Anaxyrus

Anaxyrus
Woodhouse's Toad (Bufo woodhousii)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Bufonidae
Genus:	Bufo
Subgenus:	Anaxyrus Frost et al., 2006
Species
See text.

Anaxyrus is a subgenus of true toads, genus Bufo, native to North and Central America. Some authors have recognized Anaxyrus as a separate genus, but this makes the rest of Bufo paraphyletic (see Pauly et al., (2004) Evolution 58:2517–2535; Pauly et al., (2009) Herpetologica 65:115-128).

Species

Binomial name	Discovered by, year	Common name
Anaxyrus americanus ↔ Bufo americanus	Holbrook, 1836	American toad
Anaxyrus baxteri ↔ Bufo baxteri	Porter, 1968	Wyoming toad
Anaxyrus boreas ↔ Bufo boreas	Baird and Girard, 1852	Western toad
Anaxyrus californicus ↔ Bufo californicus	Camp, 1915	Arroyo toad
Anaxyrus canorus ↔ Bufo canorus	Camp, 1916	Yosemite toad
Anaxyrus cognatus ↔ Bufo cognatus	Say, 1823	Great Plains toad
Anaxyrus compactilis ↔ Bufo compactilis	Wiegmann, 1833	Plateau toad, Texas toad
Anaxyrus debilis ↔ Bufo debilis	Girard, 1854	Green toad
Anaxyrus exsul ↔ Bufo exsul	Myers, 1942	Black toad
Anaxyrus fowleri ↔ Bufo fowleri	Hinckley, 1882	Fowler's toad
Anaxyrus hemiophrys ↔ Bufo hemiophrys	Cope, 1886	Canadian toad
Anaxyrus houstonensis ↔ Bufo houstonensis	Sanders, 1953	Houston toad
Anaxyrus kelloggi ↔ Bufo kelloggi	Taylor, 1938	Little Mexican toad
Anaxyrus mexicanus ↔ Bufo mexicanus	Brocchi, 1879	Southwestern toad
Anaxyrus microscaphus ↔ Bufo microscaphus	Cope, 1867	Arizona toad
Anaxyrus nelsoni ↔ Bufo nelsoni	Stejneger, 1893	Amargosa toad
Anaxyrus punctatus ↔ Bufo punctatus	Baird and Girard, 1852	Red-spotted toad, Baird's spotted toad
Anaxyrus quercicus ↔ Bufo quercicus	Holbrook, 1840	Oak toad
Anaxyrus retiformis ↔ Bufo retiformis	Sanders and Smith, 1951	Sonoran green toad
Anaxyrus speciosus ↔ Bufo speciosus	Girard, 1854	Texas toad
Anaxyrus terrestris ↔ Bufo terrestris	Bonnaterre, 1789	Southern toad
Anaxyrus woodhousii ↔ Bufo woodhousii	Girard, 1854	Woodhouse's toad

References

• Frost, Darrel; Grant, Taran; Faivovich, JuliÁN; Bain, Raoul H.; Haas, Alexander; Haddad, CÉLIO F.B.; De SÁ, Rafael O.; Channing, Alan et al (2006). "The Amphibian Tree of Life". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–371. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0003-0090. 
• Pauly, G. B., D. M. Hillis, and D. C. Cannatella. (2004) The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58: 2517–2535.
• Pauly, Greg B., Hillis, David M. & Cannatella, David C. (2009): Taxonomic freedom and the role of official lists of species names. Herpetologica 65: 115-128. PDF fulltext