Tetracaine (INN, also known as amethocaine; trade name Pontocaine. Ametop and Dicaine) is a potent local anesthetic of the ester group. It is mainly used topically in ophthalmology and as an antipruritic, and it has been used in spinal anesthesia.
In biomedical research, tetracaine is used to alter the function of calcium release channels (ryanodine receptors) that control the release of calcium from intracellular stores. Tetracaine is an allosteric blocker of channel function. At low concentrations, tetracaine causes an initial inhibition of spontaneous calcium release events, while at high concentrations, tetracaine blocks release completely.[1]
Chemistry [edit]
Tetracaine is synthesized from 4-butylaminobenzoic acid. The ethyl ester is formed through an acid-catalyzed esterification reaction. Base-catalyzed transesterification is achieved by boiling the ethyl ester of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with excess 2-dimethylaminoethanol in the presence of a small amount of sodium ethoxide.[2]
Tetracaine synthesis from Winthrop Chem. Co. Patent US1889645, 1932
References [edit]
- ^ Györke, S; Lukyanenko, V et al. (1997). Dual effects of tetracaine on spontaneous sodium release in rat ventricular myocytes 500 (2). J Physiol. pp. 297–309.
- ^ Winthrop Chemical Company, Inc. U.S. Patent 1,889,645, 1932.
Further reading [edit]
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| Antihemorrhoidals for topical use |
corticosteroids (Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, Betamethasone, Fluorometholone, Fluocortolone, Dexamethasone, Fluocinolone acetonide, Fluocinonide)
local anesthetics (Lidocaine, Tetracaine, Benzocaine, Dibucaine, Procaine, Oxetacaine, Pramocaine)
other ( Tribenoside)
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| Antivaricose therapy |
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| Capillary stabilising agents |
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