Alpe d'Huez
| L'Alpe d'Huez | |
|---|---|
 Tour de France arrival line, avenue du Rif Nel. |
|
| Elevation | 1,860 m (6,102 ft) |
| Location | |
 L'Alpe d'Huez
 France |
|
| Range | Alps |
| Coordinates | 45°03′37″N 6°04′17″E / 45.06028°N 6.07139°ECoordinates: 45°03′37″N 6°04′17″E / 45.06028°N 6.07139°E |
L'Alpe d'Huez is a ski resort at 1,860 to 3,330 metres (6,100 to 10,930 ft). It is a mountain pasture in the Central French Alps, in the commune of Huez, in the Isère département in the Rhône-Alpes region.
Contents |
[edit] Summer
[edit] Tour de France
L'Alpe d'Huez is one of the main mountains in the Tour de France. It has been a stage finish almost every year since 1976, although absent from the route in both 2009 and 2010, the first time since 1976 that it has missed two consecutive years. It is a favourite on all Tour de France anniversary years. The first was in 1952, won by Fausto Coppi.[1]
The race was brought to the mountain by Élie Wermelinger, the chief commissaire or referee.[1] He drove his Dyna-Panhard car between snow banks that lined the road in March 1952, invited by a consortium of businesses who had opened hotels at the summit.[2] Their leader was Georges Rajon, who ran the Hotel Christina.[3] The ski station there opened in 1936. Wermelinger reported to the organiser, Jacques Goddet, and the Tour signed a contract with the businessmen to include the Alpe.[2] It cost them the modern equivalent of €3,250.[3]
Coppi attacked 6 kilometres from the summit to rid himself of the French rider, Jean Robic.[1][4] He turned the Alpe into an instant legend because this was the year that motorcycle television crews first came to the Tour.[1] It was also the Tour's first mountain-top finish.[5] The veteran reporter, Jacques Augendre, said:
- The Tourmalet, the Galibier and the Izoard were the mythical mountains of the race. These three cols were supplanted by the Alpe d'Huez. Why? Because it's the col of modernity. Coppi's victory in 1952 was the symbol of a golden age of cycling, that of champions [such as] Coppi, Bartali, Kubler, Koblet, Bobet. But only Coppi and Armstrong have been able to take the maillot jaune on the Alpe and to keep it to Paris. That's not by chance. From the first edition, shown on live television, the Alpe d'Huez definitively transformed the way the Grande Boucle ran. No other stage has had such drama. With its 21 bends, its gradient and the number of spectators, it is a climb in the style of Hollywood.[4] (The veteran reporter should have included the name Fignon along with Coppi and Armstrong. Laurent Fignon took yellow on the Alpe (without winning the stage) in 1983, 1984, and 1989. He held it into Paris in 1983 and 1984 but in 1989 he lost it on the final stage to Paris, a time trial, to Greg LeMond to finish second by 8", the closest finish in tour history.)
After Coppi, however, the Alpe was dropped until 1964 and then again until 1976,[6] both times at Rajon's instigation.[3]
The climb is 13.8 km at an average 7.9 per cent, with 21 hairpins named after the winners of stages there. There were too many when the race made the 22nd climb in 2001 so naming restarted at the bottom with Lance Armstrong's name added to Coppi's.
French journalist and L'Equipe sportswriter Jean-Paul Vespini wrote a book about Alpe d'Huez and its role in the Tour de France: The Tour Is Won on the Alpe: Alpe d'Huez and the Classic Battles of the Tour de France.
