Abdülmecid II
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This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2011) |
| Abdülmecid II | |
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| Caliph of Islam
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| Reign | 19 November 1922 – 3 March 1924 |
| Predecessor | Mehmed VI |
| Spouse | Shehsuvar Bash Kadın Efendi Hayrünissa Kadın Efendi Atiyye Mihisti Kadın Efendi Bihruz Kadın Efendi |
| Issue | |
| Prince Şehzade Omer Faruk Efendi Princess Durru Shehvar |
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| Father | Abdülaziz |
| Mother | Hayranıdil Kadınefendi |
| Born | 29 May 1868 Beşiktaş, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 23 August 1944 (aged 76) Paris, France |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Abdülmecid II, (with various alternate spellings, including Abdul Mejid, Aakhir Khalifatul Muslimeen Sultan Abd-ul-Mejid and Abdul Medjit (Turkish: Abdülmecit; Ottoman Turkish: عبد المجید الثانی, Abdâlmecid el-Sâni ) ( 29/30 May 1868 – 23 August/23 September 1944; reigned 19 November 1922 – 3 March 1924)) was the last Caliph of Islam from the Ottoman Dynasty, nominally the 37th Head of the Ottoman Imperial House from 1922 to 1924.
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Biography [edit]
On 29 May 1868, he was born at Dolmabahçe Palace or at Beşiktaş Palace, Beşiktaş, in Istanbul,[1] to then Sultan Abdülaziz and his wife Hayranıdil Kadınefendi. He was educated privately.
On 4 July 1918, his first cousin Mehmed VI became Sultan and Abdul Mejid was named Crown Prince. Following the deposition of his cousin on 1 November 1922 the Sultanate was abolished. But on 19 November 1922, the Crown Prince was elected Caliph by the Turkish National Assembly at Ankara. He established himself in Istanbul[2][3] on 24 November 1922.
On 3 March 1924, together with his family, he was deposed and expelled from Turkey.
Artist [edit]
Abdülmecid was given the title of General in the Ottoman Army, but did not in fact have strong military inclinations, and his more significant role was as Chairman of the Ottoman Artists' Society.
He is considered as one of the most important painters of late period Ottoman art. It is said that his impressive beard was a source of great personal pride.
His paintings of the Harem, showing a modern musical gathering, and of a woman reading Goethe's Faust were displayed at an exhibition of Ottoman paintings in Vienna in 1918. His personal self-portrait can be seen at Istanbul Modern.
Abdülmecid was an avid collector of butterflies, an activity that he occupied himself with during the last 20 years of his life.
Death [edit]
On 23 August 1944, Abdul Mejid II died at his house in the Boulevard Suchet, Paris XVIe, France. His death coincided with the Liberation of Paris from Nazi occupation. He was buried in Medina, Saudi Arabia.
Family [edit]
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This article's section called "Marriages and issue" needs additional citations for verification. (February 2010) |
First marriage and issue [edit]
He married firstly at Istanbul, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, on 22/23 December 1896 to HH Shehsuvar Bash Kadın Efendi (Istanbul, 2 May 1881 – Paris, 1945, buried there at Bobigny Cemetery), and had:
- Prince Şehzade Omer Faruk (Istanbul, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, 27/29 February 1898 – 28 March 1969/1971), married firstly at Yıldız Palace on 29 April 1920 to his cousin Princess Rukiye Sabiha Sultan Kadın (Istanbul, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, 19 March/1 April 1894 – Istanbul, 26 August 1971), and had three daughters, and married secondly in İskenderiye on 31 July 1948 to his cousin Princess Mihriban Mihrishah Sultan Kadın (Istanbul, Beşiktaş, Beşiktaş Palace, 1 June 1916 – Istanbul, 25 January 1987), without issue:
