Anal language
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Not to be confused with Anus language.
| Anal | |
|---|---|
| Namfau | |
| Spoken in | India and Burma |
| Region | Southeast Manipur |
| Ethnicity | Anal people |
| Native speakers | 23,000 (date missing) |
| Language family |
Sino-Tibetan
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | anm |
Anal, also known as Namfau, is a Northern Kukish language, part of the Sino-Tibetan language family, spoken by a dwindling number of Anal people in India, Burma, and possibly Bangladesh.[1] It had 14,000 speakers in India according to the 2001 census.[1] UNESCO lists Anal as having 23,000 speakers in total, making it a vulnerable language.[2] It has two principal dialects, Laizo and Malshom, and is closest to Lamkang. The language of wider communication is Meithei.
Anal is written in the Latin script,[3] with a literacy rate of about 74%.[1]
[edit] Vocabulary
The following vocabulary is typical of the language.[4]
| Anal | gloss | Anal | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| khol | 'deep hole'; 'social division' | ahno | 'kind of short skirt' |
| lunguin | 'kind of long shawl' | zupar | 'rice beer' |
| piruili | 'elopement' | min | 'bride price' |
| ithin | 'divorce' | sinnuperu | 'adultery' |
| pakum | 'hearth' | mote | 'first-born' |
| kepu | 'second-born' | cakhow | 'brown rice' |
| khon | 'fiftee Rupees' | thunlon | 'grave' |
| dao | 'kind of iron blade' | shingkho | 'plate' |
| vopum | 'basket' | athiru | 'kind of marble necklace' |
| akarfo | 'kind of China neclace' | sanamba | 'kind of fiddle' |
| tilli | 'kind of flageolet' | tuklee | 'kind of loom' |
[edit] References
- ^ a b c "Ethnologue". Ethnologue (15 ed.). 2005.
- ^ "Anal". Multitree. http://multitree.linguistlist.org/codes/anm.html. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ^ Bareh 2007, p. 120
- ^ Bareh 2007, pp. 119–128
[edit] Bibliography
- Bareh, Hamlet (2007). "Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Manipur". III. New Delhi: Mittai. ISBN 8170997909. http://books.google.ca/books?id=XScmdGvMf7IC&pg=PA120&dq=%22anal+language%22+india&hl=en&ei=ZQwcTp3OBZDOrQfa8_XeCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- Prakash, Col Ved (2007). "Encyclopaedia of North-East India". New Delhi: Atlantic. ISBN 8126907088. http://books.google.ca/books?id=wxkC9S2jYCkC&pg=PA1515&dq=%22anal+language%22+india&hl=en&ei=ZQwcTp3OBZDOrQfa8_XeCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
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