Abdul-Qadir Gilani
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| Abdul-Qadir Gilani | |
|---|---|
| Religion | Islam |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1077 CE (Common Era) Amol, Iran |
| Died | 1166 CE Baghdad, Iraq |
| Senior posting | |
| Title | Sheikh, Ghaus-e-Azam |
| Religious career | |
| Works | Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din, etc. |
Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani[1][2] (Kurdish: Evdilqadirê Geylanî, Persian: عبد القادر گیلانی,Urdu: عبد القادر آملی گیلانی Abdolqāder Gilāni) (also spelled Abdulqadir Gaylani, Abdelkader, Abdul Qadir, Abdul Khadir - Jilani, Jeelani, Jilali, Gailani, Gillani, Gilani, Al Gilani) (470–561 AH) (1077–1166 CE) was a Persian[3] Islamic preacher who is highly esteemed by Sunni scholars. Among followers in Pakistan and India, he is also known as Ghaus-e-Azam. He was born on a Wednesday the 10th Rabi al-Thani in 470 AH, 1077 CE[4] south of the Caspian Sea in what is now the Mazandaran Province of Iran.
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[edit] Lineage and biography
Al-Gilani was born in 1078 CE (471 AH)1st of ramadan and passed away 11 rabi usani.
in a small town of Gilan Province.[5][6]
| “ | Sayyid Abu Muhammad Abdul Qadir R.A was born in Naif in the District of Gilan in Persia (Iran) in the month of Ramadan.... His father's name was Abu Salih, a God-fearing man and a direct descendant of Hazrat Imam Hasan R.A., the eldest son of Ali R.A, the Holy Prophet's (SAW) first cousin, and of Fatima R.A his beloved daughter. His mother was the daughter of a saintly person- Abdullah Sawmai who was a direct descendant of Imam Husain R.A, the younger son of Ali R.A and Fatima R.A. Thus Sayyid Abdul Qadir was both a Hasani and Hussaini.[7] | ” |
His complete name al-Sayyid Muhiyudin Abu Muhammad Abdal Qadir al-Jilani al-Hasani wal-Hussaini,[1][2] Sayyid denoting his descent from Muhammad,[8] Muhiyudin the title "Reviver of Religion",[9] al-Jilani his home region,[10][11] although however he also had the epithet al-Baghdadi.[12][13][14] (denoting also the city of Baghdad where he was now residing in and therefore also geographically recognised through, eventually being buried there), and al-Hasani wal-Hussaini affirming his lineal descent from both Hasan ibn Ali and Hussein ibn Ali, the grandsons of Muhammad.[1][15]
His father, Abu Salih Musa al-Hasani[16] was a sayyid.[15][17] He was an acknowledged saint of his day "and was popularly known as Jangi Dost, because of his love for Jihad"[18] Jangidost thereby being his sobriquet[5][19]
His mother Umm al-Khair Fatima,[20] daughter of Sayyid Abdullah Sawmai az-Zaid[15][21] through Zain ul Abideen,[22] was known as a "great saint of his time and a direct descendant of Hazrat Imam Husain, the Great Martyr of Karbala"[23]
[edit] Education
He spent his early life in the town of his birth. At the age of eighteen he went to Baghdad (1095), where he pursued the study of Hanbali law under several teachers. The Shaikh received lessons on Fiqh from Abu Ali al-Mukharrimi, a hadith from Abu Bakr ibn Muzaffar and tafsir from the renowned commentator, Abu Muhammad Ja'far. In tasawwuf, his spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas. From him, he received his basic training, and with his help he set out on a spiritual journey.
After completion of education, Abd al-Qadir Gilani abandoned the city of Baghdad, and spent twenty-five years as a wanderer in the desert regions of Iraq as a recluse.[24]
[edit] Later life
He was over fifty years old by the time he returned to Baghdad in 1127, and began to preach in public. He moved into the school belonging to his old teacher al-Mukharrimii; there he engaged himself in teaching. Soon he became popular with his pupils. In the morning he taught hadith and tafsir, and in the afternoon held discourse on science of the hearts and the virtues of the Qur'an.
He busied himself for forty years in the service of Islam from 521 to 561 AH. During this period hundreds of thousands of people converted to Islam because of him and organized several teams to go abroad for dawah purposes.
