Academy of Persian Language and Literature
Iran's Academy of Persian Language and Literature (Persian: فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی, pronounced [færhæŋɡestɒːn e zæbɒːn væ ædæb e fɒːrsiː]) is a body controlled by the Iranian government presiding over the use of the Persian language in Iran and other Persian speaking countries. The academy members are academics of Persian literature and linguistics from 
Iran, 
Tajikistan, 
Afghanistan, and 
Uzbekistan.
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[edit] History
The academy was founded in 1935. Mohammad Ali Foroughi and Ali Asghar Hekmat were the main founders of the academy.
Memorable names, notable literary figures and highly celebrated scholars were the members of the academy upon its foundation,[1] such as:
- Abbas Eqbal Ashtiani
- Abdolazim Gharib
- Ahmad Matin-Daftari
- Ali Akbar Dehkhoda
- Ali Akbar Siyasi
- Ali Asghar Hekmat
- Badiozzaman Forouzanfar
- Ebrahim Poordavood
- Homayun Foruzanfar
- Isa Sadiq
- Mahmoud Hessaby
- Mohammad Ali Foroughi
- Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh
- Mohammad Ghazvini
- Mohammad Hejazi
- Mohammad Taghi Bahar
- Qasem Ghani
- Rashid Yasemi
- Said Nafisi
- Zabihollah Safa
--Some international scholars were also involved, such as:[2]
- Arthur Christensen from
Denmark - Henry Masset from
France - Hussain Haykal from
Egypt - Raf'at Pasha from Egypt
- Professor Jan Rypka from
Czechoslovakia - Professor Muhammad-jan Shakuri from
Tajikistan
[edit] First Farhangestan
[edit] Second Farhangestan
[edit] Third Farhangestan
[edit] Aims and activities
The Academy's main activity has been creating and approving official Persian equivalents for the foreign general or technical terms. It has also created an official orthography of the Persian language, titled Dastur-e Xatt-e Fârsi (Persian Script Orthography). The academy also promotes research on Persian language and literature, other Iranian languages, Persian heritage, Iranian Studies and Iranian culture.
Iranian law requires those equivalents to be used in all official communications of government bodies and government-owned companies, and in product names of all private companies.
[edit] Membership
Academy's presidents to this day have been Hassan Habibi (a previous first vice president) and Gholam Ali Haddad-Adel (the present Speaker of Parliament).
The academy members (permanent and associated) are selected from Masters of Persian literature and linguistics from Iran and other Persian speaking countries throughout the world as Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. Up to 10 permanent chairs (out of 25 permanent chairs) have been devoted to non-Iranian nationals.
[edit] Permanent Members[3]
[edit] Iranian
- Abdol Mohammad Ayati
- Hassan Anvari
- Nasrollah Pourjavadi
- Yadollah Samareh
- Hassan Habibi
- Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel
- Bahaoddin Khorramshahi
- Mohammad Dabirmoghaddam
- Ali Roaghi
- Bahman Sarkarati
- Esmaeil Sa'dat
- Ahmad Samiei Gilani
- Ali-Ashraf Sadeghi
- Mahmood Abedi
- Kamran Fani
- Badrolzaman Gharib
- Fatollah Mojtabaei
- Mehdi Mohaghegh
- Houshang Moradi Kermani
- Hassan Masoumi Hamedani
- Mohhamad Ali Movahhed
- Abolhassan Najafi
- Salim Neysari
- Mohammad Jafar Yahaghi
[edit] other
- Muhammadjon Shakuri - Tajikistan
- Fazlollah Qodsi -
Afghanistan - Gholam Sarvar Homayoun - Afghanistan
- Mohammad Hossein Yamin - Afghanistan
[edit] Deceased Members
- Qeysar Aminpour
- Ahmad Aram
- Ahmad Tafazzoli
- Javad Hadidi
- Mohammad Khansari
- Mohammad-Taghi Daneshpajouh
- Hamid Farzam
- Mohammad Mohit Tabatabaei
- Mostafa Mogharebi
- Abdolghader Meniasov - Tajikistan
[edit] Announcement of the Academy about the English name of Persian language
November 19, 2005 - The Academy of the Persian Language and Literature has delivered a pronouncement on the English name of Persian language and rejected any usage of the word "Farsi" instead of Persian(en) / Persa(es) / Persane(fr) / Persisch(de) in the Western languages. The announcement reads:
- "Persian" has been used in a variety of publications including cultural, scientific and diplomatic documents for centuries and, therefore, it carries a very significant historical and cultural meaning. Hence, changing "Persian" to "Farsi" would negate this established important precedent.
- Changing the usage from "Persian" to "Farsi" may give the impression that Farsi is a new language, although this may well be the intention of some users of "Farsi".
- Changing the usage may also give the impression that Farsi is a dialect used in some parts of Iran rather than the predominant (and official) language of the country.
- The word "Farsi" has never been used in any research paper or university document in any Western language, and the proposal to begin using it would create doubt and ambiguity about the name of the official language of Iran.
Supporting this announcement, gradually other institutions and literary figures separately took similar actions throughout the world.[4][5][6][7] [8]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ 71st anniversary of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (BBC Persian)
- ^ Gozaresh-e Farhangestan Vadzeh, Tehran SH.1317 / 1938
- ^ "فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی". Persianacademy.ir. http://www.persianacademy.ir/fa/association.aspx. Retrieved 2011-12-23.
- ^ "Persian or Farsi?". Iranian.com. 1997-12-16. http://www.iranian.com/Features/Dec97/Persian/. Retrieved 2011-12-23.
- ^ "Fársi:''recently appeared language!''". Persiandirect.com. http://www.persiandirect.com/articles/2004/july/id_00003.htm. Retrieved 2011-12-23.
- ^ "Persian or Fársi?". Persiandirect.com. http://www.persiandirect.com/articles/2004/july/id_00001.htm. Retrieved 2011-12-23.
- ^ "Announcement of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature about the name of Persian language". Heritage.chn.ir. 2005-11-19. http://heritage.chn.ir/en/Article/?id=88. Retrieved 2011-12-23.
- ^ Samī‘ī Gīlānī, Aḥmad, ed. (Spring 1995). "متنِ اعلامِ نظرِ شورای فرهنگستانِ زبان و ادبِ فارسی دربارهی کاربردِ Farsi به جای Persian در مکاتباتِ وزارتِ امورِ خارجه" (in Persian) (PDF). Nāme-ye Farhangestān [The Quarterly Journal of The Academy of Persian Language and Literature] (Tehran) 1 (1): 152. http://www.persianacademy.ir/UserFiles/image/naame01.pdf.
