Albanian mafia

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Albanian Mafia
Territory Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, Greece, Belgium, Scandinavia, Netherlands, Turkey, Middle East, United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Australia.
Ethnicity Albanians
Criminal activities Arms trafficking, arson, Assault, counterfeiting, Drug trafficking, Extortion, Fraud, Human trafficking, illegal gambling, Kidnapping, Murder, prostitution, Racketeering, Theft.

The Albanian Mafia or Albanian organized crime (Albanian: Mafia shqiptare) are the general terms used for criminal organizations based in Albania or composed of ethnic Albanians. Albanian organized crime is active in Albania, the United States, and the European Union (EU) countries, participating in a diverse range of criminal enterprises including drug and arms trafficking. In Albania alone there are over 15 mafia families or clans that control organized crime.[1][2][3]

Contents

[edit] Structure

The typical structure of the Albanian Mafia is hierarchical. Concerning "loyalty", "honor" and family (blood relations and marriage being very important) most of the Albanian networks seem to be "old-fashioned". Infiltration into these groups is thus very difficult. Albanian Mafia families or clans are usually made up of groups of fewer than 100 members, constituting an extended family residing all along the Balkan route from eastern Turkey, to Western Europe, and North America. The Northern Albanian Mafia which runs the drug wholesale business is also known by the name of "The Fifteen Families."

According to Ioannis Michaletos, the family structure is characterized by a strong inner discipline, which is achieved by a means of punishment for every deviation from the internal rules, so that the fear should guarantee an unconditional loyalty to the family, with the provisions of the official laws considered to be secondary, not important and non-binding. Due to the fact that the Mafia families are based on the blood ties, which is a factor that restricts the number of the clan members, the bonds between them are very strong, which makes getting close to and infiltrating into them almost impossible. Members of other ethnic groups can be accepted only to execute certain one time or secondary jobs. Moreover, the Albanian mafia families are organized in 3-4 or more levels, which enable them to preserve the organizational action capability even in case some of its members or groups are captured[4]

[edit] Rudaj Organization

Main article: Rudaj Organization

The most famous Albanian criminal organization was the Rudaj Organization. In October 2004, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) arrested 22 men who worked for it. This included its leader Alex Rudaj, and effectively ended the criminal organization. They had entered in the territory of Lucchese crime family in Astoria, Queens, New York, and are said to have even beaten up two made men in the Lucchese family. The name Rudaj comes from the boss of the organization. According to The New York Times published on January 2006, "Beginning in the 1990s, the Corporation, led by a man named Alex Rudaj, established ties with established organized crime figures including members of the Gambino crime family, the authorities say. Then, through negotiations or in armed showdowns, the Albanians struck out on their own, daring to battle the Lucchese and Gambino families for territory in Queens, the Bronx and Westchester County, prosecutors say.".[5]

In 2001 Albanian mobsters stormed a Gambino hangout in Astoria, Queens, sending a brazen message to the Mafia.The club, called Soccer Fever, was now theirs. The seven men who invaded the dimly lit basement club tore the joint apart, shot off handguns and beat the club manager bloody, prosecutors say. It was bold - and, prior to August 2001 unthinkable.[6]

Gambino leader Arnold Squitieri had had enough and wanted a talk with these rogue mobsters. The “sit down” took place at a gas station in a rest area near the New Jersey turnpike. Squitieri did not come alone. Twenty armed Gambino mobsters accompanied their boss. Alex Rudaj on the other hand had only managed to bring six members of his crew. According to undercover FBI agent Joaquin Garcia, who infiltrated the Gambino crime family during this period, Squitieri told Rudaj that the fun was over and that they should stop expanding their operations. The Albanians and Gambinos then pulled out their weapons. Knowing they were outnumbered the Albanians threatened to blow up the gas station with all of them in it. This ended the discussion, and both groups pulled back.

