Albrecht von Graefe (ophthalmologist)

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For the German politician, see Albrecht von Graefe (politician).
Albrecht von Gräfe
BornMay 22, 1828
Finkenheerd, Brandenburg
DiedJuly 20, 1870
Berlin, Brandenburg
NationalityPrussian
Alma materHumboldt University of Berlin
Known fortreatment of glaucoma
Scientific career
Fieldsophthalmology

Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Albrecht von Gräfe,[1] often Anglicized to Graefe[2] (May 22, 1828 – July 20, 1870), was a Prussian pioneer of German ophthalmology. Graefe was born in Finkenheerd, Brandenburg, the son of Karl Ferdinand von Graefe (1787-1840). He was the father of the far right politician Albrecht von Graefe (1868-1933).

Background

Graefe studied philosophy, logic, natural sciences and anatomy in Berlin, obtaining his medical doctorate in 1847. He continued his studies at Prague, Paris, Vienna and London, and having devoted special attention to ophthalmology, in 1850, he began to practice as an oculist in Berlin. Here, he founded a private institution for the treatment of eyes. During the same year, he received his habiltation with the thesis Über die Wirkung der Augenmuskeln.[3]

In 1858 he became an associate professor of ophthalmology in Berlin, where in 1866 he was appointed a full professor.[4] In 1870, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

In 1862 he married Anna Knuth. The couple had three children, two of whom died in infancy.

Graefe died in Berlin from pulmonary tuberculosis on July 20, 1870. His grave is preserved in the Protestant Friedhof II der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde (Cemetery No. II of the congregations of Jerusalem's Church and New Church) in Berlin-Kreuzberg, south of Hallesches Tor.

Memorial at the Charité Berlin by Rudolf Siemering

Contributions

Cataract knife according to Graefe

Graefe made many contributions to ophthalmological science, being considered one of the more important (if not the most important) figures in 19th century ophthalmology. Among his achievements were a method of treating glaucoma and a new operation for cataract.

He introduced iridectomy for glaucoma,[5] identified retardation of the eyelid in Basedow's disease,[4] and described the combination of retinitis pigmentosa and perceptive deafness in Usher's syndrome.[6] Also, he provided early descriptions of optic neuritis (1860),[7] chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (1868).[8] and papilledema (involving four patients with brain tumor and a swelling of the optic disc).[4][9] In addition, he is credited with design of a specialized knife, the "Von Graefe knife", for cataract surgery.[10] This knife was used till the 1960s. The eponymous "Gräfe's sign" is associated with Graves-Basedow disease.[11]

In 1855 he founded the Archiv für Ophthalmologie, in which Carl Ferdinand von Arlt (1812-1887) and Franciscus Donders (1818-1889) collaborated. In 1863 he founded the Deutsche Ophtalmologische Gesellschaft.[4]

Notes

  1. ^ "public domain Baynes, T. S., ed. (1875–1889). Encyclopædia Britannica (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)", in the Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. XI. 1880.
  2. ^ See the article on Ä.
  3. ^ Biography and bibliography in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
  4. ^ a b c d Albrecht von Graefe @ Who Named It
  5. ^ Medical disctionary Graefe's operation
  6. ^ Usher's syndrome @ Who Named It
  7. ^ Optic Neuritis: Historical Aspects J Neuroophthalmol 2001 December;21(4):302-309
  8. ^ MR of Extraocular Muscles in Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 19:95–99, January 1998
  9. ^ Cyber-Sight Orbis Papilledema
  10. ^ ASCRS Eye World Graefe honored for advances in ophthalmology
  11. ^ Graefe's sign at WhoNamedIt