He was also the teacher of Ibn Qudamah whom he also designated as a Caliph of his Sufi order. Ibn Qudamah also later fought as a general in Sultan Saladin Ayyubi's army and conquered Jerusalem from the Christian dominance.
[edit] Death
He died on Saturday night 1166 (11 Rabi'us sani 561AH)[25] at the age of ninety one years (by the Islamic calendar), and was entombed in a shrine within his Madrassa in Baghdad.[26][27][28] His Shrine and Mosque are in what used to be the school he preached in, located in Babul-Sheikh, Resafa (East bank of the Tigris) in Baghdad, Iraq. Worldwide the Sufi orders celebrate Ghouse-al-azham day on 11th al-thani closest to his birthday not his death-date for respect and elevation of their Shaykh which is 10th of Rabi at-Thani in the Islamic calendar[25]
Al-Gilani succeeded the spiritual chain of Junayd Baghdadi. His contribution to thought in the Muslim world earned him the title Muhiyuddin (lit. "The reviver of the faith"), as he along with his students and associates laid the groundwork for the society which later produced stalwarts like Nur ad-Din and Saladin.
[edit] Family
The Shaikh had four virtuous wives and forty-nine children, twenty-seven sons and twenty-two daughters.[citation needed] The most famous of his sons are Shaikh Abdul-Wahab, Sheikh Abdul-Razzaq, Shaikh Abdul-Aziz, Shaikh Isa, Shaikh Musa, Sheikh Yahya, Sheikh Abdullah, Sheikh Muhammed and Sheikh Ibrahim. His sons and grandsons reached the Indian sub-continent throughout the years preaching Islam in his method (Arabic=Tareqa,طريقة). As they have reached the Western part of the Arab world of North Africa and Morocco, and parts of the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia (a country that predominantly professes to the Qadiriyyah order only in the Sufi Path though small patches of Ahmed ibn Idris' order is found) ). In Somalia the order is subdivided to Zaylaiyyah order and Uwaisiyyah order.His namaz cap or Kulhe Mubarak is currently with The Family of Syed Jalaluddin Hasan now with his daughters Raees Hasan& Anees Khan. It Ziyarat is done every year.
[edit] Works
Some of Jilani's more well known works include:
- Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth and Religion)
- Al-Fath ar-Rabbani (The Sublime Revelation)available for download (urdu)
- Malfuzat (Utterances)
- Futuh al-Ghaib (Revelations of the Unseen) available for download (urdu) (English)
- Jala' al-Khatir (The Removal of Care)
- Sir Al-Asrar (Secret of Secrets) Available for Purchase in English
[edit] Bibliography
- Utterances of Shaikh Abd al-Qadir al-Jīlānī (Malfūzāt) / transl. from the Arabic by Muhtar Holland Malfūzāt
Author: Muhtar Holland (1935-) Year: 1994, Publisher: Kuala Lumpur : S. Abdul Majeed & Co, ISBN 1-88221-603-2
- Fifteen letters, khamsata ashara maktūban / Shaikh Abd Al-Qādir Al-Jīlānī ; translated from the Persian into Arabic by Alī usāmu ́D-Dīn Al-Muttaqī ; and from Arabic into English by Muhtar Holland, Kamsata ašara maktūban
Author: ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī b. ʿAbd al-Malik al- Muttaqī al-Hindī (ca1480-1567); Muhtar Holland (1935-) Year: c1997 Edition: 1st ed Publisher: Hollywood, Fla : Al-Baz Pub ISBN 1-88221-616-4
- The removal of cares = Jalā Al-Khawātir : a collection of forty-five discoures / Shaikh Abd Al-Qādir Al-Jīlānī ; transl. from the Arabic by Muhtar Holland
Jalā al-Khawātir Author: Muhtar Holland (1935-) Year: c1997 Publisher: Ft. Lauderdale, Fla : Al-Baz Pub Extent: xxiii, 308 p Size: 22 cm ISBN 1-88221-613-X
- The Sultan of the saints : mystical life and teachings of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani / Muhammad Riaz Qadiri
Author: Muhammad Riyaz Qadiri Year: 2000, Publisher: Gujranwala : Abbasi Publications, Size: 22 cm, ISBN 969-851016-8
- The sublime revelation = al-Fath ar-Rabbānī : a collection of sixty-two discourses / Abd al-Qādir al- Jīlānī ; transl. from the Arabic by Muhtar Holland, al-Fath al-Rabbānī
Year: 1998 Edition: 2nd ed, Publisher: Ft. Lauderdale : Al-Baz Publishing, ISBN 1-88221-602-4
- Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth and Religion), (Arabic), Part I, II, Abd Al-Qadir Al-Gaylani, Pub. Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, 1988.
- Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth and Religion)
(Arabic), Introduced by Dr. Majid Irsan Al-Kilani, Pub. Dar Al-Khair, Damascus-Bairut, 2005.
- Encyclopædia Iranica
- Baalarama
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b c Biographical encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East by N. Hanif, 2002, p123
- ^ a b The Sultan of the saints: mystical life and teaching of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani, Muhammad Riyāz Qādrī, 2000, p24
- ^ Philip Khuri Hitti, "Islam, a way of life ", University of Minnesota Press (August 12, 1970). pg 64: "The earliest and most attractive Sufi order was al-Qadiri, named after its founder, the Persian ‘Abd al-Qadir al-Jili (al-Jilani 1077–1166)
- ^ The works of Shaykh Umar Eli of Somalia of al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyyah 1260H
- ^ a b [1]
- ^ History of Multan: from the early period to 1849 A.D. Ashiq Muhammad Khān Durrani, 1991, p31
- ^ The Election of Caliph/Khalifah and World Peace by Khondakar G. Mowla, 1998, p180
- ^ Muslim communities of grace: the Sufi brotherhoods in Islamic religious life by Jamil M. Abun-Nasr, 2007, p94
- ^ Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh by Faid Ahmad, Muhammad Fādil Khān, 1998, p21
- ^ Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics: Volume 1. A - Art. Part 1. A - Algonquins By James Hastings, John A Selbie Published by Adamant Media Corporation, 2001. pg 10:"and he was probably of Persian origin"
- ^ J. Spencer Trimingham, John O. Voll, "The Sufi Orders in Islam", Edition: 2, reprint, illustrated, revised Published by Oxford University Press US, 1998. pg 32: "The Hanbali Qadirriya is also included since 'Abd al-Qadir, of Persian origin was contemporary of the other two
- ^ Devotional Islam and politics in British India: Ahmad Riza Khan Barelwi by Usha Sanyal, 1996, p144
- ^ Cultural and Religious Heritage of India: Islam by Suresh K. Sharma, Usha Sharma, 2004, p321
- ^ Indo-iranicaIran Society (Calcutta, India) 1985, p7
- ^ a b c The Election of Caliph/Khalifah and World Peace by Khondakar G. Mowla, 1998, p176
- ^ Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan by Ludwig W. Adamec, 1975, p177
- ^ The Sultan of the saints: mystical life and teaching of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani, Muhammad Riyāz Qādrī, 2000, p19
- ^ Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh by Faid Ahmad, Muhammad Fādil Khān, 1997, p27
- ^ Encyclopaedia of Sufism, Volume 1 By Masood Ali Khan, S. Ram
- ^ Hadrat Sultan Bahu: life and work Sayyid Ahmad Saīd Hamdānī, 2001, p66
- ^ Mystical discourses of Ghaus-e-Azam Hazrat Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir JilaniMuhammad Riyāz Qādrī 2002, p66
- ^ Biographical encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East by N. Hanif, p123
- ^ Ghous ul Azam Dastgir: by Abdul Azīz Urfī, 1973, p2
- ^ Abd-al-Haqq, Akbar, p.11
- ^ a b The works of Shaykh Umar Eli of Somalia of al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyyah
- ^ Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth and Religion), (Arabic), PartI,II, Abd Al-Qadir Al-Gilani, Pub. Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, 1988. ,Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth and Religion) (Arabic), Introduced by Dr. Majid Irsan Al-Kilani, Pub. Dar Al-Khair, Damascus-Bairut, 2005
- ^ Majid 'Ursan al-Kilani, Nash'at al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyah
- ^ The Qadirya Shrine, Baghdad (PDF)
[edit] External links
- 160 Names and Titles of 'Abdu-l Qadir al-Jilani
- Website dedicated to Shaikh Muhyi'din 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani
- Dedicated to his lineage, life, works and progeny
- Website regarding Shaykh Abdul-Qadri al-Gilani and his descendants.
- Website dedicated to the Lovers & Followers of the Great Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani
- A web site links related to Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani
- [2][3][4] Excerpts/Books by Abdul Qadir Jilani