- Princess Fatma Neslişah Osmanoğlu Sultan (Istanbul, Nişantaşı, Nişantaşı Palace, 4 February 1921 – 1 April 2012), married in Heliopolis Palace, Cairo, on 26 September 1940 to her cousin Damat Prince Muhammad Abdel Moneim (Alexandria, Montaza Palace, 20 February 1899 – Istanbul, 1/2 December 1979, buried in Cairo), heir apparent to the throne of Egypt from 1899 to 1914, created HH in 1922, created HRH in 1952, Regent of Egypt from 1952 to 1953, and had issue
- Princess Zehra Hanzade Sultan (Istanbul, Dolmabahçe Palace, 12 September 1923 – Paris, 19 March 1998, buried on 26 March 1998), married in Cairo in September 1940 to Damat Prince Muhammed Ali Ibrahim (Cairo, 29 April 1900 – Paris, 2 July 1977), and had issue:
- Nabila Sabiha Fazila Ibrahim Hanımsultan (b. Neuilly-sur-Seine, 8 August 1941), was the fiance of King Faisal II of Iraq until 1958 when the king was killed. Few years later she married Kheri Oglu, together they had two sons Ali and Saleem
- Nabil Sultanzade Ahmad Rifat Ibrahim (b. 31 August 1942), married on 26 June 1969 to Emine Ushakidil, without issue
- Princess Necla Heybetullah Sultan (Nice, 15 May 1926 – 16 October 2006), married in Cairo in February 1943 to Nabil Amr Ibrahim (Cairo, 18 April 1903 – 1977), and had issue:
- Prince Nabil Sultanzade Osman Rifat Ibrahim Beyefendi (b. 20 May 1951), unmarried and without issue
Second marriage [edit]
He married secondly at Istanbul, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, on 18 June 1902 to Hayrünissa Kadın (Bandırma, 2 March 1876 – Nice, 3 September 1936), without issue
Third marriage and issue [edit]
He married thirdly at Istanbul, Üsküdar, Çamlıca Palace, on 16 April 1912 to Atiyye Mihisti Kadın (Adapazarı, 27 January 1892 – London, Middlesex, 1964), sister of Kamil Bey, and had:
- Princess Hadice Hayriye Ayshe Dürrühsehvar Sultan (Cİstanbul, Üsküdar, Çamlıca Palace, 26 January 1914 – 7 February 2006), married in Nice on 12 November 1931 to Damat Walashan Nawab Sir Mir Himayat Ali Khan Azam Jah Bahadur (22 February 1907 – 9 October 1970), Prince of Berar, son of the last Nizam of Hyderabad India, and had issue
Fourth marriage [edit]
He married fourthly in Istanbul, Üsküdar, Çamlıca Palace, on 21 March 1921 to Bihruz Kadın (İzmit, 24 May 1903 – Istanbul, 1955), without issue
Titles [edit]
- His Imperial Highness (as an Imperial Ottoman Prince from paternal lineage)
- His Imperial Majesty (as Caliph of Islam and Sovereign of the Imperial House of Osman)
- The Commander of the Faithful on Earth
- The Caliph of the Faithful and the servant of Medina and Mecca
References [edit]
- ^ Caroline Finkel, Osman's Dream, (Basic Books, 2005), 57.
- ^ The Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol.7, Edited by Hugh Chisholm, (1911), 3; Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire...
- ^ Britannica, Istanbul:When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital was moved to Ankara.
External links [edit]
Media related to Abdül Mecid II at Wikimedia Commons 
Works written by or about Abdul Mejid II at Wikisource
- Biography of Abdülmecid II Retrieved on 2008-07-23.
- Genealogy of Abdülmecid II Retrieved on 2008-07-23.
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Abdülmecid II
Born: 29 May 1868 Died: 23 August 1944 |
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| Sunni Islam titles | ||
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| Preceded by Mehmed VI |
Caliph of Islam 19 November 1922 – 3 March 1924 |
Vacant |
| Titles in pretence | ||
| Preceded by Mehmed VI |
— TITULAR — Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 19 November 1922 – 23 August 1944 Reason for succession failure: Empire abolished in 1922 |
Succeeded by Ahmed Nihad |
| — TITULAR — Caliph of Islam 3 March 1924 – 23 August 1944 Reason for succession failure: Caliphate abolished in 1924 |
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