References

  • See Ein Wort der Erinnerung an Albrecht von Gräfe (Halle, 1870) by his cousin, Alfred Gräfe (1830–1899), also a distinguished ophthalmologist, and the author of Das Sehen der Schielenden (Wiesbaden 1897); and E Michaelis, Albrecht von Gräfe. Sein Leben und Wirken (Berlin,1877).
  • Tan SY, Zia JK (September 2007). "Albrecht von Graefe (1828–1870): founder of scientific ophthalmology" (PDF). Singapore Medical Journal. 48 (9): 797–8. PMID 17728957.
  • Klopstock T (August 2004). "Albrecht von Graefe (1828–1870)". Der Nervenarzt (in German). 75 (8): 831. doi:10.1007/s00115-004-1736-1. PMID 15175855. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Emel'ianova NA, Iakovlev AA (2001). "Albrecht von Graefe—an outstanding German ophthalmologist (his life, medical and scientific activities)". Vestnik Oftalmologii (in Russian). 117 (6): 54–5. PMID 11845701. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Kohnen T (September 2000). "The ASCRS honouring of Albrecht von Graefe. American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery". Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 238 (9): 807. doi:10.1007/s004170000201. PMID 11045351.
  • Haas LF (April 1998). "Albrecht von Graefe (1828–70)". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 64 (4): 504. doi:10.1136/jnnp.64.4.504. PMC 2170041. PMID 9576543.
  • Remky H (September 1995). "Albrecht von Graefe. Facets of his work. On the occasion of the 125th anniversary of his death (20 July 1870)". Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 233 (9): 537–48. doi:10.1007/BF00404703. PMID 8543203.
  • Verdaguer J (September 1992). "Albrecht von Graefe: The man and his time". Revista Médica De Chile (in Spanish). 120 (9): 1070–9. PMID 1340988. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Koelbing HM, Speiser P (1990). "The Graefe memorial stone—in memory of A. von Graefe's contributions in Heiden". Gesnerus (in German). 47 (1): 109–17. PMID 2184097. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Jaeger W (1988). "Numismatic history of the von Graefe Medal of the German Ophthalmological Society". Klinika Oczna (in German). 90 (4–5): 186–7. PMID 3071653. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Kyle RA, Shampo MA (July 1980). "Albrecht von Graefe". JAMA. 244 (1): 20. doi:10.1001/jama.244.1.20. PMID 6991724.
  • Fuhrmeister H (May 1980). "Hallesche Duplikate der Majolikareliefs vom Berliner Albrecht-von-Graefe-Denkmal". Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde (in German). 176 (5): 867–9. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1057574. PMID 7003219. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Blodi FC (September 1979). "Ophthalmology and philately: I. Ophthalmologists on stamps.--Albrecht von Graefe (1828–1870)". Archives of Ophthalmology. 97 (9): 1653. PMID 383052.
  • Kettesy A (December 1975). "The polemics on strabogenesis between A. v. Graefe and F. C. Donders (author's transl)". Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde (in German). 167 (6): 785–91. PMID 775177. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • "Von Graefe-prize. Determinations". Bericht Über Die Zusammenkunft (in German). 71: 755–6. 1972. PMID 4582045. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • "Statute concerning the award and grant of the "Graefe medal"". Bericht Über Die Zusammenkunft (in German). 71: 755. 1972. PMID 4582044. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Wachholz EA (1972). "Cataract knife and cataract incision from Jean Jacques Daviel to Albrecht von Graefe". Bericht Über Die Zusammenkunft (in German). 71: 709–12. PMID 4582039. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Goldmann H (1971). "Albrecht von Graefe und das Glaukom". Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv für Klinische und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie (in German). 181 (2): 94–106. doi:10.1007/BF00414750. PMID 4929756. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Rintelen F (1971). "Albrecht von Graefe, seine Persönlichkeit, seine Zeit". Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv für Klinische und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie (in German). 181 (2): 79–93. doi:10.1007/BF00414749. PMID 4929755. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Cooper SN (December 1970). "Editorial. Albrecht von Graefe". Journal of the All-India Ophthalmological Society. 18 (4): 150–3. PMID 4945054.
  • Toselli C (September 1970). "In memory of Albrecht von Graefe. (1828–1870)". Annali di Ottalmologia e Clinica Oculistica (in Italian). 96 (9): 433–51. PMID 4932709. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Böck J (1970). "Zum 100. Todestag Albrecht von Graefes". Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv für Klinische und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie (in German). 180 (2): 93. doi:10.1007/BF00411322. PMID 4918512. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Hoffmann-Axthelm W (1969). "The von Graefe family and their estate "Finkenherd" in the Berlin zoological garden". Bericht Über Die Zusammenkunft (in German). 69: 685–706. PMID 4901495. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • , (July 1966). "Albrecht von Graefe (1828–1870)". JAMA. 197 (4): 292–3. doi:10.1001/jama.1966.03110040102025. PMID 5328336. {{cite journal}}: |author= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  • "Dr. Albrecht von Graefe in Behrenstrasse will treat free of charge the eye diseases of the poor". Archives of Ophthalmology. 74 (4): 545–8. October 1965. doi:10.1001/archopht.1965.00970040547020. PMID 5320138.
  • Leopold IH (1958). "Albrecht von Graefe". Diabetes. 7 (2): 151–4. doi:10.2337/diab.7.2.151. PMID 13512131.
  • Kugelberg F (December 1950). "Albrecht von Graefe, 1828–1870; memorial lecture at the Swedish Medical Association meeting on the 10th of October 1950". Svenska Läkartidningen (in Swedish). 47 (51): 2954–63. PMID 14798580. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  • Famous Ophthalmologists

External links

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