Alexander Bay, Northern Cape

Alexander Bay, Northern Cape
Alexander Bay, Northern Cape Location in the Northern Cape
Alexander Bay, Northern Cape
Coordinates: 28°35′S 16°29′E
Country	South Africa
Province	Northern Cape
District	Namakwa
Municipality	Richtersveld
Area
• Total	3.33 km2 (1.29 sq mi)
Population (2001)
• Total	1,452
• Density	436/km2 (1,130/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2001)
• Black African	2.9%
• Coloured	64.7%
• Indian/Asian	0.2%
• White	32.2%
First languages (2001)
• Afrikaans	96.1%
• English	1.9%
• Xhosa	1.2%
• Other	0.8%
Time zone	SAST (UTC+2)
Postal code	8290
Area code(s)	027

Alexander Bay (Afrikaans: Alexanderbaai) is a town in the extreme north-west of South Africa, also known as the region of Little Namaqualand. It is located on the southern bank of the Orange River mouth. It was named for Sir James Alexander, who was the first person to map the area whilst on a Royal Geographical Society expedition into Namibia in 1836. (It is mistakenly believed by many locals that it was he who first established commercial copper mining in the area.) With diamonds being discovered along the West Coast in 1925, Alexander Bay was established to service the mining industry.

Alexander Bay is the most northerly situated town along the west coastline of South Africa. It is 150 miles (240 km) north-west of Springbok, the administrative centre of Namaqualand. Being near the southern end of the Namib desert, it is officially also the driest town in South Africa with an average annual rainfall of less than 2 inches (50 mm). The cold Benguela Current in the Atlantic Ocean has a moderating influence on the coastal climate with only small variations in diurnal and seasonal temperatures.

Alexander Bay
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     0   28 15     0   27 15     0   27 14     2   26 12     3   24 10     6   22 9     3   21 8     3   21 8     1   23 9     2   24 10     0   26 13     0   26 14 Average max. and min. temperatures in °C Precipitation totals in mm Source: SA Explorer
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     0   82 59     0   81 59     0   81 57     0.1   79 54     0.1   75 50     0.2   72 48     0.1   70 46     0.1   70 46     0   73 48     0.1   75 50     0   79 55     0   79 57 Average max. and min. temperatures in °F Precipitation totals in inches

After diamonds were discovered along this coast in 1925 by Dr Hans Merensky, Alexander Bay became known for its mining activities. The resulting 'diamond rush' led to the Diamond Coast rebellion of 1928. Copper ore were shipped through the Richtersveld in barges down the Orange River for export from this bay. The town was a high security area and permits were needed when entered. It is no longer a high security area and no permits are needed. The Orange River enters the Atlantic Ocean at Alexander Bay. The Orange River wetland forms the border between South Africa and Namibia. The Orange River wetland is a declared RAMSAR site. Fields of green and orange lichen, soon to be declared a national monument, grow on a hill near the turnoff Alexander Bay town.

The town of Oranjemund lies on the northern bank of the river, which forms the international border with Namibia. The two towns are linked by the Harry Oppenheimer Bridge.

The town is served by an airport known as the Alexander Bay Airport.