By 2006 all of the main players involved in this “sit down” were in prison. Rudaj and his Sixth Family had been picked off the street in October 2004 and charged with a variety of racketeering and gambling charges. After a trial Rudaj and his main lieutenants were all found guilty. In 2006 Rudaj, at that time 38 years old, was sentenced to 27 years in prison. His rival Arnold Squitieri was convicted in an unrelated racketeering case and was sent to prison for seven years.[7]

"What we have here might be considered a sixth crime family," after the five Mafia organizations — Bonanno, Colombo, Gambino, Genovese and Lucchese — said Fred Snelling, head of the FBI's criminal division in New York.[8]

According to FBI, they do not yet demonstrate the established criminal sophistication of La Cosa Nostra (LCN) organizations.[9]

[edit] International activity

[edit] Scandinavia

"The ethnic Albanian mafia is very powerful and extremely violent," said Kim Kliver, chief investigator for organized crime with the Danish National Police. Law enforcement authorities estimate that different Albanian mafia families may smuggle as much as 440 pounds of heroin a year into Scandinavia at any given time.[10]

[edit] Switzerland

Geneva Deputy Public Prosecutors state that the Albanian mafia is one of the most powerful ones among nine identified mafias in the world.[11] The other Mafia organizations around the world are the Russian Mafia, Chinese (Triad), Japanese (Yakuza), Italian Mafia, Colombian (drug cartels) organizations, and Mexican (drug cartels) organizations. The Albanian mafia controls the entire network of heroin trafficking in Geneva Switzerland.[12] The Geneva deputy public prosecutors also added that the Albanian Mafia "is laundering a part of income in Geneva economy, restaurants, bars, real estate and cabarets".[11]

[edit] United States

"On the streets where the Italian Mob once ruled, a new syndicate was taking over, run by tough, ambitious Albanian immigrants, who still clump to a code of silence." - “We’re still trying to learn about their culture and figure out what makes them tick,” James Farley, FBI supervisory special agent, and expert on organized crime, says of the Albanians. “They’re difficult to infiltrate.” “We’re just now catching up with Albanian organized crime,” he says. While Italian gangsters may be three or four generations removed from the old country, the Albanians grew up under brutal communist regimes, engaging in protracted blood feuds with rival clans, and subscribing to a strict code of silence that makes the Italian credo of omertà seem playful. “The first generation Albanians have a tendency to be more violent” than American-born syndicates, claims Hall.[13]

In the United States, Albanian gangs started to be active in the mid-80s, mostly participating in low-level crimes such as burglaries and robberies. Later, they would become affiliated with Cosa Nostra crime families before eventually growing strong enough to operate their own organizations under the Iliazi family name.[14] Albanian organized crime has created new and unique problems for law-enforcement officers around the country, even threatening to displace La Cosa Nostra (LCN) families as kingpins of U.S. crime, according to FBI officials.[15]

Speaking anonymously for Philadelphia's City Paper a member of the "Kielbasa Posse", an ethnic Polish mob group, declared in 2002 that Poles are willing to do business with "just about anybody. Dominicans. Blacks. Italians. Asian street gangs. Russians. But they won't go near the Albanian mob. The Albanians are too violent and too unpredictable."[16] The Polish mob has told its associates that the Albanians are like the early Sicilian Mafia — clannish, secretive, hypersensitive to any kind of insult, and too quick to use violence for the sake of vengeance.[16]

[edit] Italy

Since the beginning of the 1990s Italy has been clamping down hard on the Sicilian Mafia. According to the deputy director of the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), at the end of the 1990s the Mafia sought to survive this crackdown by forming a “symbiotic” relationship with the Albanian crime families known as fares, who provided the struggling Sicilians a cooperation in a number of services in their operations across Italy. Today, both Sicilian Mafia groups and the ‘Ndrangheta are believed to have franchised out prostitution, gambling and drug dealing in territories along the Adriatic coast to the Albanians. One CSIS report even claimed that this partnership had proved so successful that the Sicilian mafia established a ‘headquarters’ in Vlorë, a coastal town in southern Albania at the close of the 1990s.[17]

