AP5

AP5
IUPAC name 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid
Identifiers
CAS number	76326-31-3 Y
PubChem	135342
ChemSpider	119225 Y
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES O=P(O)(O)CCC[C@@H](N)C(=O)O
InChI InChI=1S/C5H12NO5P/c6-4(5(7)8)2-1-3-12(9,10)11/h4H,1-3,6H2,(H,7,8)(H2,9,10,11)/t4-/m1/s1 Y Key: VOROEQBFPPIACJ-SCSAIBSYSA-N Y InChI=1/C5H12NO5P/c6-4(5(7)8)2-1-3-12(9,10)11/h4H,1-3,6H2,(H,7,8)(H2,9,10,11)/t4-/m1/s1 Key: VOROEQBFPPIACJ-SCSAIBSYBE
Properties
Molecular formula	C5H12NO5P
Molar mass	197.13 g/mol
Appearance	white solid
Density	1.529 g/mL
Boiling point	482.1 °C, 755 K, 900 °F
Solubility in water	Ammonium hydroxide, 50 mg/mL
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

AP5 or APV ((2R)-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid; (2R)-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate) is a selective NMDA receptor antagonist that competitively inhibits the ligand (glutamate) binding site of NMDA receptors.

AP5 blocks the cellular analog of classical conditioning in the sea slug Aplysia californica, and has similar effects on Aplysia long-term potentiation, since NMDA receptors are required for both. It is sometimes used in conjunction with the calcium chelator BAPTA to determine whether NMDARs are required for a particular cellular process.

In general, AP5 is very fast-acting within in vitro preparations, and can block NMDA receptor action at a reasonably small concentration. The active isomer of AP5 is considered to be the D configuration, although many preparations are available as a racemic mixture of D- and L-isomers. It is useful to isolate the action of other glutamate receptors in the brain, i.e., AMPA and kainate receptors.

AP5 can block the conversion of a silent synapse to an active one, since this conversion is NMDA receptor-dependent.

AP5 was developed by Jeff Watkins and Harry Olverman.

See also

• AMPA
• AP7 (drug)
• Kainate

References

• Cellular Analog of Differential Classical Conditioning in Aplysia: Disruption by the NMDA Receptor Antagonist DL-2-Amino-5-Phosphonovalerate

^ Laube, B; Hirai H, Sturgess M, Betz H, and Kuhse J (1997). "Molecular determinants of antagonists discrimination by NMDA receptor subunits: Analysis of the glutamate binding site on the NR2B subunit". Neuron 18 (3): 493–503. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81249-0. PMID 9115742.