Adelaide Hall

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Adelaide Hall
Adelaide Hall 01.jpg
Adelaide Hall
Background information
Birth name Adelaide Louise Hall
Born (1901-10-20)20 October 1901
Origin Brooklyn, New York, United States
Died 7 November 1993(1993-11-07) (aged 92)
Genres Jazz, Swing, Traditional Pop, Spirituals, Musical Theatre
Occupations Singer, actress, dancer, nightclub chanteuse
Instruments ukulele, acoustic guitar
Years active 1921 - 1993

Adelaide Louise Hall (20 October 1901 – 7 November 1993) was an American-born U.K.-based jazz singer and entertainer.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Adelaide was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Elizabeth and Arthur William Hall and was taught to sing by her father. She began her stage career in 1921 on Broadway in the chorus line of the Broadway musical Shuffle Along[7][8][9][10][11][12] and went on to appear in a number of similar black musical shows including Runnin' Wild[13] on Broadway in 1923, Chocolate Kiddies in 1925 (European tour) that included songs written by Duke Ellington,[14][15] My Magnolia on Broadway in 1926,[16] Tan Town Topics with songs written by Fats Waller[17][18] and in Desires of 1927 (American tour in 1927).[19][20]

Contents

Marriage, 1924 [edit]

In 1924, Adelaide married a British sailor born in Trinidad, Bertram Errol Hicks. Soon after their marriage he opened a short-lived club in Harlem, New York, called The Big Apple and became Adelaide's official business manager.[21]

Adelaide Hall and Duke Ellington [edit]

In October, 1927, Adelaide recorded her wordless vocals on "Creole Love Call", "The Blues I Love To Sing" and "Chicago Stomp Down" with Duke Ellington and his Orchestra.[22] The recordings were worldwide hits and catapulted both Adelaide's and Ellington's careers into the mainstream.[23][24] On 4 December 1927, Duke Ellington and his Orchestra commenced their residency at Harlem's Cotton Club in a revue called 'Rhythmania'. The show featured Adelaide singing 'Creole Love Call'.[25] On January 7, 1933, Adelaide and Duke Ellington and his Famous Orchestra recorded "I Must Have That Man" and "Baby".[26]

Blackbirds of 1928 [edit]

In 1928, Adelaide starred on Broadway with Bill "Bojangles" Robinson[27] in Blackbirds of 1928.[28][29] The show became the most successful all-black show ever staged on Broadway at that time and made Adelaide and Bojangles into household names.[30] Blackbirds of 1928 was the idea of impresario Lew Leslie, who planned to build the show around Florence Mills in New York after her success in the hit show Blackbirds in London in 1926, but she died of pneumonia in 1927 before rehearsals started. Adelaide was chosen to replace her. The revue originally opened at Les Ambassadeurs Club in New York in January, 1928, under the title Blackbird Revue, but in May 1928 it transferred to Broadway's Liberty Theatre (New York City) [31] and was re-titled Blackbirds of 1928, where it ran for 518 performances. After a slow start, the show became the hit of the season. Adelaide's performance of Diga Diga Do, created a sensation. Her mother was so incensed when she went to see the show by her daughter doing what she termed risqué dance moves, she tried to stop the show during Adelaide's performance.[32] It was this musical that secured Adelaide's success both in the U.S.A. and in Europe when the production was taken to Paris, France, in 1929, where it ran for three months at the Moulin Rouge.[33][34] In Europe Adelaide rivalled Josephine Baker for popularity on the European stage.[35] With music by Jimmy McHugh and lyrics by Dorothy Fields, Adelaide's performances in it included the hit songs "I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby", "Diga Diga Do",[36] and "I Must Have That Man", which continued to be audience favourites throughout her career.

1930 - Brown Buddies [edit]

In 1930, Adelaide and Bojangles starred together at New York's Palace Theatre on Broadway for one week.[37][38][39] So successful was Adelaide Hall's collaboration with Bojangles, in 1930 they were teamed up together again, this time by Marty Forkins (Bojangles manager) to star in another Broadway musical titled, Brown Buddies [40] that opened on Broadway at the Liberty Theatre (New York City),[31] where it ran for four months before commencing a road tour of the States.[41] Dubbed by the press as - 'a musical comedy in sepia' - the core of the music was composed by Millard Thomas, but also featured songs composed by Shelton Brooks, Ned Reed, Porter Grainger, J. C. Johnson, J. Rosamund Johnson, George A. Little, Arthur Sizemore and Edward G. Nelson. After an out of town tryout, the musical opened on 7 October at the Liberty Theatre (New York City) and ran a fairly solid run of 111 performances until 10 January 1931.[42]

1931/32 World Concert Tour [edit]

In 1931, Adelaide embarked on a World Concert Tour that visited two continents (America and Europe). The tour was estimated to have performed to over one million people. During the tour she appeared four times at New York's Palace Theatre (Broadway).[43] She was accompanied on stage by two pianists who played white grand pianos. It was during this tour that Adelaide discovered and employed the blind pianist Art Tatum, whom she brought back to New York with her at the end of the tour.[44][45][46][47] In August 1932, Adelaide recorded "Strange as it Seems", "I'll Never Be The Same", "This Time it's Love" and "You Gave Me Everything but Love" using Art Tatum as one of her pianists on the recordings.[48][49][50]

1933 American Tour [edit]

ADELAIDE HALL TO TOUR THE COAST (Pittsburgh Courier headline) July 22, 1933

Her itinerary included all the principal cities and lasted thirty weeks [51]

1933 World Fair City, Chicago [edit]

Extract from the Pittsburgh Courier, Aug 19, 1933

Miss Adelaide Hall Captures The World Fair City and They Like It

'Miss Adelaide Hall, the darling girl with the guitar and the mellifluent voice, again stole into the callous hearts of an analytical public at the Regal theater last week. She charmed them with her voice, her poise aand beauty. She has a style of singing "Stormy Weather" all her own. Chicago belonged to Adelaide for one whole week. And her Majesty Feigned supreme, Jules Bledsoe.'[52]

