Alveolar lateral flap

Alveolar lateral flap
ɺ
Image
IPA number	181
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	ɺ
Unicode (hex)	U+027A
X-SAMPA	l\
Kirshenbaum	*<lat>
Sound

The alveolar lateral flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɺ⟩, a fusion of a rotated lowercase letter ⟨r⟩ with a letter ⟨l⟩.

Some languages which are described as having a lateral flap, such as Japanese, actually have a flap which is indeterminant as to centrality, and may surface as either central or lateral, either depending on surrounding vowels or in free variation.

Features

Features of the alveolar lateral flap:

• Its manner of articulation is flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (usually the tongue) is thrown against another.
• Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
• Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
• It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Iwaidja		example needed		--
Japanese		ラーメン/rāmen	[ɺ̠aːmeɴ]	'ramen'	See Japanese phonology
Pirahã		toogixi	[tòːɺ͡ɺ̼ìʔì]	'hoe'	Only used in some types of speech.
Wayuu		püülükü	[pɯːɺɯkɯ]	'pig'	Contrasts with /r/

See also

• List of phonetics topics

Bibliography

• Okada, Hideo (1991), "Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21 (2): 94–97