Australian King Parrot

Australian king parrot
Female on left and male on right
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Psittaciformes
Family:	Psittacidae
Genus:	Alisterus
Species:	A. scapularis
Binomial name
Alisterus scapularis (Lichtenstein, 1818)
Australian King Parrot range (red: all-year resident)

The Australian King Parrot (Alisterus scapularis) is endemic to eastern Australia. It is found in humid and heavily forested upland regions of the eastern portion of the continent, including eucalyptus wooded areas in and directly adjacent to subtropical and temperate rainforest. They feed on fruits, seeds or small insects.

Taxonomy

The Australian King Parrot was first described by the German naturalist Martin Lichtenstein in 1818. The species belongs to the genus Alisterus, whose three members are known as king parrots. The genus is sometimes sunk into the genus Aprosmictus.^{[citation needed]}

Two subspecies are recognised, which are differentiated by size:

• Alisterus scapularis (Lichtenstein, 1816)
  • Alisterus scapularis minor Mathews, 1911
  • Alisterus scapularis scapularis (Lichtenstein, 1816)

Description

Juvenile

Adults of both sexes are about 43 cm (17 in) in length, including the long broad tail. The adult male has a red head, breast, and lower undersides, with a blue band on the back of the neck between the red above and green on the back, the wings are green and each has a pale green shoulder band, the tail is green, and the rump is blue. The male has a reddish-orange upper mandible with a black tip, a black lower mandible with an orange base, and yellow irises. The plumage of the female is much different to the male having a green head and breast, a grey beak, and the pale shoulder band is small or absent. Juveniles of both sexes have brown irises and a yellowish beak, and otherwise resemble the female.

There are two subspecies; A. s. minor is found at the northern limit of the species range and is similar in appearance to the nominate subspecies but smaller, typically about 5 cm (2 in) smaller in length.

On those rare individuals which have areas without melanin, feathers are orange to yellow. Such a bird can look startingly different to the more common scarlet and green variety (see example in gallery below).

Distribution and habitat

Australian King Parrots range from North and Central Queensland to Southern Victoria. They are frequently seen in small groups with various species of rosella. Further from their normal eastern upland habitat, they are also found in Canberra during winter, the outer western suburbs and north shore of Sydney, and the Carnarvon Gorge in Central Queensland.

Aviculture

In their native Australia, King Parrots are occasionally bred in aviaries and kept as calm and relatively quiet household pets if hand-raised. They are relatively unknown outside Australia. As pets, they have limited "talking" ability and normally prefer not to be handled, but they do bond readily to people and can be very devoted. Life expectancy in the wild is unknown, but some pets have been known to live for up to 25 years.

Various views and plumages

• 

  Pair feeding, female on left

• 

  Juvenile

• 

  Juvenile eating

• 

  Male

• 

  Female

• 

  Male in the wild in Brisbane

• 

  Male at nest hole

• 

  Unusual variant with yellow feathers

References

• BirdLife International (2004). Alisterus scapularis. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 11 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
• Australian Parrots, by Forshaw, Joseph M., Illustrated by Cooper, William T., 2002, Third (revised) Edition, Alexander Editions, ISBN 0-9581212-0-6
• Photographic Field Guide Birds of Australia (second edition); ISBN 1-876334-78-9.
• Field Guide to the Birds of Australia, 7th Edition, Simpson & Day.

Cited texts

• Forshaw, Joseph M. (2006). Parrots of the World; an Identification Guide. Illustrated by Frank Knight. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691092516. 
• Simpson & Day (2004). A Field Guide to the Birds of Australia, 7th Edition. Penguin. ISBN 0-670-04180-7. 

External links

• World Parrot Trust Parrot Encyclopedia - Species Profile
• Australian King Parrot