1933 Stormy Weather Revue [edit]

'STORMY WEATHER' REVUE starring ADELAIDE HALL

NEW YORK, November 29,1933. 'Although crippled from a fall into a manhole while appearing in Boston the week previous to her New York engagement, Adelaide Hall, scintillating star of the 'Stormy Weather' revue, limps across the stage ahead of an array of stars, which go far to label this revue, about the finest to grace the boards.'[53]

1934 Apollo Theatre, Harlem - 'Chocolate Soldiers' Revue [edit]

'CHOCOLATE SOLDIERS' opens at the new Apollo Theatre, Harlem, starring ADELAIDE HALL

Harlem, New York, February 14, 1934: “Chocolate Soldiers,” a production featuring Adelaide Hall and the Sam Wooding Orchestra, opened at the Apollo Theatre in Harlem. The show was produced by Clarence Robinson and garnered great attention and acclaim [54] and helped establish the recently opened Apollo as Harlem's premier theatre.

The Cotton Club Parade, 1934 [edit]

In 1934 Adelaide starred for nine months in The Cotton Club Parade 24th Edition, at Harlem's Cotton Club (New York City)[55] in the largest grossing show that was ever staged there.[56][57][58] In the show she introduced the songs "Ill Wind"[59] and "As Long As I Live", which Harold Arlen and Ted Koehler wrote especially for her.[60][61][62][63]

European career 1935/38 [edit]

Adelaide arrived in Paris, France, in the fall of 1935 [64] and remained living there until 1938. Her husband Bert opened a nightclub for her in Paris called "La Grosse Pomme" where she frequently entertained.[65][66] The Quintette du Hot Club de France, starring Django Reinhardt and Stephane Grappelli, were one of the house bands at the club. At the start of 1936, Adelaide starred in the Black and White Revue. The show of fifty performers opened in Paris, France. In February, 1936, the production travelled to Switzerland for a tour. The revue was produced by Ralph Clayton, staged by Arthur Bradley and choreographed by ballet master Albert Gaubier and the orchestra was directed by Henry Crowder.[67][68]

British career 1938/93 [edit]

After many years performing in the U.S.A. and Europe, Hall went to the United Kingdom in 1938 [69] in order to take a starring role in a musical version of Edgar Wallace's The Sun Never Sets at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane.[70][71][72] She was so successful, and became so popular with British audiences, she stayed and made her home there, becoming one of the most popular singers and entertainers of the time. She lived in London from 1938 until her death. On the 28 August 1938, Adelaide recorded 'I Can't Give You Anything but Love' and 'That Old Feeling'[73] with Fats Waller at London's Abbey Road Studios released on HMV Records OEA6391 and on September 10, 1938, appeared in Broadcast To America with Fats Waller at London's St George's Hall in a live transatlantic radio broadcast.[74][75][76]

Hall's career was almost an uninterrupted success. She made over seventy records for Decca,[77] had her own radio series (the first black artist to have a long-term contract with the BBC), and appeared on the stage, in films, and in nightclubs (of which she owned her own, in New York, London and Paris).[78] In the 1940s, and especially during World War II, she was hugely popular with both civilian and ENSA audiences[79][80] and became one of the highest paid entertainers in the country (despite the destruction in an air raid of the London nightclub owned by her and her husband, the Florida Club).[81] Hall has a cameo appearance as a singer in the 1940 Oscar-winning movie The Thief of Bagdad.[71][82][83][84][85]

On 6 June 1944, Adelaide's recording of There Goes That Song Again entered the BBC British Record Chart at number 15.[86]

Adelaide Hall appears in the earliest post-war BBC telerecording; a record of her performance at RadiOlympia in October 1947.[87]

In 1948, Adelaide appeared in a film called A World is Turning, intended to highlight the contribution of black men and women to British society at a time when they were struggling for visibility on our screens. Filming appears to have been halted due to the director's illness and only six reels of rushes remain, including scenes of Hall rehearsing songs such as "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot"[88] and "The Gospel Train" [89] (a traditional African-American spiritual first published in 1872 as one of the songs of the Fisk Jubilee Singers).

In 1951, Adelaide appeared as a guest in the music spot on the first ever British comedy series titled, How Do You View, starring Terry-Thomas and written by Sid Colin and Talbot Rothwell.[90][91] On 29 October 1951, Adelaide appeared on the bill of the Royal Variety Performance at London's Victoria Palace Theatre held in the presence of Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret.[92] In the early 1950's, Adelaide and her husband Bert opened the Calypso Club in Regent Street, London, where Royalty flocked.[93] It was reported in the press Princess Elizabeth was a frequent visitor and that Adelaide had taught Princess Elizabeth the Charleston (dance).[94]

During an extremely long career spanning eight decades (Adelaide entered the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's most enduring recording artist),[95] Hall has performed with major artists such as Art Tatum[96] Ethel Waters, Josephine Baker, Louis Armstrong, Lena Horne, Cab Calloway, Fela Sowande[97] and Jools Holland, and has recorded as a jazz singer with Duke Ellington (with whom she made her most famous recording, "Creole Love Call" in 1927)[98] and with Fats Waller.[7][99]

Adelaide appeared in the 1951 London run of Kiss Me, Kate playing the role of 'Hattie', singing Cole Porter's Another Op'nin', Another Show and in the 1952 London musical Love From Judy playing the role of 'Butterfly', singing A Touch of Voodoo, Kind to Animals and Ain't Gonna Marry.[100] In 1957, at the request of Lena Horne, Adelaide returned to America to appear with Lena in the musical Jamaica. The world premiere of Jamaica took place in Philadelphia in September, 1957 [101] and transferred to Broadway on 31 October. In 1958, Adelaide was cast as one of the lead characters in Rodgers and Hammerstein's new musical Flower Drum Song,[102] but she left the cast before the musical opened and returned to the U.K.[citation needed]

