Progressive Party of Working People
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| Progressive Party of Working People Ανορθωτικό Κόμμα Εργαζόμενου Λαού |
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| Leader | Andros Kyprianou |
| Founded | 1926 |
| Headquarters | Nicosia, Cyprus |
| Ideology | Communism, Eurocommunism, Marxism-Leninism[1] |
| International affiliation | None |
| European affiliation | Party of the European Left (Observer) |
| European Parliament Group | European United Left–Nordic Green Left |
| Official colours | Red |
| House of Representatives |
19 / 56
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| European Parliament |
2 / 6
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| Website | |
| http://www.akel.org.cy/ | |
| Politics of Cyprus Political parties Elections |
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The Progressive Party of Working People (Greek: Ανορθωτικό Κόμμα Εργαζόμενου Λαού, Anorthotikó Kómma Ergazómenou Laoú, AKEL; Turkish: Emekçi Halkın İlerici Partisi) is a communist party in Cyprus. It supports an independent, demilitarized and non-aligned Cyprus, and a federal solution of the internal aspect of the Cyprus problem. It places particular emphasis on rapprochement with the Turkish Cypriots. It supported entry into the European Union with certain reservations. AKEL also supported the Annan Plan in 2004, but at the end they decided for a negative response, since they did not have time to formulate response to the plan. AKEL has successfully put into practise several socialist measures to support economic welfare of Cypriots during the late-2000s financial crisis such as increasing low pensions by 30% and strengthening the welfare benefits given to university students to €12 million per year. Generally, €1 billion 200 million were given as welfare benefits during the first three years of AKEL in power.
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[edit] History
It was founded in 1926 with the name Communist Party of Cyprus (CPC). The communist party set as its aim not only the struggle against what it viewed as exploitation but also the independence of Cyprus from British rule. The party became illegal in 1931 when the British colonial government imposed restrictions on civil rights following a nationalist riot. In 1941, leading members of the underground communist party and others founded AKEL. In the first municipal elections in 1943 (before that mayors were appointed) AKEL candidates became mayors of Limassol (Ploutis Servas) and Famagusta (Adam Adamantos).
List of general secretaries:
- 1936–1945 Ploutis Servas
- 1945–1949 Fifis Ioannou
- 1949–1988 Ezekias Papaioannou (a veteran of the Spanish Civil War)
- 1988–2009 Dimitris Christofias (6th President of the Republic of Cyprus)
- 2009–present Andros Kyprianou[2]
Unlike its predecessor, AKEL was not against Enosis. Instead AKEL supported a gradual process, starting off with a constitution and self-government while Cyprus would remain a colony, leading to self-determination and Enosis. After the failure of the consultative assembly in 1949 to grant a constitution acceptable to the Cypriot members, AKEL changed line, supporting immediate Enosis with no intermediate stages.
During the late fifties, AKEL was opposed to the violent tactics followed by the anti-British resistance movement of EOKA. EOKA accused AKEL as collaborators of the British, even though AKEL was also illegal since 1955. Several AKEL members were assassinated by EOKA at the time as "traitors," including AKEL-supporter Savas Menikou who was stoned to death. AKEL denounced EOKA's leadership as being anti-communist, as its leader George Grivas had fought against the communist side during the Greek Civil War. Grivas later founded EOKA B, which supported the 1974 coup d'état following his death.
About 1958, the Turkish Cypriot nationalist organization TMT started forcing Turkish Cypriots members of AKEL to leave. Editor of a workers newspaper Fazil Onder was killed and the head of the Turkish bureau of PEO (AKEL's trade union) Ahmet Sadi moved to the UK to save his life.
In the first presidential elections for independent Cyprus, AKEL backed Ioannis Kliridis (father of Glafkos Klerides) against Makarios III. The last Turkish Cypriot to be a member of the central committee of AKEL, Derviş Ali Kavazoğlu, was killed by TMT in 1965.
In the mid 1990s the U.S. State Department estimated the party membership to be approximately 10,000 (3.25% of the working age population).[3]
[edit] Youth
The party’s youth wing is EDON which was founded in 1959.
[edit] Recent
At the legislative elections on 27 May 2001, the party won 34.7% of the popular vote and 20 out of 56 seats. After this election, AKEL's General Secretary, Dimitris Christofias, was elected as President of the House of Representatives and until 2006, for first time in the History of Republic of Cyprus. Besides AKEL, he was supported by Movement for Social Democracy (EDEK) and Democratic Party (DIKO).
It is a member of the European United Left - Nordic Green Left in the European Parliament and it is considered as moderately eurosceptic. Cyprus joined the EU in 2004. In the 2004 European election, AKEL elected 2 members; Adamos Adamou and Kyriacos Triantaphyllides.
AKEL remained the largest political party on the island in the 2006 Cypriot legislative elections, however the party lost two seats in the parliament winning 18 seats with 31.31% of the votes.