Albanian emigrants started arriving at Italian ports in 1991. By 1997 the immigration had come under the control of Albanian and Italian criminal groups, tightening relationships between them[18]

"The Albanian Mafia seems to have established good working relationships with the Italian Mafia".[19] "On the 27th of July 1999 police in Durres (Albania), with Italian assistance arrested one of the godfathers of the "Sacra Corona Unita", Puglia’s Italian Mafia. This Albanian link seems to confirm that the Sacra Corona Unita and the Albanian Mafia are "partners" in Puglia/Italy and delegate several criminal activities".[19] Thus, in many areas of Italy, the market for cannabis, prostitution, and smuggling is run mainly by Albanians. Links to Calabria’s Mafia, the "Ndrangheta", exist in Northern Italy. Several key figures of the Albanian Mafia seem to reside frequently in the Calabrian towns of Perugia, Africo, Plati, and Bovalino (Italy), fiefs of the Ndrangheta. Southern Albanian groups also have good relationships with Sicily’s Cosa Nostra.[19]

Roberto Saviano, the Italian writer, a good expert of Neapolitan Camorra and the Italian mafia in general, spoke of the Albanian mafia as a “no longer foreign mafia” to Italy and stressed that the Albanians and Italians have a "brotherly" relationship between each other. Saviano notes that the Camorra from Naples can't understand the Russian clans, which aren't based on family ties, and feels greater affinity with the Albanian crime families.[20] Stated in a separate report, it was noted that there has been some resurgence in violence during the second post-communist decade and occasional ‘flare ups’ still occur today, for example in Italy, where Russian gangsters have recently sought to establish operations in the north (especially Milan), a strategy which has brought them into conflict with both the indigenous Italian and Albanian factions.[17]

In an Albanian television station ShqipTV, Saviano went on to say that the Albanian and Italian factions are "one of the same", and that they don't consider each other as foreigners.[3]

According to the German Federal Intelligence Service, the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), in a leaked report to a Berlin newspaper; states that the 'Ndrangheta (one of the most notorious criminal organizations in Italy) "act in close co-operation with Albanian mafia families in moving weapons and narcotics across Europe's porous borders".[21]

[edit] United Kingdom

Albanian mafia gangs are believed to be largely behind sex trafficking, immigrants smuggling, as well as working with Turkish gangs in Southend-On-Sea, who control the heroin trade in the United Kingdom.[22][23]

Vice squad officers estimate that "Albanians now control more than 75 per cent of the country’s brothels and their operations in London’s Soho alone are worth more than £15 million a year." They are said to be present in every big city in Britain as well as many smaller ones including Telford and Lancaster, after having fought off rival criminals in turf wars. Associate groups within the organizations will also hide their criminal activities within restaurants, bars and clubs in an attempt to remain undercover.[24]

Albanian gangsters were also involved in the largest cash robbery in British crime history, the £53 million (about US$92.5 million at the time of the robbery) Securitas heist in 2006. [25]

[edit] Scotland

According to the Scottish Crime and Drug Enforcement Agency (SCDEA), Albanian Mafia groups have muscled in on the drug and vice trades within the Scottish underworld. The (SCDEA) notes that Albanian Mafia groups have established a foothold in arms and drugs trafficking in Scotland.

[edit] France

The Albanian Mafia in France has a monopoly over many criminal transactions including arms and drugs trafficing. The Albanian Mafia has a strong foothold in France which is a key strategy as other primary transactions are overseen in neighbouring countries by different mafia families or clans.[26]

[edit] Germany

Albanian Mafia families are one of the major criminal organizations in Germany, in particular, play a crucial role in the drug trade and the red light district. Although these facts are well known to German security authorities such as the (Bundesnachrichtendienst) , they are not willing to undertake an investigation against the Albanian criminal structures in Germany.[27]