On 3 March 1965, Adelaide appeared on BBC2 television in Muses with Milligan with Spike Milligan and John Betjeman in a show devoted to poetry and jazz.[103][104]

In 1969–70, Adelaide made two jazz recordings with Humphrey Lyttelton. This was followed by theatre tours and concert appearances; she sang at Duke Ellington's memorial service at St Martin-in-the-Fields in 1974. On 4 January 1974, Adelaide appeared on the British TV shows Looks Familiar[105] and What Is Jazz, with Humphrey Lyttelton.[106] On 15 June 1976, Adelaide appeared on British TV in It Don't Mean a Thing.[107] and in 1981 appeared on the Michael Parkinson BBC TV show Parkinson.[108] In 1983, Adelaide appeared in the TV documentary The Sacred music of Duke Ellington, a recording of a live concert of sacred music by Duke Ellington held in St. Paul's Cathedral. Artists also taking part included Tony Bennett, Phyllis Hyman, Jacques Loussier and Wayne Sleep with the New Swingle Singers.[109]

In 1985, Adelaide appeared on British TV in the cast of, Omnibus: The Cotton Club comes to the Ritz, a TV documentary in which some of the performers from Harlem's Cotton Club perform at the Ritz Hotel in London with contemporary musicians.[110]

In October 1988, Adelaide presented a one-woman show at Carnegie Hall.[111] She is one of the very few performers to have made two guest appearances (2 December 1972[112] and 13 January 1991[113]) on the BBC's radio programme Desert Island Discs, BBC Radio 4.[114]

In 1990, Adelaide starred in the movie titled Sophisticated Lady, a documentary about the singer with a performance of her in concert recorded live at the Riverside Studios in London.[115] Adelaide's final U.S. concert appearances took place in 1992 at Carnegie Hall, in the Cabaret Comes to Carnegie series.

Adelaide Hall died in 1993, aged 92, at London's Charing Cross Hospital.,[116][117][118][119]

Legacy [edit]

Adelaide Hall was one of the major entertainers of the Harlem Renaissance.[120] Along with Louis Armstrong, she pioneered scat singing and is widely acknowledged as one of the world’s first jazz singers. Indeed, Ella Fitzgerald regarded her as such.[5] Adelaide Hall was the first female vocalist to sing and record with Duke Ellington. She holds the accolade of being the twentieth century's most enduring female recording artist, her recording career having spanned eight decades. In 1941, Hall replaced Gracie Field's as Britain's highest paid female entertainer.[5] Adelaide Hall was loosely portrayed as the nightclub chanteuse in the Francis Ford Coppola 1984 movie The Cotton Club. It was Adelaide's husband, Bert Hick's, who suggested to Eric Bartholomew's mother that he should change his stage name to Morecambe, after the place of her son's birth, thereby christening the British comic duo Morecambe and Wise.[121]

Underneath a Harlem Moon [edit]

2013

During 2013, the biography of Adelaide Hall written by Iain Cameron Williams and published worldwide in 2003 titled, ‘Underneath a Harlem Moon ... the Harlem to Paris Years of Adelaide Hall’, [122] attracted a new generation of readers after British singer Laura Mvula revealed her song ‘Sing to the Moon’ (from her hit album ‘Sing to the Moon’ RCA/Sony Music) was inspired by Williams’ book. [123]

Laura Mvula quote taken from her Blues and Soul interview with assistant editor Pete Lewis: LAURA - “Well, the actual song “Sing To The Moon” came from a time when I was reading a book called “Underneath a Harlem Moon”, which is a biography of a jazz singer called Adelaide Hall, which is basically all about how she kind of was overlooked, or probably didn’t get the recognition she perhaps deserved. Plus it also talks about how she’d had a hard time growing up, because her sister - who she was very close to - had died tragically of an illness... So anyway, there’s a point in the story where she describes her close relationship with her father, which I think kind of resonated with me - where she talks about the conversations she had with him and how he used to say to her randomly ‘Sing to the moon and the stars will shine’, which kind of became her thing really that she just took with her everywhere ... And I don’t know why, but for some reason it just struck some kind of chord with me - you know, it was just something I seemed to connect with at that time. And so because of that, it then became a saying that I liked to use myself ... So yeah, because it’s become something I personally like to express, I just thought “Sing To The Moon” would also make a good title for the album as a whole.” [124]

Discography [edit]

1927 - 1938 [edit]

Adelaide Hall recordings (78s) from 1927 - 1938:

Songs Label & Number Date Artist
Creole Love Call / The Blues I Love to Sing BVE-39370-1 [125]/ BVE-39371-1 [126] Victor Records (26 Oct. 1927) (Recorded Victor Studio #1, Camden, NJ )[127] Duke Ellington Orchestra (with vocals by Adelaide Hall)
I Must Have That Man / Baby BVE-Test-110 [128]/ BVE-Test-111 [129] (21 June 1928) (Recorded in New York) Adelaide Hall with piano acc. by George Rickman
Chicago Stomp Down W81777-A / W81777-B / W81777-C Columbia Records (3 Nov. 1927) (Recorded OKeh session, Union Square, New York City)[130] Duke Ellington Orchestra (with vocals by Adelaide Hall)
I Must Have That Man / Baby E-28059 / E-28060 Brunswick 4031 (14 Aug. 1928) (Recorded in New York) Adelaide Hall acc. by Lew Leslie’s Blackbirds Orchestra
Rhapsody In Love / Minnie The Moocher R-218 / R-221 Brunswick Oct. 1931) (Recorded in London, UK) Adelaide Hall with piano acc. by Francis J. Carter and Bennie Paine
Too Darn Fickle / I Got Rhythm R-225 / R-229 (Oct. 1931) (Recorded in London, UK) Adelaide Hall with piano acc. by Francis J. Carter and Bennie Paine
Baby Mine / I'm Redhot From Harlem R-230 / R-232 (Oct. 1931) (Recorded in London, UK) Adelaide Hall with piano acc. by Francis J. Carter and Bennie Paine
Strange As It Seems / I’ll Never Be The Same Br 6373 / Br6362 Brunswick (5 Aug. 1932) (Recorded in New York) Adelaide Hall with orchestra acc.
You Gave Me Everything but Love / This Time It’s Love B-12166-A / B-12167-A Brunswick (10 Aug. 1932) (Recorded in New York) Adelaide Hall with piano acc. by Francis J. Carter and Art Tatum
I Must Have That Man / Baby B-12773-B / B-12774-B CBS (21 Dec. 1932) (Recorded ARC session, New York City) Adelaide Hall with Duke Ellington and his Famous Orchestra
I Must Have That Man / Baby B-12773-C / B-12774-C Brunswick (7 Jan. 1933) (Recorded Arc session, New York City)[131] Adelaide Hall with Duke Ellington and his Famous Orchestra
Drop Me Off In Harlem / Reaching For The Cotton Moon BS-78827-1-2 / BS-78828-1-2-3 Victor (4 Dec. 1933) Adelaide Hall with Mills Blue Rhythm Band
That Old Feeling / I Can't Give You Anything but Love HMV (EMI Records) (28 Aug. 1938) (Recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London, UK) Adelaide Hall with organ acc. by Fats Waller