[edit] Spectators
The Alpe has chaotic crowds of spectators. In 1999, Giuseppe Guerini won despite being knocked off by a spectator who stepped into his path to take a photograph. The 2004 individual time trial became chaotic when fans pushed riders toward the top. Attendance figures on the mountain have to be treated with caution. A million spectators were claimed for 1997. Eric Muller, the mayor of Alpe d'Huez, however, said there were 350,000 in 2001, four years later despite acceptance that the number rises every year. "We expect more than 400,000 for the centenary race in 2003," he said.[7] The author Tim Moore wrote:
- As a variant on a sporting theme, Alpe d'Huez annoys the purists but enthrals the broader public, like 20/20 cricket or nude volleyball. Last year, a full-blown tent-stamping riot had required heavy police intervention. During this year's clean-up operation, down in a ravine with the bottle shards and dented emulsion tins, a body turned up. He'd fallen off the mountain and no one had noticed. When the Tour goes up Alpe d'Huez, it's a squalid, manic and sometimes lethal shambles, and that's just the way they like it. It's the Glastonbury Festival for cycling fans.[8]
Alpe d'Huez is the "Dutch Mountain", a Dutchman having won eight of the first 14 finishes. The writer Geoffrey Nicholson said:
- The attraction of opposites draws them [Dutch spectators] from the Low Countries to the Alps each summer in any case. But all winter in the Netherlands coach companies offer two or three nights at Alpe d'Huez as a special feature of their alpine tours. And those Dutch families who don't come by coach, park their campers and pitch their tents along the narrow ledges beside the road like sea-birds nesting at St Kilda. The Dutch haven't adopted the Alpe d'Huez simply because it is sunny and agreeable, or even because the modern, funnel-shaped church, Notre Dame des Neiges, has a Dutch priest, Father Reuten (until a few years ago, it was used as a press room and was probably the only church in France where, for one day at least, there were ashtrays in the nave and a bar in the vestry, or where an organist was once asked to leave because he was disturbing the writers' concentration). No, what draws the Dutch to Alpe d'Huez is the remarkable run of success their riders have had there."[9]
The Dutch have won none of the last 13 stages, however; six have been won by Italians, three by Americans, twice by Spaniards, one by Fränk Schleck of Luxembourg, and the most recent by French cyclist Pierre Rolland.[10]
[edit] Significant stages
1952: Jean Robic attacked at the start of the climb and only Fausto Coppi could stay with him. The two climbed together until Coppi attacked at bend five, four kilometres from the top. He won the stage, the yellow jersey and the Tour.
1977: Lucien Van Impe, a Belgian rider leading the climbers' competition, broke clear on the Col du Glandon. He gained enough time to threaten the leader, Bernard Thévenet. He was still clear on the Alpe when a car drove into him. The time that Van Impe waited for another wheel was enough to keep Thévenet in the lead by eight seconds.
1978: Another Belgian leading the mountains race also came close to taking the yellow jersey. Michel Pollentier also finished alone, but he was caught soon afterwards defrauding a drugs control and was disqualified.
1984: The Tour invited amateurs to take part in the 1980s. The best was Luis Herrera, who lived at 2,000m in Colombia. None of the professionals could follow him. He won alone to the cacophony of broadcasters who had arrived to report his progress.
1986: Bernard Hinault said he would help Greg LeMond win the Tour but appeared to ride otherwise. The two crossed the line arm in arm in an apparent sign of truce.
1997: Marco Pantani, who won on the Alpe two years earlier, attacked three times and only Jan Ullrich could match him. He lasted until 10 km from the summit and Pantani rode on alone to win in what is often quoted as record speed (see below).
2001: Lance Armstrong feigned vulnerability earlier in the stage, appearing to be having an off-day. At the bottom of the Alpe d'Huez climb, Armstrong moved to the front of the lead group of riders and then looked back at Jan Ullrich, his main rival for the Yellow Jersey that year, seeming to challenge him to follow Armstrong up the climb. Seeing no response from Ullrich, Armstrong accelerated away from the field to claim the victory, 1:59 ahead of Ullrich.
[edit] Winners
*In 1979 there were two stages at Alpe d'Huez.
The peak is also finish of La Marmotte, a one-day, 175 km ride with 5000m of climbing. It is also used for downhill, or Alpine skiing.
[edit] Fastest Alpe d'Huez ascents
The climb has been timed since 1994 so earlier times are subject to discussion. From 1994 to 1997 the climb was timed from 14.5 km from the finish. Since 1999 photo-finish has been used from 14 km. Other times have been taken 13.8 km from the summit, which is the start of the climb. Others have been taken from the junction 700m from the start.[11]
These variations have led to a debate. Pantani's 37m 35s has been cited by Procycling and World Cycling Productions, publisher of Tour de France DVDs, and by Cycle Sport. In a biography of Pantani,[12] Matt Rendell notes Pantani at: 1994 – 38m 0s; 1995 – 38m 4s; 1997 – 37m 35s. The Alpe tourist association describes the climb as 14.454 km and lists Pantani's 37m 35s (23.08 km/h) as the record.[13]
Other sources give Pantani's times from 1994, 1995 and 1997 as the fastest, based on timings adjusted for the 13.8 km.[14] Such sources list Pantani's time in 1995 as the record at 36m 40s. In Blazing Saddles, Rendell has changed his view and listed it as 36m 50s[15] as does CyclingNews.[13] Second, third, and fourth fastest are Pantani in 1997 (36m 45s), Pantani in 1994 (37m 15s) and Jan Ullrich in 1997 (37m 30s). Armstrong's time in 2004 (37m 36s) makes him fifth fastest, highlighting how the 1990s had faster ascents than other eras.
