microscopy in conjunction with ANNINE-6plus, single sweep action potentials with high peak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) have been recorded from single transverse tubule (t-tubule) of a few micrometers in the ventricular cardiomyocyte.
[edit] References
- ^ Peter Fromherz et al. (2008). "ANNINE-6plus, a voltage-sensitive dye with good solubility, strong membrane binding and high sensitivity". European Biophysics Journal 37 (4): 509–514. doi:10.1007/s00249-007-0210-y. PMC 2755735. PMID 17687549. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2755735.
- ^ Guixue Bu et al. (2009). "Uniform action potential repolarization within the sarcolemma of in situ ventricular cardiomyocytes". Biophysical Journal 96 (6): 2532–2546. Bibcode 2009BpJ....96.2532B. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3896. PMC 2907679. PMID 19289075. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2907679.
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