"Ethnic Albanians" (as the German police officially calls them), no matter where they come from — Albania, Republic of Macedonia, or Kosovo — created for a very short time in the last decade of the century, a very powerful criminal network, says Manfred Quedzuweit, director of the Police Department for Fighting the Organized Crime in Hamburg. "Here, it could be heard that they are even more dangerous than Cosa Nostra.[28] Albanian "banks" in Germany are a special story. They are used for the transfer of money from Germany which amounts to a billion of D-marks a year. One of these banks was discovered by accident by the Düsseldorf police when they were checking a travel agency "Eulinda" owned by the Albanians. We haven't found a single catalogue or brochure for travelling at the agency, computers were not operating, nor the printer has been ever used. We found that "Eulinda" was a coverup for some other business, said high criminal counselor from Düsseldorf Rainer Bruckert. Eventually we found out that "Eulinda" had already transferred 150 million dollars to Kosovo — for "humanitarian purposes", says Bruckert. Money has been transferred by the couriers in special waist belts with many pockets. So, in a single one-way trip, they can carry up to six million D-marks.[28]

[edit] Belgium

The Albanian mafia has deep roots in Belgium, which was recently a topic of a special programme on Belgian RTBF Channel One. Reporters tried to investigate the roots of Albanian organized crime but have complained that it is too hard to penetrate the structure and organization of the Albanian mafia, but set out that the Albanian mafia acts on the model of the Italian one, whose crime is part of the "activities of entire families" and which has a clearly defined hierarchy. The Albanian mafia in Brussels has monopoly over activities such as "narcotics and arms deals" according to Belgian sources.[29]

[edit] Australia

Godfather of an Albanian Mafia family 'Daut Kadriovski' gained attention of Australian Authorities after creating a drug pipeline through Albanian and Croatian communities in Sydney and Brisbane.[30]

[edit] Prominent Albanian Mafiosi

  • Alex Rudaj: The boss of the Albanian Mafia's Rudaj Organization based in the New York City area.
  • Princ Dobroshi, One of the biggest heroin kingpins in Europe.
  • Alfred Shkurti (also known as Aldo Bare): The boss of one of the most notorious criminal syndicates in Albania known as the “Banda e Lushnjës” (the Lushnja Gang). According to Albanian authorities, “Banda e Lushnjës” is one of the most notorious organized crime group based in Lushnja, Albania which has international operations.[31] According to Albanian authorities,“Banda e Lushnjës”, under Aldo Bare "Leads one of the most important international drug trafficking rings"'[31]
  • Ismail Lika: According to the FBI, Ismail Lika was an Albanian mobster active in New York City in the 1980s. Dubbed the "King of the New York drug underworld", Ismail Lika issued a contract on Rudy Giuliani's prosecutors in 1985. Caught with at least $125 million in heroin, Lika issued a $400,000 contract on the prosecutor Alan Cohen and the detective Jack Delemore, both placed under protective custody.[32]
  • Lul Berisha Leader of a notorious clan based in Durrës, Albania. Known as "Banda e Lul Berishes", the clan, by its complex structure is engaged in moving drug and arms trafficking and other criminal activities throughout Europe. According to German and Albanian authorities, the clans international drug and arms trafficking spans to Turkey, Bulgaria, Italy, and Germany.[33]
  • Osmani Brothers According to the German Federal Intelligence Service (Bundesnachrichtendienst) the Osmani brothers as the "most important figures of organized crime in Hamburg and other cities in Germany"[34]
  • Myfit (Mike) Dika Former drug kingpin of the “Balkan Criminal Enterprises,”; an international criminal organization which spanned from Canada, the United States, to Europe.[35]
  • Kapllan Murat: Belgium's most notorious mobster. He was one of the masterminds behind the kidnapping of former Belgian Prime Minister Paul Vanden Boeynants in 1989. Three days later, the criminals published a note in the leading Brussels newspaper Le Soir, demanding 30 million Belgian francs in ransom. Paul Vanden Boeynants was released (physically unharmed) a month later, on 13 February, when an undisclosed ransom was paid to the perpetrators.[36]
  • Gjavit thaqi: Leader of the "Thaci Organization" which is a New York City-based organized crime syndicate. The Thaci Organization controls drug distribution cells in all five boroughs of New York City and Albany. According to the FBI, the Thaci Organization has international operations in Canada, the United States, and Europe.[37]
  • John Alite a.k.a. "Johnny Alletto" (born September 30, 1962) is a New York City based Albanian mobster. A former member of the Gambino crime family he was a friend and crew leader for John A. Gotti in the 1980s and 1990s. Following extradition from Brazil in 2006, he was convicted in Tampa, FL of several counts of murder conspiracy, racketeering and other charges stemming from allegedly heading a unit of the Gambino organization in Florida and was sentenced in 2011 to 10 years in prison (of which he had already served six). He was a prosecution witness against former associates, including Gotti and Charles Carneglia, in wide-ranging racketeering trials. While a part of the Gambino organization, because his family is Albanian, not Italian, Alite could not become a made member of the organization.
  • Naser Kelmendi: The leader of a Balkan Criminal Empire, as coined by Bosnian authorities. According to a report presented by Interpol, the Kelmendi crime family heads one of the most powerful organized criminal organizations not only in BiH, but in the whole region. The Kelmendi organization has been involved in drug and cigarette trafficking, money laundering and loan sharking.According to the Interpol report, the organization's influence reaches to Montenegro, Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia, Germany and the US.