The Decca Years 1939 - 1945 [edit]

Adelaide Hall Decca recordings (78s) from 1939 - 1945:

Songs Label & Number Release Date
”I Have Eyes” / “I Promise You” Decca F-7049 (27 April 1939)
”Deep Purple” / “Solitude” Decca F-7083 (15 May 1939)
“A New Moon and an Old Serenade” / “Our Love” Decca F-7095 (6 June 1939)
”Don’t Worry ‘Bout Me” / “‘Tain’t What You Do” Decca F-7121 (23 June 1939)
“Transatlantic Lullaby” / “I Get Along Without You Very Well” Decca F-7132 (26 July 1939)
“Moon Love” / “Yours For a Song” Decca F-7272 (17 Oct. 1939)
”Day In, Day Out“/ “I Poured My Heart Into a Song” Decca F-7304 (8 Nov.1939)
“My Heart Belongs to Daddy” / “Have You Met Miss Jones”? Decca F-7305 (8 Nov. 1939)
”Serenade In Love” / “Fare Thee Well” Decca F-7340 (27 Dec. 1939)
”Where or When” / “The Lady is a Tramp” Decca F-7345 (19 Jan 1940)
”Careless” / “Don’t Make Me Laugh” Decca F-7340 (11 Mar.1940)
”Chloe” / “Begin the Beguine” Decca F-7460 (15 April 1940)
”This Can’t be Love” / “No Souvenirs” Decca F-7501 (3 May 1940)
”Who Told You I Cared”? / “Shake Down the Stars” Decca F-7522 (31 May 1940)
”Mist On The River” / “Fools Rush In” Decca F-7583 (15 Aug.1940)
”All The Things You Are” / “I Wanna Be Loved” Decca F-7636 (9 Oct.1940)
”Goodnight Again” / “Trade Winds” Decca F-7678 (12 Dec.1940)
”Our Love Affair” / “And So Do I” Decca F-7681 (12 Dec.1940)
”Moon For Sale” / “Yesterday’s Dreams” Decca F-7708 (7 Feb.1941)
”Ain’t it a Shame About Mame”? / “Room Five Hundred and Four” Decca F-7709 (7 Feb.1941)
”It’s Always You” / “How Did He Look”? Decca F-7879 (23 May 1941)
”Yes, My Darling Daughter” / “The Things I Love” Decca F-7891 (23 May 1941)
”I Hear A Rhapsody” / ”Mississippi Mama” Decca F-7918 (3 July 1941)
“I Yi, Yi, Yi, Yi (I Like You Very Much)” / “Moonlight in Mexico” Decca F-7942 (7 Aug.1941)
”As If You Didn’t Know” / “I Take To You” Decca F-8030 (5 Nov.1941)
”Minnie From Trinidad” / “Sand in my Shoes” Decca F-8031 (5 Nov.1941)
”Song of the Islands” / “Pagan Love Song” Decca F-8058 (7 Nov.1941)
”I Don’t Want to Set the World on Fire” / “My Sister and I” Decca F-8043 (18 Nov.1941)
”A Sinner Kissed an Angel” / “Why Don’t We Do This More Often”? Decca F-8092 (2 Feb.1942)
”Tropical Magic” / “Intermezzo” Decca F-8118 (2 Feb.1942)
”My Devotion” / “Sharing it all With You” Decca F-8263 (Jan. 1943)
”Let’s Get Lost” / “As Time Goes By” Decca F-8292 (1943)
”I Don’t Want Anybody at All (If I Can’t Have You)” / “I Heard You Cried Last Night” Decca F-8362 (6 Sept.1943)
”Sophisticated Lady” / “I’m getting Sentimental Over You” Decca F-8467 (4 Aug. 1944)
“There Goes That Song Again” / ”I’m Gonna Love That Guy” Decca F-8517 (3 Mar. 1945)

Columbia (EMI) - 1951 [edit]

'Adelaide Hall recordings with Columbia Gramophone Co. in 1951:

Songs Label & Number Date Artist
Can't Help Loving That Man Of Mine / Bill Columbia Gramophone Co. (EMI Records) (11 July 1951) (Recorded in London, UK) Adelaide Hall
How Many Times / Vanity Columbia Gramophone Co. (EMI Records) (11 July 1951) (Recorded in London, UK) Adelaide Hall

Albums [edit]

Adelaide Hall:[132]

