Aleksandar Just
Aleksandar Just (1872-1937) was a physicist and inventor who, with Croatian Franjo Hannaman, in 1904 was the first to develop and patent an electric bulb with a Tungsten filament, made by extruding a paste of tungsten powder and a carbonaceous binder, to produce a fine thread, then removing the carbon by heating in an atmosphere of hydrogen and water vapor.[1] It received a Hungarian patent in 1904 and later US Patent 1,018,502. In 1905, Just and Hanaman patented a process for producing tungsten filaments with by plating carbon filaments tungsten, then removing the carbon by heating.[2] These early tungsten lamps was more efficient than a carbon filament lamp, because it could operate at a high temperature, due to the high melting point of tungsten, but because the tungsten was not ductile, it was so brittle as to be of limited practical use.[3] It was supplanted by the drawn tungsten filament lamp, developed in 1910 by William David Coolidge.
[edit] References
- ^ [1] Coolidge, W.D.., "Metallic tungsten and some of its applications," Transaction of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Vol. XXXI, Part 1. June 25, 1912. Pages 1219-1228. Retrieved December 14, 2011
- ^ Hirst, H. "Recent progress in tungsten metallic filament lamps," The Electrical Journal, Volume LXI, May 22, 1908, pages 215-216. Retrieved December 14, 2011
- ^ Day, Lance and McNeil, Ian "Biographical dictionary of the history of technology," Routledge, 1996. Cited edition is Taylor & Francis eBook, 2005, page 290. ISBN 0-20131-0. Retrieved December 14, 2011.
