Alfred Bielschowsky
Alfred Bielschowsky (December 11, 1871 – April 5, 1940) was a German ophthalmologist. His specialty was physiology and pathology of the eye, particularly in regards to research of eye movement, space perception and diagnosis of oculomotor anomalies.
Bielschowsky was born in Namslau (Namysłów), Prussian Silesia. After attending the Königliches Katholisches Gymnasium of Glatz (Kłodzko), he studied medicine at the University of Breslau (Wrocław) and at the University of Heidelberg. At Heidelberg he was a student of ophthalmologist Theodor Leber. Afterwards he studied medicine at the University of Berlin, attending the lectures of Karl Ernst Theodor Schweigger and graduating in 1893. He received his medical license in Leipzig on March 1 of the same year.
Bielschowsky subsequently studied and worked in the eye clinic at the University of Leipzig, receiving his habilitation in 1900 and becoming head physician in 1906. While at Leipzig, he studied under Ewald Hering. In 1912 Bielschowsky attained the chair of ophthalmology at the University of Marburg.
During World War I, Bielschowsky established a hospital ward and Braille instruction for treatment of blinded soldiers. With Carl Strehl (1886-1971), he founded the Verein blinder Akademiker Deutschlands (Association of Blinded Academics of Germany). For his war-time contributions, he was awarded the Iron Cross for War Aid from Paul von Hindenburg and honored with the title of Geheimer Medizinalrat (Privy Medical Counselor) by Wilhelm II, German Emperor.
In 1923 Bielschowsky was appointed chair at Breslau. While at Breslau, Bielschowsky published Die Lähmungen der Augenmuskeln, an influential work concerning eye muscle disturbances.
Because of his Jewish heritage and Nazi persecution, Bielschowsky was fired from his position in 1934, and later emigrated to the United States in 1936. Here he became head of the Dartmouth Eye Institute at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. However, he died suddenly in 1940.
[edit] Associated eponym
- Bielschowsky's head tilt test: A test for palsy of the superior oblique muscle caused by damage to cranial nerve IV (trochlear nerve).
[edit] References
- Ophthalmology Hall of Fame (Biography and Photo)
- Alfred Bielschowsky @ Who Named It
- 1871 births
- 1940 deaths
- People from Namysłów
- German Jews who emigrated to the United States to escape Nazism
- Dartmouth Medical School faculty
- German ophthalmologists
- German people of World War I
- Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
- People from the Province of Silesia
- Recipients of the Iron Cross
- University of Heidelberg alumni
- University of Breslau alumni
- University of Breslau faculty
- University of Leipzig alumni
- University of Leipzig faculty
- University of Marburg faculty