In the second round presidential election held on 24 February 2008, General Secretary of AKEL Dimitris Christofias was elected President of the Republic of Cyprus. Official figures showed a win of 53.36% of the vote against his right-wing opponent Ioannis Kasoulidis' 46.64%.[4]
On 21 January 2009, Andros Kyprianou was elected general secretary of the party with 54.3% in the central committee election.
In the last election for the European Parliament which took place in June 2009, AKEL managed to gain 34.9% of the votes and elected 2 out of the 6 members, Kyriacos Triantaphyllides and Takis Hadjigeorgiou.
On 22 May 2011, the Cypriot legislative election took place. AKEL gained 32.67% of the votes and elected 19 out of the 56 members of parliament.
[edit] Electoral Results of AKEL in Legislative Elections since 1985
In 1985 the seats in the House of Representatives increased from 35 to 56.
- 1985: AKEL gained 27.4% of the votes and 15 out of the 56 seats
- 1991: AKEL gained 30.6% of the votes and increased its parliamentary seats. It gained 18 out of the 56 seats.
- 1996: AKEL gained 33% of the votes which led to a further increase in its parliamentary seats from 18 to 19/56.
- 2001: AKEL gained 34.7% of the votes making it the largest party in parliament with 20 out of the 56 seats.
- 2006: AKEL gained 31.31% of the votes which led to a decrease in its parliamentary seats from 20 to 18/56.
- 2011: AKEL gained 32.67% of the votes which led to an increase in its parliamentary seats from 18 to 19/56.
[edit] AKEL MPs
- 2011-Ongoing Adamos Adamou
- 2007-2011 Dina Akkelidou
- 2006-2011 Aristos Aristotelous
- 2011-Ongoing Irere Charalambides
- 1991-2008 Dimitris Christofias
- 2011-Ongoing Aristos Damianou
- 2004-Ongoing Stella Demetriou Misiaouli
- 2001-Ongoing Stavros Evagorou
- 2006-Ongoing Andreas Fakontis
- 2008-Ongoing Yiannakis Gavriel
- 1991-2011 Aristophanes Georgiou
- 2011-Ongoing Giorgos K. Georgiou
- 1996-2009 Takis Hadjigeorgiou
- 2003-2011 Dinos Hadjinicolas
- 2011-Ongoing Christakis Jovanis
- 1991-Ongoing Nicos Katsourides
- 2011-Ongoing Andreas Kavkalias
- 2011-Ongoing Kostas Kosta
- 2008-Ongoing Skevi Koukouma Koutra
- 2001-Ongoing Andros Kyprianou
- 2006-2011 Pambis Kiritsis
- 2001-Ongoing Yiannos Lamaris
- 1996-2003 Giorgos Lillikas
- 2011-Ongoing Giorgos Loucaides
- 2008-2011 Klavdios Mavrohannas
- 2001-2006 Eleni Mavrou
- 2011-Ongoing Christos Mesis
- 2006-2011 Andreas Mouskalis
- 2011-Ongoing Pambos Papageorgiou
- 1960-1988 Ezekias Papaioannou
- 1970-1991 Georgios Savvides
- 2006-Ongoing Panikkos Stavrianos
- 1996-2011 Yannakis Thoma
[edit] AKEL MEPs
- 2004–2009 Adamos Adamou
- 2009–Ongoing Takis Hadjigeorgiou
- 2004–Ongoing Kyriacos Triantaphyllides
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Smith, Helena (24 February 2008). ""Cyprus gets ready for a communist 'takeover'"". London: The Observer. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/feb/24/cyprus. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ "Ο νέος ΓΓ του ΑΚΕΛ (3) « Faros's Weblog". Faros.wordpress.com. 2009-01-21. http://faros.wordpress.com/2009/01/21/%ce%bf-%ce%bd%ce%ad%ce%bf%cf%82-%ce%b3%ce%b3-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b5%ce%bb-3/. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
- ^ Benjamin, Roger W.; Kautsky, John H.. Communism and Economic Development, in The American Political Science Review, Vol. 62, No. 1. (Mar., 1968), pp. 122.
- ^ "Cypriot victor rallies for unity". BBC News. 24 February 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7261195.stm.
[edit] Bibliography
- Panayiotou, A. (2006) "Lenin in the Coffee-Shop: The Communist Alternative and Forms of non-Western Modernity" Postcolonial Studies, 9, 3, pp. 267-280.
- Adams (1971 AKEL: The Communist Party of Cyprus. California: Hoover Press
- Lefkis, G. (1984) Roots (Limassol).
- Fantis (2005) The Cypriot Tade Union Movement During the Period of British Colonialism (Nicosia)
- Servas (1985, 1991) Responsibilities (Athens, Grammi).
- Peristianis (2006) "The Rise of the Left and Intra-Ethnic Cleavages" in Faustmann, H. and Peristianis, N. (ed.), Britain in Cyprus, Colonialism and Post-colonialism 1878-2006. Mannheim, Bibliopolis.
- Philippou, Lambros (2010) "The Cypriot Paradox: The Communist Way Towards Political Liberalism" Cyprus Review, 22, 1, pp. 129-149.
[edit] External links
- AKEL's website in English (Greek, English and Turkish)
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