A number of cycling publications cite times prior to 1994, although distances are typically not included, making comparisons difficult. Coppi has been listed with 45m 22s for 1952.[14]
In the 1980s Gert-Jan Theunisse, Pedro Delgado, Luis Herrera, and Laurent Fignon rode in times stated to be faster than Coppi's, but still not breaking 40m. Greg Lemond and Bernard Hinault have been reported as having the times of 48m 0s in 1986.[16]
It was not until Gianni Bugno and Miguel Indurain in 1991, that times faster than 40m were reported, including in the 39m range for Bjarne Riis in 1995 and Richard Virenque in 1997. For 2006, Floyd Landis was listed at 38'34" and Andreas Kloden at 38m 35s.[17]
Procycling listed Fränk Schleck in 2006 as 40m 46s, the first in more than 40 minutes since 1994. The increased speed in the 1990s had been attributed to Erythropoietin or EPO. Riders with sub-40m times, such as Alex Zülle, Riis, and Virenque, have admitted using such products. Landis subsequently had a positive drugs test. There is strong evidence that Pantani took EPO, while Armstrong remains the subject of an ongoing doping investigation.[18][19]
[edit] Ascent times
| Rank | Time | Name | Year | Nationality |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 37' 35" | Marco Pantani | 1997 |  Italy |
| 2* | 37' 36" | Lance Armstrong | 2004 |  United States |
| 3 | 38' 00" | Marco Pantani | 1994 | Italy |
| 4 | 38' 01" | Lance Armstrong | 2001 | United States |
| 5 | 38' 04" | Marco Pantani | 1995 | Italy |
| 6 | 38' 23" | Jan Ullrich | 1997 |  Germany |
| 7 | 38' 34" | Floyd Landis | 2006 | United States |
| 8 | 38' 35" | Andreas Klöden | 2006 | Germany |
| 9* | 38' 37" | Jan Ullrich | 2004 | Germany |
| 10 | 39' 02" | Richard Virenque | 1997 | France |
| 11 | 39' 06" | Iban Mayo | 2003 |  Spain |
| 12* | 39' 17" | Andreas Klöden | 2004 | Germany |
| 13* | 39' 21" | Jose Azevedo | 2004 |  Portugal |
| 14 | 39' 28" | Miguel Induráin | 1995 | Spain |
| 15 | 39' 28" | Alex Zülle | 1995 |  Switzerland |
| 16 | 39' 30" | Bjarne Riis | 1995 |  Denmark |
| 17 | 39' 31" | Carlos Sastre | 2008 | Spain |
| 18 | 39' 44" | Gianni Bugno | 1991 | Italy |
| 19 | 39' 45" | Miguel Induráin | 1991 | Spain |
| 20 | 40' 00" | Jan Ullrich | 2001 | Germany |
| 21 | 40' 46" | Fränk Schleck | 2006 |  Luxembourg |
| 22 | 40' 51" | Alexander Vinokourov | 2003 |  Kazakhstan |
| 23 | 41' 18" | Lance Armstrong | 2003 | United States |
| 24 | 41' 21" | Samuel Sánchez | 2011 | Spain |
| 25 | 41' 30" | Alberto Contador | 2011 | Spain |
| 26 | 41' 46" | Cadel Evans | 2008 |  Australia |
| 27 | 41' 50" | Laurent Fignon | 1989 | France |
| 28 | 41' 50" | Luis Herrera | 1987 |  Colombia |
| 29 | 41' 57" | Pierre Rolland | 2011 | France |
| 30 | 42' 15" | Pedro Delgado | 1989 | Spain |
| 31 | 43' 12" | Ryder Hesjedal | 2011 |  Canada |
| 32 | 43' 12" | Thomas Danielson | 2011 | United States |
| 33 | 45' 20" | Gert-Jan Theunisse | 1989 |  Netherlands |
| 34 | 45' 22" | Fausto Coppi | 1952 | Italy |
| 35 | 48' 00" | Bernard Hinault | 1986 | France |
| 36 | 48' 00" | Greg Lemond | 1986 | United States |
* The 2004 stage was an individual time trial.