Year Title Label ASIN
1970 Hall of Fame Columbia B00BTZHK44
1976 Hall of Ellington Columbia B00BTZ9RPE
1980 There Goes That Song Again Decca – RFL73
1998 As Time Goes By Happy Days B000025W0L
1990 I Touched a Star Toro B0057POL5S
1990 Hall of Memories Conifer Records B003BFC94Q
1992 Hall of Fame (reissue) Living Era B000001HH1
1992 Crooning Blackbird Jazz Archives B000027ZPN
1994 Adelaide Hall - Red Hot from Harlem Flapper B000008B4V
2002 A Centenary Celebration Avid B00005RTCY
2008 Adelaide Hall – Live at the Riverside Studios (soundtrack) TER / That's Entertainment B000003QU1
2011 Shooting High Cherished Recordings B006P6I5EQ
2011 The Enduring Charm of Adelaide Hall: Original Recordings 1927-1944 Bygone Days B005T1YAOW
2012 The Adelaide Hall Collection 1927 – 1960 Acrobat B009H43URU

Compilation Albums [edit]

Compilation Albums that include Adelaide Hall:[132]

  • Jamaica Original Cast Recording (1957)
  • Lew Leslie’s Blackbirds of 1928 (1968)
  • Duke Ellington 1927 – 1934 (1987)
  • The Okeh Ellington (1991)
  • Cole Porter Centennial Gala Concert (1991)
  • Fats Waller in London (1991)
  • Prewar Vocal Jazz Story 1923 – 1945 (1996)
  • Moulin Rouge: Original music and songs (1996)
  • Ladies of Jazz (1997)
  • Duke Ellington 100 Anniversaire (1999)
  • Sentimental Jazz (2000)
  • Ladies of Jazz (volume 3) (2001)
  • Ebony Rhapsody: The Great Ellington Vocalists (2001)
  • Art Tatum Complete American Decca Recordings (2002)
  • Bluebird’s Nest: Jazz Caravan (2002)
  • The Duke Steps Out (2004)
  • Love From Judy (original cast recordings) (2004)
  • Mrs. Clinkscales to the Cotton Club (Vol 1) (2005)
  • Jazz in the Charts (Volume 7) 1928 (2006)
  • Harlem Heat – Mills Blues Rhythm Band (2006)
  • Cotton Club Stomp (2007)
  • Women With Attitude (2008)
  • Remembering the 40’s (2009)
  • Joe Loss and his Band – Let’s Dance at the Make Believe Ballroom (2010)
  • Hits of the Forties (Volume 3) (2010)
  • Blackbirds of 1928 (2011)
  • Famous Blackbird Revues (2011)
  • Fats Waller Memorial Album (2011)
  • Fats Waller: On-Air Sessions 1938 (2012)

Films [edit]

  • Son of Satan (1924)
  • Dancers in the Dark (1932) (role singer, Gloria Bishop – singing voice used but uncredited)
  • All-Coloured Vaudeville Show (1935)
  • The Thief of Bagdad (1940)
  • Night and the City (1959) (role – singer – the scenes were deleted from the final edit)
  • Brown Sugar (American TV mini series) (1986)
  • Sophisticated Lady (1989) (documentary about Adelaide Hall)
  • Adelaide Hall - Live at the Riverside (1989) (Adelaide Hall in concert)

Exhibitions [edit]

Exhibitions that have or are presently featuring content relating to Adelaide Hall:

  • Women and War – Imperial War Museum, London (2003 – 2004) [133][134][135]
  • Little Black Dress - Brighton Museum and Art Gallery, Brighton (2007) [136][137]
  • Devotional - National Portrait Gallery, London (2007) [138][139]
  • Little Black Dress – London Fashion Museum, London (2008) [140]
  • Keep Smiling Through: Black Londoners on the Home Front 1939-1945 - The Cuming Museum, London (2008) [141][142][143][144]
  • Jazzonia and the Harlem Diaspora – Chelsea Space, London (2009) [145][146]
  • The Living Archive Exhibition - The London Palladium (opened 2009 - on permanent display) The collection throws a spotlight on 100 years of black performers at the Palladium, such as Adelaide Hall, the Harlem Renaissance star who made her London debut at the venue in 1931. [147]
  • Oh! Adelaide - Art installation - Wimbledon Space, Wimbledon College of Art, London (2010) [148][149][150]
  • There is no Archive in which Nothing Gets Lost - Oh! Adelaide - Art installation - The Museum of Fine Arts, Glassell School of Art, 5101 Montrose Boulevard, Houston, America - Sep 7, 2012 - Nov 25, (2012[151][152]
  • Creole Love Call - Exhibition - VIERTELNEUN Gallery, 1090 Vienna, Hahngasse 14, Austria - Exhibition from January 25 to February 28 (2013) - Catalogue published with the presentation.[153]
  • The Harlem Renaissance - Kurá Hulanda Museum, Curacao, Willemstad, Caribbean - (2013) [154]
  • Scat: Sound and Collaboration - Iniva (Insitute of International Visual Arts), London EC2A 3BA (05 June – 27 July, 2013) [155] [156]

Sources [edit]

External links [edit]

References [edit]