[edit] In popular culture

[edit] In film

  • An Albanian criminal organization in Paris is responsible for the kidnapping of Liam Neeson's character's daughter in the 2009 film Taken.
  • Drive (2011 film):An American action-drama heist film which centers around a stunt performer in a heist gone wrong who gets entangled with an Albanian mafioso who is owed protection money."Cook", the Albanian mafioso is played by the Albanian-American actor James Biberi.
  • Le Chiffre is the main villain of the 2006 James Bond film, Casino Royale, portrayed by Danish actor Mads Mikkelsen. Believed by MI6 to be Albanian, Le Chiffre is banker to the world's terrorist organizations.
  • In the French movie The Nest the plot centers around an Albanian mob boss in police custody being escorted to the Hague.
  • Albanian mobsters Rexho and Luan feature in the Danish crime film Pusher III.
  • Dossier K, a Belgian crime thriller, portrays the Albanian mafia in Belgium.
  • In "We Own the Night"; A final drug transaction is made with the Albanian Mafia.
  • In the movie "In With Thieves" A blood diamond deal goes wrong which throws Albanian Mafioso into chaos in the criminal underworld.

[edit] In television

[edit] In games

  • The videogame Grand Theft Auto IV features the "Petrela gang" a small crew of Albanian shylocks and goods smugglers. The only known members are Dardan Petrela, Kalem Vulaj, and Bledar Morina. Later in the game, Albanian gangs appear working as muscle for other organizations, such as the Cosa Nostra or the Bratva. In Liberty City the Albanian mob holds a stronghold in the Little Bay section of Bohan.
  • In the video game Socom 2 your first mission is to capture several kingpins in Albania.