[edit] Mountain Biking
The resort caters for mountain bikers during the summer months, the pinnacle of which is the Megavalanche, a 'Downhill Enduro' Event that takes riders from lift station at the highest peak, Pic Blanc, to Allemont in the valley floor.
[edit] Triathlon
Since 2006 Cyrille Neveu has organized the Triathlon EDF Alpe d'Huez, which has become a major summer attraction.
[edit] Winter
[edit] Skiing at Alpe d'Huez
| Alpe d'Huez | |
|---|---|
| Location | Alpe d'Huez, France |
| Nearest city | Alpe d'Huez, France |
| Coordinates | 45°05′36″N 06°05′01″E / 45.09333°N 6.08361°E |
| Vertical | 2,224 metres (7,297 ft) |
| Top elevation | 3,330 metres (10,930 ft) |
| Base elevation | 1,120 metres (3,670 ft) |
| Skiable area | 236 square kilometres (58,000 acres) |
| Runs | 123 (249km) (easy 38, intermediate 68, difficult 17)[20] |
| Longest run | 16 km |
| Lift system | 84 (6 cable cars, 10 gondolas, 3 access lifts, 24 chairlifts, 41 drag lifts) |
| Lift capacity | 95,000 skiers/hr |
| Snowfall | 5.48 m/year (216 in./year) |
| Snowmaking | 64 square kilometres (16,000 acres) |
| Night skiing | Limited, 1 lift, 2 days/week |
| Web site | Alpe d'Huez |
Alpe d'Huez is one of Europe's premier skiing venues. The site of the Pomagalski's first surface lift in the mid thirties, the resort gained popularity when it hosted the bobsleigh events of the 1968 Winter Olympics. At that time the resort was seen as a competitor to Courchevel as France's most upmarket purpose built resort but the development of Les Trois Vallées, Val d'Isère, Tignes, La Plagne and Les Arcs saw Alpe D'Huez fall from favour in the 1970s and early 1980s.
With 249 km of piste and 84 ski lifts, the resort is now one of the world's largest. Extensive snowmaking facilities helped combat the ski area's largely south-facing orientation and helped Alpe d'Huez appeal to beginner skiers, with very easy slopes. The expansion of the skiing above the linked resorts of Vaujany, Oz-en-Oisans, Villard Reculas and Auris boosted the quantity and quality of intermediate grade slopes but the resort is mostly known for freeskiing, drawing many steep skiing enthusiasts to its high altitude terrain.
Aside from the Tunnel and Sarenne black runs, the latter the world's longest at 16 km, many Off-piste opportunities exist both from the summit of the 3330 m Pic Blanc and the 2808 m Dome des Petites Rousses. These include the 50-degree Cheminees du Mascle couloirs, the open powder field of Le Grand Sablat, the Couloir Fleur and the Perrins bowl. Up to 2200 m of vertical descent are available with heli drops back to the resort's altiport. The proximity to the exclusively off-piste resort of La Grave as well as tree skiing at Serre Chevalier and the glacier and terrain parks of Les Deux Alpes have made Alpe d'Huez a popular base for skiers looking to explore the Oisans region.
[edit] 1968 Winter Olympics
Alpe d'Huez hosted the bobsleigh events at the 1968 Winter Olympics based at Grenoble 65 kilometres (40 mi) away.[21] The track, built in spring 1966 for FRF 5,500,000, hosted the 1967 FIBT world championship. The cooling could not keep the ice solid in bright daylight – not least because the track faced south. The four-man event was cancelled because of thawing ice, and modifications were made in spring 1967 to prepare for the Games.[21] The refrigeration system was strengthened in turns 6, 9, 12, and 13; turn 12 was covered with stone and earthwork to prevent concrete coming up, turn 12 was cooled with liquid nitrogen, and shades were built on turns 6, 9, 12, and 13 to minimise direct sunlight.[21] Thawing remained a problem and Olympic bobsleigh events had to be scheduled before sunrise. The track closed in 1972 due to high operating costs but the structure remains as demolition would not have been economical.
| Sport | Length (meters) | Turns | Vertical drop (start to finish) | Average grade (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bobsleigh | 1500 | 13 | 140 | 9.33 |
No turn names were given for the track.
