Ammonium chlorate

Ammonium chlorate
IUPAC name Ammonium chlorate
Identifiers
CAS number	10192-29-7 Y
PubChem	61491
ChemSpider	55411 Y
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES O=Cl(=O)O.N
InChI InChI=1S/ClHO3.H3N/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);1H3 Y Key: KHPLPBHMTCTCHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/ClHO3.H3N/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);1H3 Key: KHPLPBHMTCTCHA-UHFFFAOYAQ
Properties
Molecular formula	H4ClNO3
Molar mass	101.49 g mol−1
Appearance	small colorless crystals
Density	2.42 g/cm3
Melting point	380 °C (decomp.)
Hazards
Main hazards	strong oxidant, decomposes when heated
Related compounds
Other anions	Ammonium chloride Ammonium perchlorate
Other cations	Barium chlorate Potassium chlorate Sodium chlorate
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Ammonium chlorate is an inorganic compound with the formula NH₄ClO₃.

It is obtained by neutralizing chloric acid with either ammonia or ammonium carbonate, or by precipitating barium, strontium or calcium chlorates with ammonium carbonate or ammonium sulfate, producing the respective carbonate or sulfate precipitate and an ammonium chlorate solution. Ammonium chlorate crystallizes in small needles, readily soluble in water.

On heating, ammonium chlorate decomposes at about 102 °C, with liberation of nitrogen, chlorine and oxygen. It is soluble in dilute aqueous alcohol, but insoluble in strong alcohol. This compound is a strong oxidizer and should never be stored with flammable materials.

Ammonium chlorate is a very unstable oxidizer and will decompose, sometimes violently, at room temperature. This results from the mixture of the reducing ammonium cation and the oxidizing chlorate anion. It will explode when exposed to sunlight for a few minutes. Even solutions are known to be unstable. Because of the dangerous nature of this salt it should only be kept in solution when needed, and never be allowed to crystallize.