[edit] In documentary

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ http://www.humsec.eu/cms/fileadmin/user_upload/humsec/Journal/Stojarova_Organized_Crime_in_the_Western_Balkans.pdf
  2. ^ http://books.google.ca/books?id=UcrWRVykMgEC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=the+fifteen+families+albanian&source=bl&ots=JIFrh-dvM4&sig=G5VFL8-pKitwxvVlNskjGdvoL2w&hl=en&ei=a1l-Tsa2Nojj0QHwnJgD&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=the%20fifteen%20families%20albanian&f=false
  3. ^ a b http://lindja.hpage.com/
  4. ^ http://rieas.gr/index.php?Itemid=42&id=332&option=com_content&task=view
  5. ^ NY Times article
  6. ^ "Articles About Albanian By Date - Page 2". Daily News (New York). http://articles.nydailynews.com/keyword/albanian/recent/2. 
  7. ^ http://gangstersinc.ning.com/profiles/blogs/albanian-boss-alex-rudaj
  8. ^ http://www.mfa.gov.rs/FDP/nyp27102004_e.html
  9. ^ http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/organizedcrime/balkan
  10. ^ Midnight sun has a dark side
  11. ^ a b http://www.flarenetwork.org/learn/europe/article/albanian_mafia_behind_swiss_heroin_market.htm
  12. ^ The Times Of India. http://iplextra.indiatimes.com/article/0b64bwN5y6gWa. 
  13. ^ [1]
  14. ^ FBI information on Balkan organized crime
  15. ^ FBI: Albanian mobsters 'new Mafia'
  16. ^ a b Brendan McGarvey (2002-12-12). "Another group of Eastern-European gunsels makes its mark". http://www.citypaper.net/articles/2002-12-12/cb3.shtml. 
  17. ^ a b http://thevieweast.wordpress.com/2011/10/07/mafia-international-organised-crime-in-central-and-eastern-europe/
  18. ^ Celestine Bohlen (March 19, 1997), "Italian Port Is 'Tired of Seeing These Albanians'", New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/19/world/italian-port-is-tired-of-seeing-these-albanians.html 
  19. ^ a b c Ralf Mutschke (Assistant Director, Criminal Intelligence Directorate) (13 December 2000), The Threat Posed by the Convergence of Organized Crime, Drugs Trafficking and Terrorism (written testimony to the U.S. Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime), Interpol, http://www.globalsecurity.org/security/library/congress/2000_h/001213-mutschke.htm 
  20. ^ http://www.balcanicaucaso.org/eng/Regions-and-countries/Balkans/Roberto-Saviano-on-the-mafia-and-Eastern-Europe
  21. ^ Hall, Allan; Popham, Peter (August 16, 2007). The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/mafia-war-blamed-for-shooting-of-six-italian-men-in-germany-461761.html. 
  22. ^ Thompson, Tony. Gangs: A Journey into the heart of the British Underworld, 2004 ISBN 0-340-83053-0
  23. ^ The Independent - gun gangs of the capital
  24. ^ Times Online - Albanian gangs control violent vice networks
  25. ^ http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/securitas-heist-five-found-guilty-290530
  26. ^ http://www.drmcc.org/IMG/pdf/4069f96a66504.pdf
  27. ^ http://balkanblog.org/2007/02/28/die-albanische-mafia-in-deutschland/
  28. ^ a b "Spider's net of the Albanian Mafia in Germany", Spiegel, August 08, 1999 [2]
  29. ^ http://www.albaniacountry.info/albanian-mafia-has-deep-roots-in-belgium
  30. ^ [3]
  31. ^ a b http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:oDDFsBrxkGoJ:www.mrt-rrt.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/70/alb32714.pdf.aspx+lushnja+gang&hl=en&gl=ca&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg3cywwgjmogjQb0p6YvrMxfinN4WC8X-EpX0KEcdEnYTfae7U_MUWqz5_bS5DFGSq_dBaTPQqz45ksA_9BHltpi9dUya2OCVk428hB9QJnnMOWEv39q1SiU81UkxgYxp30Yy9z&sig=AHIEtbSwa38Jx0_VnitB65jxp2pKPz4WRw
  32. ^ http://www.alibris.com/search/books/isbn/9781156111741
  33. ^ http://www.forumishqiptar.com/showthread.php?t=63926
  34. ^ http://www.thehamburgexpress.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=1063
  35. ^ http://www.fbi.gov/newark/press-releases/2010/nk012610a.htm
  36. ^ http://www.docstoc.com/docs/70396059/List-of-kidnappings
  37. ^ http://www.timesunion.com/local/article/Albania-mob-busts-in-area-1465349.php#photo-1115583

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