[edit] Sister cities
Alpe d'Huez's sister cities are:
Bormio, Italy, since 2005.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d Vélo, France, June 2004
- ^ a b Chany, Pierre (1988), La Fabuleuse Histoire du Tour de France, Nathan, France
- ^ a b c Procycling, UK, August 2002
- ^ a b L'Équipe Magazine, 17 July 2004
- ^ L'Équipe Magazine, 20 July 2002
- ^ Cycling Weekly, UK, November 2001
- ^ Journal du Dimanche, France, 13 July 2003
- ^ Procycling, UK, September 2004
- ^ Nicholson, Geoffrey (1991) Le Tour: the rise and rise of the Tour de France, Hodder and Stoughton, UK, ISBN 0-340-542638-3 p173
- ^ "Rolland wins on the Alpe d'Huez at end of epic stage". www.cyclingnews.com. 22 July 2011. http://www.cyclingnews.com/tour-de-france/stage-19/results. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
- ^ "Alpe d'Huez". www.gastrobiking.com. http://www.gastrobiking.com/region/alpe_dhuez.html. Retrieved 21 July 2008.
- ^ Rendell, Matt (2006). The Death of Marco Pantani – A Biography. Weidenfeld & Nicholson. ISBN 9780297850960.
- ^ a b Tim Maloney (21 July 2004). "Armstrong dominates on l'Alpe d'Huez". www.cyclingnews.com. http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2004/tour04/?id=results/stage16. Retrieved 21 July 2008.
- ^ a b "Les temps de référence dans la montée de l'Alpe d'Huez". grimpee.alpe.9online.fr. http://grimpee.alpe.9online.fr/references.html. Retrieved 20 July 2008.(French)
- ^ Rendell, Matt (2007). Blazing Saddles. Quercus (United Kingdom). ISBN 9781847241559.
- ^ "L'Alpe d'Huez – The first strike". www.cyclingnews.com. July 2003. http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2003/tour03/?id=features/alpe_dhuez. Retrieved 21 July 2008.
- ^ L'Équipe, 19 July 2006
- ^ Matt Rendell (7 March 2004). "The long, lonely road to oblivion". observer.guardian.co.uk. http://observer.guardian.co.uk/osm/story/0,,1161002,00.html. Retrieved 21 July 2008.
- ^ Matt Rendell (2006). The Death of Marco Pantani – A Biography. Weidenfeld & Nicholson. pp. 178. ISBN 9780297850960.
- ^ http://www.crystalski.co.uk/destinations/france/alpe_d_huez/alpe_d_huez.html
- ^ a b c d 1968 Winter Olympics official report. pp. 104–105. (English) & (French) – accessed 27 February 2008.
[edit] External links
- [1]
- Pezcyclingnews interview of Historian Jean-Paul Vespini's book "The Tour Is Won On The Alpe" by Matt Wood
- L'Alpe-d'Huez dans le Tour de France (French)
- Ski Resort Website (in French & English)
- Ski & snowboard Alpe d'Huez mobile wap information & meteo resource
- Oz-en-Oisans info
- Map and details of 5 Cycling Routes up Alpe d'Huez (in English)
- Alpe d'Huez – Independent guide to Alpe d'Huez in English
- VeloNews map of the climb with numbered corners
- The Tour Is Won on the Alpe: Alpe d'Huez and the Classic Battles of the Tour de France
- Interactive road map with photos of each hairpin-bend and road sign
- Google Map of Various Cycling Routes and Landmarks
- CYCLEFILM's Video Reconnaissance of Alpe d'Huez
- Grenoble Cycling information page on Alpe d'Huez including profiles, photos and map
- Cycling Alpe d'Huez from Bourg d'Oisans
- Cycling Alpe d'Huez. Description, profiles and pictures (french)
- Climbbybike: profile, video, roadmap, pictures and Alpe d'Huez cycling community (English – français – Nederlands – español – Deutsch)
- Short documentary showing l'Alpe d'Huez on Tour de France race day
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