  1. ^ Steve Voce (1993-11-08). "Obituary: Adelaide Hall - People - News". London: The Independent. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  2. ^ By GLENN COLLINSPublished: November 10, 1993 (1993-11-10). "Adelaide Hall, 92, International Star of Cabaret - New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  3. ^ "Adelaide Hall Biography - Facts, Birthday, Life Story". Biography.com. 1993-11-07. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  4. ^ "Underneath a Harlem Moon: The Harlem to Paris Years of Adelaide Hall Bayou Jazz Lives: Amazon.co.uk: Iain Cameron Williams: Books". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  5. ^ a b c Stephen Bourne (2003-01-24). "Review: Underneath a Harlem Moon by Iain Cameron Williams | Books". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  6. ^ "Adelaide Hall Biography - ARTISTdirect Music". Artistdirect.com. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  7. ^ a b "ARTSEDGE: Drop Me Off in Harlem". Artsedge.kennedy-center.org. 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  8. ^ "Shuffle Along (1921) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed". The Black Past. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  9. ^ Name. "Shuffle Along-21-Chorusgirls-Adelaide Hall ctr-Noble Sissle-01-f28 « Songbook". Songbook1.wordpress.com. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  10. ^ "Stage Musicals 1920's - Part 3: New Composers". Musicals101.com. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  11. ^ "ARTSEDGE: Drop Me Off in Harlem". Artsedge.kennedy-center.org. 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  12. ^ Reside, Doug (2012-02-10). "Musical of the Month: Shuffle Along | The New York Public Library". Nypl.org. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  13. ^ The Broadway League. "Runnin' Wild | IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information". IBDB. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  14. ^ "Edward K. "Duke" Ellington, African American Composer & Pianist". Chevalierdesaintgeorges.homestead.com. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  15. ^ "Adelaide Hall | CHOCOLATE KIDDIES EUROPEAN TOUR 1925 Photo Album on Myspace". Myspace.com. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  16. ^ Vaudeville, Old and New: An Encyclopedia of Variety Performers in America - Frank Cullen - Google Books. Books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  17. ^ Tan Town Topics review, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2211&dat=19260417&id=ZxomAAAAIBAJ&sjid=v_0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=4392,5036180
  18. ^ "Thomas "Fats" Waller: Performances in Transcription, edited by Paul S. Machlin". Areditions.com. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  19. ^ Harlem Renaissance Lives from the African American National Biography - Henry Louis Gates, Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham - Google Books. Books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  20. ^ http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pittsburghcourier/access/1112695542.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Nov+27%2C+1926&author=&pub=The+Pittsburgh+Courier+(1911-1950)&edition=&startpage=A2&desc=%27DESIRES+OF+1927%27+A+RIOT+AT+ELMORE%3B+%27DIXIE+BREVITIES%27+...
  21. ^ Underneath a Harlem Moon ... the Harlem to Paris Years of Adelaide Hall by Iain Cameron Williams, ISBN 0-8264-5893-9, p. 66-67.
  22. ^ "Duke Ellington Orch, V=Adelaide Hall - Creole Love Call : Adelaide Hall : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive". Archive.org. 2001-03-10. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  23. ^ "Adelaide Hall talks about the Cotton Club and Duke Ellington - Video Dailymotion". Dailymotion.com. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  24. ^ November 08, 1993 (2001-05-22). "Adelaide Hall, 92; Jazz Singer Performed With Duke Ellington - Los Angeles Times". Articles.latimes.com. Retrieved 2012-06-15. 
  25. ^ Chapter 8, pages 122 - 124, 'Underneath A Harlem Moon ... the Harlem to Paris Years of Adelaide Hall' by Iain Cameron Williams, ISBN 0826458939, http://www.amazon.com/Underneath-Harlem-Moon-Paris-Adelaide/dp/B005ZOLV7C
  26. ^ January 7, 1933. New York. Duke Ellington Panorama.
  27. ^ "Faces of the Harlem Renaissance - Bill 'Bojangles' Robinson", Drop Me Off in Harlem.
  28. ^ "Blackbirds of 1928 Shuffle Along (1921)", Masterworks Broadway.
  29. ^ Adelaide Hall photo at AncientFaces.
  30. ^ The Afro American, May 18, 1929.
  31. ^ a b http://www.performingartsarchive.com/Theatres/Theatres-L/Liberty-Theatre_NYC/Liberty-Theatre_NYC.htm
  32. ^ "DIGA DIGA DO"--AS DANCED BY ADELAIDE HALL--CREATES SENSATION. "STOP IT!" CRIES MAMA. "ON WITH THE DANCE" BROADWAY DEMANDS
  33. ^ Paul Colin 1929 poster of Adelaide Hall for Moulin Rouge, Paris
  34. ^ Woman's Hour Music Archive: A Celebration of Adelaide Hall, Wednesday 15 January 2003.
  35. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0R0mAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1f0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=6858,814569&dq=adelaide+hall&hl=en
  36. ^ http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pittsburghcourier/access/1109974732.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Nov+10%2C+1928&author=Theophilus+Lewis&pub=The+Pittsburgh+Courier+(1911-1950)&edition=&startpage=B2&desc=THE+DANCE+THAT+DAZED+MOTHER
  37. ^ programme page from the Palace Theatre 1930 http://www.myspace.com/adelaidehall/photos/51013863#%7B%22ImageId%22%3A47245752%7D
  38. ^ http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pittsburghcourier/access/1112010982.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Feb+22%2C+1930&author=CHAPPIE+GARDNER&pub=The+Pittsburgh+Courier+(1911-1950)&edition=&startpage=16&desc=White+Press+Acclaims+Adelaide+Hall+As+Packed+House+Gives+Her+Great+Ovation
  39. ^ http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pittsburghcourier/access/1110754132.html?FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Jan+4%2C+1930&author=&pub=The+Pittsburgh+Courier+(1911-1950)&edition=&startpage=A6&desc=%22Bojangles%22+To+Be+Starred+With+Adelaide+Hall
