Qamishli
| Al Qamishli القامشلي |
|
|---|---|
 Al Qamishli
|
|
| Coordinates: 37°03′N 41°13′E / 37.05°N 41.217°E | |
| Country |  Syria |
| Governorate | Al Hasakah |
| District | Al Qamishli |
| Population (2004)Census | |
| • Total | 232,258 |
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) |
| • Summer (DST) | +3 (UTC) |
| Area code(s) | 53 |
Qamishli (Arabic: القامشلي Al Qāmišlī, Kurdish: Qamişlo, Syriac: ܩܡܫܠܐ Qamišlo or ܒܝܬ ܙܐܠܝ̈ܢ Beṯ Zālin, Turkish: Kamışlı) is a city in north eastern Syria on the border with Turkey, adjoining the Turkish city of Nusaybin, and close to Iraq. It is part of the Al-Hasakah Governorate, and is the administrative capital of the Al Qamishli District within the governorate.
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Etymology
The city was initially a small village inhabited by Assyrians/Syriacs called beṯ zālin (ܒܝܬ ܙܐܠܝ̈ܢ) meaning "house of reed". The current name is a turkified form of it, where "kamış" means "reed" in Turkish.
Demographics
As of the 2004 Census, the city's population was 232,258.
Al Qamishli, originally an Assyrian/Syriac city, in modern times is of mixed ethnic groups predominantly Kurdish, Assyrians/Syriacs and Arabs. The Christians of the city mainly consist of Assyrians/Syriacs and Armenians. The city was founded by Assyrians/Syriacs fleeing Seyfo in modern Turkey. Today Kurds, Assyrians/Syriacs, Arabs and Armenians (about 8,500 form which 2,000 are Armenian Catholics[1]) live side by side in the city.
Al Qamishli was also home to a significant Jewish community. In the 1930s the Jewish population of Al Qamishli numbered 3,000. Since 1947, the situation of the Jews of Al Qamishli deteriorated. All Jews employed in government offices were sacked. Many Jewish women were imprisoned and beaten with the approval of the authorities. Massive immigration of Jews from Syria peaked due to violence, such as Aleppo pogrom. By 1963, the community had dwindled to 800 persons, and after the Six-Day War it went down further to 150.
History
Qamishli is situated at the base of the Taurus Mountains, located near the area of ancient Hurrian city of Urkesh which was founded during the fourth millennium BC.
The modern city was founded in 1926 as a railway station on the Taurus railway.[2]
Qamishli is the largest town in Hassake province and it is regarded as the secret capital of the Kurds, the Assyrians/Syriacs also claim it to be their community capital. It is also the centre of the Syrian Kurdish problem.[3]
In March 2004, during a chaotic soccer match, a riot started when some people started raising separatist Kurdish flags, hailing Barzani and Talabani and US President George W. Bush, turning the match into political conflict. The riot expanded out of the stadium and weapons were used against police and civilians of non-Kurdish background. In the aftermath, at least 30 Kurds were killed as the security services re-took the city.[4] The event became known as "Qamishli massacre".
In June 2005, thousands of Kurds demonstrated in Qamishli to protest the assassination of Sheikh Khaznawi, a Kurdish cleric in Syria, resulting in the death of one policeman and injury to four Kurds.[5][6] In March 2008, according to Human Rights Watch,[7] Syrian security forces opened fire at Kurds celebrating spring festival of Newroz and gathering for reviving the 2004 riot in Qamishli. The shooting left three people dead.
The city is renowned for throwing a large Christmas parade every year in December, and celebrating Newroz festival by a large crowd every year in March.
Climate
| Climate data for Al-Qamishli | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 10.9 (51.6) |
12.6 (54.7) |
16.7 (62.1) |
22.1 (71.8) |
29.2 (84.6) |
36.1 (97.0) |
40.3 (104.5) |
39.8 (103.6) |
35.4 (95.7) |
28.3 (82.9) |
19.3 (66.7) |
12.7 (54.9) |
25.28 (77.51) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) |
3.5 (38.3) |
6.3 (43.3) |
10.3 (50.5) |
14.9 (58.8) |
20.0 (68.0) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.0 (73.4) |
19.5 (67.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
8.8 (47.8) |
4.4 (39.9) |
12.66 (54.78) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 77.5 (3.051) |
71.9 (2.831) |
68.2 (2.685) |
59.0 (2.323) |
29.0 (1.142) |
2.2 (0.087) |
0.3 (0.012) |
0.1 (0.004) |
0.8 (0.031) |
18.0 (0.709) |
38.5 (1.516) |
66.9 (2.634) |
432.4 (17.024) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 10 | 71 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization | |||||||||||||
Petroleum
Al Qamishli has recently experienced an economic boom due to the exploration of petroleum in the Qarah Shuk region 80 km east of Al Qamishli.[citation needed]
Transportation
It has an international airport, Kamishly Airport, with IATA code KAC.
Chemins de Fer Syriens (the Syrian railroad company) operates a freight and passenger railway service to other parts of Syria
See also
Notes
- ^ (Armenian) Ծննդավայրս՝ Գամիշլի կամ Եղէգնուտ
- ^ "Al-Qamishli" - Encyclopædia Britannica, 2006.
- ^ Qantara.de - The Kurds of Syria - An Insecure Stone in the Syrian Mosaic
- ^ "The PKK and Syria's Kurds". Washington, DC 20036, USA: Terrorism Monitor, The Jamestown Foundation. February 15, 2007. p. Volume 5, Issue 3. http://www.jamestown.org/terrorism/news/article.php?articleid=2370250.
- ^ Blanford, Nicholas (June 15, 2005). "A murder stirs Kurds in Syria". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-06-15-syria-kurds_x.htm.
- ^ Fattah, Hassan M. (July 2, 2005). "Kurds, Emboldened by Lebanon, Rise Up in Tense Syria". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/02/international/middleeast/02kurds.html.
- ^ Syria: Investigate Killing of Kurds - Human Rights Watch
