Ailanthus
| Ailanthus | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Ailanthus altissima leaf and seeds | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Simaroubaceae |
| Genus: | Ailanthus Desf. |
| Species | |
|
See text |
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Ailanthus (
/əˈlænθəs/;[1] derived from ailanto, an Ambonese word probably meaning "tree of the gods" or "tree of heaven") is a genus of trees belonging to the family Simaroubaceae, in the order Sapindales (formerly Rutales or Geraniales). The genus is native from east Asia south to northern Australasia.
They are fast-growing deciduous trees growing to 25–45 m tall, with spreading branches and large (40–100 cm) pinnate leaves with 15-41 long pointed leaflets, the terminal leaflet normally present, and the basal pairs of leaflets often lobed at their bases. The small yellow to greenish flowers are borne on branched panicles. They turn reddish later in the year and eventually brown. They stay on the tree for a long time; the male flowers have a strong odour. The odour tends to resemble the smell of strong cat urine or the spray of a male cat. Also, touching the leaves leaves an unpleasant smell on the hands. The fruit is a samara drawn out into a long wing with the seed in the middle. The wood is fine grained and satiny.
[edit] Species
The number of species is disputed, with some authorities accepting up to ten species, while others accept six or fewer. Species include:
- Ailanthus altissima (Tree of Heaven) – northern and central mainland China, Taiwan, arguably the best known species.
- Ailanthus vilmoriniana, which according to an unpublished checklist is a synonym of Ailanthus altissima.[2]
- Ailanthus excelsa – India and Sri Lanka
- Ailanthus integrifolia – New Guinea and Queensland, Australia
- Ailanthus triphysa (White Siris) – northern and eastern Australia. Ailanthus malabarica is a synonym of Ailanthus triphysa.[3]
This genus is considered invasive in North America and Britain.[4] It sends out suckers that can damage pavements and walls, and in the right conditions it can spread very quickly. It has the capacity to get to large heights and can outcompete native plant species around it.
Ailanthus are capable of forming thick blankets of roots and heavy shade to the extent that native species are prevented from being able to reclaim an area that has been logged or deforested, as well as areas that have been heavily developed.[citation needed]
A silk spinning moth, the Ailanthus silkmoth (Samia cynthia), lives on Ailanthus leaves, and yields a silk more durable and cheaper than mulberry silk, but inferior to it in fineness and gloss. This moth has been introduced to the eastern United States and is common near many towns; it is about 12 cm across, with angulated wings, and in colour olive brown, with white markings. Other Lepidoptera whose larvae feed on Ailanthus include Endoclita malabaricus.
[edit] References
- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ^ "The Plant List - Ailanthus vilmoriniana". http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2626859.
- ^ "The Plant List - Ailanthus malabarica". http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro-50126836.
- ^ "Invasive species of Oxfordshire". BBC Oxford. Tuesday, 23 March 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/oxford/hi/people_and_places/nature/newsid_8582000/8582535.stm. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
- "Ailanthus Desf.". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?taxon_id=25309.
- Germplasm Resources Information Network: Ailanthus
- [1]