  40. ^ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yAnjPO1E5ewC&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=brown+buddies+adelaide+hall+and+bojangles&source=bl&ots=yb_UFfHsCC&sig=i6l_5I9YasHRf42sclFk4Xsu5kM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CZwwUev5JJKFhQe2mYDIBQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=brown%20buddies%20adelaide%20hall%20and%20bojangles&f=false
  41. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2211&dat=19300927&id=IComAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5_0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=4409,1348517
  42. ^ http://www.playbillvault.com/Show/Detail/6569/Brown-Buddies
  43. ^ 'Underneath a Harlem Moon ... the Harlem to Paris years of Adelaide Hall' by Iain Cameron Williams. pages 389, 390 & 395 (1931 - Adelaide appears four times during her 1931/32 world tour - February (with Noble Sissle), April, July & November) http://www.amazon.com/Underneath-Harlem-Moon-Paris-Adelaide/dp/B005ZOLV7C
  44. ^ Jazz Profiles from NPR: Art Tatum.
  45. ^ Art Tatum biography, PBS.
  46. ^ Bret Primack, "Art Tatum: No Greater Art Talkin’ Tatum with Hank Jones, Billy Taylor, Dick Hyman, Adam Makowicz", JazzTimes, January/February 1998.
  47. ^ "Art Tatum".
  48. ^ "Adelaide Hall - You Gave Me Everything But Love (1932)".
  49. ^ "More Than a Handful – The Incomparable Art Tatum", 17 July 2011.
  50. ^ "Art Tatum, One of the great jazz pianists of all time", African American Registry.
  51. ^ http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pittsburghcourier/access/1114311312.html?FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Jul+22%2C+1933&author=CHAPPY+GARDNER&pub=The+Pittsburgh+Courier+(1911-1950)&edition=&startpage=A6&desc=ADELAIDE+HALL+TO+TOUR+THE+COAST
  52. ^ http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pittsburghcourier/access/1109711212.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Aug+19%2C+1933&author=EARL+J+MORRIS&pub=The+Pittsburgh+Courier+(1911-1950)&edition=&startpage=A6&desc=State+Street%2C+Chicago
  53. ^ http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pittsburghcourier/access/1112325162.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Dec+2%2C+1933&author=MAURICE+DANCER&pub=The+Pittsburgh+Courier+(1911-1950)&edition=&startpage=A6&desc=%27STORMY+WEATHER%27+REVUE+STARS+ADELAIDE+HALL
  54. ^ http://tommytommitomme.tumblr.com/post/46303054372/clarencerobinson
  55. ^ "The Cotton Club". St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture. 2002. 
  56. ^ Adelaide Hall talks about 1920's Harlem and Creole Love Call".
  57. ^ Steven Watson, "The Harlen Renaissance".
  58. ^ Kennet B. Hilliard, "The Impact of the Music of the Harlem Renaissance on Society". Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute.
  59. ^ "Ill Wind" at JazzStandards.com
  60. ^ The 1934 Cotton Club Parades.
  61. ^ Harold Arlen website.
  62. ^ Gramophone, August 1934, p. 40.
  63. ^ http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pittsburghcourier/access/1110765322.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Aug+18%2C+1934&author=MAURICE+DANCER&pub=The+Pittsburgh+Courier+(1911-1950)&edition=&startpage=A8&desc=HARLEM+NIGHT+CLUBS+BRILLIANT+AND+LIVELY
  64. ^ http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pittsburghcourier/access/1114442962.html?FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Nov+30%2C+1935&author=&pub=The+Pittsburgh+Courier+(1911-1950)&edition=&startpage=A7&desc=Adelaide+Hall+And+Meeres+%26+Meeres+Off+For+London
  65. ^ "Performer Adelaide Hall and her husband/manager, Bert Hicks, owned a nightclub in Montmartre called La Grosse Pomme...", Midnight in Paris.
  66. ^ "Django's Haunts", Paul Vernon Chester.
  67. ^ http://abar.net/crowder.htm
  68. ^ http://www.danskefilm.dk/index2.html
  69. ^ Why I Moved to London, How America's Peculiar Brand of Democracy Forced a Brooklyn Girl to Live in Europe - Baltimore Afro-American newspaper, page 5, 9 July 1946 - article by Douglass Hall (accompanied with a large photograph of Adelaide Hall) http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4cMlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4fQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1036,3017341&dq=adelaide+hall&hl=en
  70. ^ IMDb.
  71. ^ a b "Hall, Adelaide (1901-1993), Actor, Singer", BFI ScreenOnline.
  72. ^ Adelaide Hall biography at 100 Great Black Britons.
  73. ^ That Old Feeling sung by Adelaide Hall with Fats Waller playing the organ. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZrKKs-gUds
  74. ^ Broadcast To America released on CD in 2012, http://kindofjazzbloglibrary.blogspot.co.uk/2012/11/13-fats-waller-on-air-sessions-1938.html
  75. ^ http://www.jazzloft.com/p-52742-on-the-air-1938-broadcasts.aspx
  76. ^ https://jazzhistoryonline.com/Fats_Waller_2.html
  77. ^ Prestige Records Discography: 1933-1948.
  78. ^ YouTube - Adelaide Hall.
  79. ^ Stephen Bourne, "When Adelaide Hall Went to War", WW2 People's War, BBC.
  80. ^ "Home Front - Songs From World War II".
  81. ^ "Music from The Florida Club".
  82. ^ "Adelaide Hall (1901–1993)", IMDb.
  83. ^ "Thief of Bagdad, The (1940)", Cast and credits, BFI Screenonline.
  84. ^ "The Thief of Bagdad (1940) movie download", Gesualdo.
  85. ^ The Thief of Bagdad (1940), Dramatic Vocalise Database.
  86. ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/58/a3090458.shtml
  87. ^ "Adelaide Hall - Variety In Sepia - October 1947".
  88. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgBqvqRsxSk
  89. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jlfpAb3Uc8
  90. ^ http://www.turnipnet.com/whirligig/tv/adults/other/british.htm
  91. ^ http://www.televisionheaven.co.uk/howdoyouview.htm
  92. ^ The Royal Variety Performance, 29 October 1951, Victoria Palace Theatre, London.
  93. ^ Capital Spotlight by Louis Lautier - Baltimore Afro-American newspaper 14 October 1952, page 17. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hfglAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bfUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1306,1697476&dq=adelaide+hall+afro&hl=en
  94. ^ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dEMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=adelaide+hall%27s+calypso+club&source=bl&ots=Zs9r_AUSe4&sig=1Ww95hZkdoHKxhtc60CEmPYBnjQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6ZI2UYO6D4jXPOOdgYAN&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=adelaide%20hall's%20calypso%20club&f=false
  95. ^ Adelaide Hall enters Guinness Book of World Records as the World's most enduring recording artiste, http://www.npg.org.uk/devotional/honours.html
  96. ^ "Art Tatum - Strange As It Seems (1933)".
  97. ^ "Fela Sowande", International Opus.
  98. ^ "Duke Ellington & His Orchestra - Creole Love Call - Victor 21137".
  99. ^ Ken Dryden, "Fats Waller: Fats Waller on the Air 1938 Broadcasts (2009)", AllAboutJazz, 7 April 2010.
  100. ^ Love From Judy - The Guide to Musical Theatre, http://www.guidetomusicaltheatre.com/shows_l/lovefrom_judy.htm
  101. ^ Lena Horne and Jamaica in Philly world premiere - Washington Afro-American newspaper article, 3 September 1957, page 33, (with a large photograph of Lena, Adelaide and Ricardo Montalban) http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=G-ElAAAAIBAJ&sjid=o_QFAAAAIBAJ&pg=713,4747063&dq=adelaide+hall+afro&hl=en
  102. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8zsmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=u_4FAAAAIBAJ&pg=6535,2933764&dq=adelaide+hall&hl=en
  103. ^ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2wLNathQPNgC&pg=PA1962&lpg=PA1962&dq=adelaide+hall+and+spike+milligan&source=bl&ots=zO_zA7yqOO&sig=1AAah9S37z4RZJU8MmjkLZxFROs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=7PIzUfi9M-SU0QX0lYCwDQ&sqi=2&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=adelaide%20hall%20and%20spike%20milligan&f=false
  104. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HK75L_vBaHs
  105. ^ http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/648214
  106. ^ http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/615778
  107. ^ http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/697963?view=credit
  108. ^ http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/308966?view=credit
  109. ^ http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/119040?view=credit
  110. ^ http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/301716
  111. ^ Wilson, John S. (1988-10-14). "Review/Music; Adelaide Hall Opens Weill Cabaret Bill". The New York Times. 
  112. ^ "Adelaide Hall, Actor, Jazz singer", Desert Island Discs, 2 December 1972.
  113. ^ "Adelaide hall, jazz singer", Desert Island Discs, 13 January 1991.
  114. ^ Castaway Archives, Desert Island Discs.
  115. ^ http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/433460
  116. ^ "Adelaide Hall ... the real first Lady of Jazz".
  117. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/10/obituaries/adelaide-hall-92-international-star-of-cabaret.html
  118. ^ http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-adelaide-hall-1502902.html
  119. ^ http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/56233062?q=%22Adelaide+Hall%22&c=article&versionId=69213169
  120. ^ https://new.myspace.com/adelaidehall
  121. ^ http://www.morecambeandwise.com/viewpage.aspx?pageid=315
  122. ^ Iain Cameron Williams (Author Central at Amazon) http://www.amazon.co.uk/Iain-Cameron-Williams/e/B001KIABXM/ref=ntt_athr_dp_pel_pop_1
  123. ^ BluesandSoul interview/feature with Laura Mvula http://www.bluesandsoul.com/feature/826/great_expectations/
  124. ^ BluesandSoul interview/feature with Laura Mvula http://www.bluesandsoul.com/feature/826/great_expectations/
  125. ^ http://victor.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/matrix/detail/800013629/BVE-39370-Creole_love_call
  126. ^ http://victor.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/matrix/detail/800013630/BVE-39371-Blues_I_love_to_sing
  127. ^ http://ellingtonweb.ca/Hostedpages/DoojiCollection/DoojiCollection-1927.html
  128. ^ http://victor.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/matrix/detail/900002191/BVE-Test-110-Must_have_that_man
  129. ^ http://victor.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/matrix/detail/900002192/BVE-Test-111-Baby
  130. ^ http://ellingtonweb.ca/Hostedpages/DoojiCollection/DoojiCollection-1927.html
  131. ^ http://ellingtonweb.ca/Hostedpages/DoojiCollection/DoojiCollection-1933-34.html
  132. ^ a b http://www.cduniverse.com/sresult.asp?HT_SEARCH=XARTIST&HT_SEARCH_INFO=Adelaide+Hall&style=music&page=1
  133. ^ http://archive.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/41/women/displays.htm
  134. ^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-199918/Women-War-exhibition.html
  135. ^ http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/Speechesandarticles/2003/TheQueenopenstheWomenandWarexhibitionattheImperial.aspx
  136. ^ http://thelatest.co.uk/7/dress-is-more
  137. ^ http://www.myspace.com/adelaidehall/photos/14899962#%7B%22ImageId%22%3A14899993%7D
  138. ^ http://www.npg.org.uk/devotional/adelaide_hall.html
  139. ^ http://www.npg.org.uk/devotional/index.html
  140. ^ http://www.london-se1.co.uk/news/view/3363
  141. ^ http://www.itzcaribbean.com/blacklondoners_exhibition.php
  142. ^ http://www.southwark.gov.uk/info/200162/the_cuming_museum/1157/previous_exhibitions/5
  143. ^ http://dulwichonview.org.uk/2008/04/11/keep-smiling-through/
  144. ^ http://www.allinlondon.co.uk/whats-on.php?event=24385
  145. ^ http://www.chelseaspace.org/archive/jazzonia-pr.html
  146. ^ http://www.jazzwisemagazine.com/component/content/article/51-2009/10884-art-college-hosts-jazzonia-and-the-harlem-diaspora-exhibition
  147. ^ http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/2009/06/london-palladium-hosts-exhibition-celebrating-black-performance-history/
  148. ^ http://nomorepotlucks.org/site/fluid-locations-discussing-archives-and-representation-with-sonia-boyce-sally-frater
  149. ^ http://vimeo.com/19976218
  150. ^ http://www.artandeducation.net/announcement/mfah-core-exhibition-program-presents-there-is-no-archive-in-which-nothing-gets-lost/
  151. ^ http://www.mfah.org/exhibitions/past/there-no-archive-which-nothing-gets-lost/
  152. ^ http://glasstire.com/2012/11/04/interreview-with-sally-frater-curator-of-there-is-no-archive-in-which-nothing-gets-lost/
  153. ^ http://www.viertelneun.com/media/filer_public/2013/02/06/mediainformation_creole_love_call_by_marianne_vlaschits.pdf
  154. ^ http://www.kurahulanda.com/temporary-harlem-renaissance
  155. ^ http://www.iniva.org/exhibitions_projects/2013/scat/scat
  156. ^ http://www.iniva.org/exhibitions_projects/2013/scat
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