Angel Sanctuary

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Angel Sanctuary
A book cover. The top half shows a boy with wings, three of which are reduced to bones with feathers floating in the background. Underneath the picture is large text reading 天使禁猟区; a smaller 由貴 香織里 follows it.
Cover of the first volume of the re-release by Hakusensha (2002)
天使禁猟区
(Tenshi Kinryōku)
Genre Fantasy, Romance
Manga
Written by Kaori Yuki
Published by Hakusensha
English publisher
Demographic Shōjo
Magazine Hana to Yume
Original run 1994 – 2000
Volumes 20 (List of volumes)
Original video animation
Directed by Kiyoko Sayama
Studio Bandai Visual
Licensed by
Released May 25, 2000 – August 25, 2000
Episodes 3
Portal icon Anime and Manga portal

Angel Sanctuary (天使禁猟区 Tenshi Kinryōku?) is a fantasy shōjo manga series written and illustrated by Kaori Yuki. Appearing as a serial in the manga magazine Hana to Yume from 1994 to 2000, the 120 chapters were collected and published in twenty bound volumes by Hakusensha from February 1995 to February 2001. It focuses on Setsuna Mudo, a teenager who learns that he is the reincarnation of an angel who rebelled against Heaven. After the death of his sister, he travels through Hell and Heaven to reunite with her.

The manga was adapted into a three-episode original video animation (OVA) by Bandai Visual and Hal Film Maker. Originally licensed by Central Park Media, the OVA is currently licensed by Media Blasters. A series of drama CDs based on the other story arcs was also released.

Angel Sanctuary is licensed by Viz Media for an English-language release in North America. Viz published it from March 2004 to June 2007.

Contents

Plot [edit]

See also: List of Angel Sanctuary characters

Beginning in late twentieth-century Japan, Angel Sanctuary focuses on Setsuna Mudo, a 16-year-old troubled high-school student who is in love with his 15-year-old sister Sara. While struggling with his incestuous feelings for his sister, he learns that he is the reincarnation of Organic Angel Alexiel, who led a rebellion against her fellow angels after witnessing their slaughter of the Evils, a group of demons, after God's disappearance. At the conclusion of the revolt, she sealed away her younger twin brother, Inorganic Angel Rosiel, within the Earth, emotionally unable to fulfill his request to be killed before he became insane and destructive. Captured and branded a fallen angel, Alexiel is punished by having her body frozen and her soul endlessly reincarnated as a human whose life is full of misery.

While Rosiel is freed by his subordinate Katan, Setsuna finds his life and Sara's endangered by various attempts to awaken Alexiel's dormant soul within him. Realizing they cannot bear to be separated, Setsuna and Sara run away together and consummate their love, in hope of starting a new life together. Sara eventually dies protecting Setsuna from one of Rosiel's subordinates. Devastated, Setsuna awakens Alexiel's soul, causing widespread damage. Adam Kadamon, the angel closest to God, intervenes by turning back time to just after Alexiel's awakening and freezing time on Earth; she then tasks him with freeing her from her imprisonment. To search for Sara's soul, sent to Hell for incest, Setsuna's body enters a near-death state, and his soul searches for hers, eventually learning that it has been taken to Heaven. Sara, meanwhile, awakens in the body of Jibriel, the archangel of water held captive; revealed to be her reincarnation, Sara is eventually returned to her original body, but finds herself impregnated by the angel Sandolphon, whose soul resides in his brother's body and who hopes that she will bear him a body. After Rosiel absorbs him to gain his power, an act which speeds up his physical and mental decay, Sandolphon's remnants possess her, causing her to see Setsuna as a monster.

Assisted by Lucifer, ruler of the demons who loves Alexiel, Rosiel unseals the Tower of Etenamenki, where God rests, with Alexiel's body. Intent on restoring the Earth, Setsuna follows him, with Kurai and the archangels of fire and earth; along the way, he aids an injured Katan, who hopes to save Rosiel before he loses his free will to do so. At the tower, Rosiel kills Katan, only to realize that he had killed the one he loved and tried to protect from himself; he then goes into a state of destructive despair. Awakening in her own body with Setsuna's help, Alexiel reveals to him that she had always loved him: because he had been born the opposite of his healthy sister, she bargained with God to save his life in exchange for her imprisonment, from which she later escaped with Lucifer, and an agreement to never show him any compassion. She then kills him, and absorbs him into her womb so that they will never be apart again. Before dying, Rosiel passes along his power to Setsuna.

Setsuna and his group find Adam Kadamon's head, used to nourish the unborn angels, and learn that she attempted to prevent God's plan of destroying humanity by hiding him and the tower from the angels and freezing time in hopes that Alexiel's reincarnation could save them. Because God draws power through Adam Kadamon, the archangels and Kurai seal her up, while Setsuna confronts God and encounters Sara and Lucifer there. Sara overcomes her possession to cast out Sandolphon, and Setsuna defeats God with Lucifer's help. Time returns to normal on Earth, where Setsuna and Sara joyfully reunite at last.

Development [edit]

Archangel Michael Hurls the Rebellious Angels into the Abyss (1666) by Luca Giordano. As a middle-school student in her second year, Yuki found the story of fallen angels, particularly Lucifer, fascinating; in Angel Sanctuary, she offered her own interpretation of fictional angels, which differed from her thoughts on actual angels.[1]:p.29

According to manga artist Kaori Yuki, the concept for Angel Sanctuary has been with her "for the longest time."[1]:p.119 Yuki conceived Angel Sanctuary after reading Nocturne, a book which focuses on an idol singer possessed by a demon, which a demon prince and princess wish to destroy; she was inspired to write about angels and demons in Tokyo.[2] Later, she chose Setsuna for the protagonist of the series.[2] During her research on angels, she learned about the Christian angelic hierarchy, which she included in the series.[3] The first character Yuki designed was Sara, originally named Sana, while the first episode imagined was one in which the protagonist's love interest "was actually a living angel."[3] The original title for the series was Coming of the Seraphim, which Yuki later decided against in favor of Angel Sanctuary, as she thought that "angel" should be included in the title and "sanctuary" had a sense of something "forbidden" or "against God".[3] She decided to set Angel Sanctuary in Japan in "near future," partially because the setting would be largely unchanged and partially because she had a wish to draw modern clothing styles and sailor uniforms.[1]:p.57 She considered "forbidden love" to be the manga's theme.[1]:p.57

As she had been already working on a successful serial, the gothic mystery manga Earl Cain, she faced opposition towards her wish to begin another.[1]:p.204 Initially, she was allowed only ten installments of Angel Sanctuary, which led her to worry about being able to properly end the story.[1]:p.204 At that time, she had the character development up to Zaphikel's death scene and fragments of the plot.[3] She found it difficult to construct a story to join the scenes she wanted to draw.[3] Additionally, the original character designs underwent changes, only Kato's remained unchanged.[3] Several angels were planned to make an appearance, but never did; among them were the Angel of the Yoke and the leader of the angels, Sakaki.[3]

During the serialization of Angel Sanctuary, she mistakenly titled the Gehenna story arc as the Yetzirah arc, and was unable to correct it as several chapters had already appeared under the title; she corrected it for the tankōban release.[4] As the manga takes place in July 1999, Yuki expressed a goal to complete the series by then.[5] For the conclusion, she originally had planned to use a tragic ending, but decided against it in favor of a happy one, because she thought that it would be too upsetting for the fans to read after twenty volumes.[6]:p.215 She wrote in her final afterword that Setsuna and Sara have reached emotional maturity after their adventures and will live happily together.[6]:p.215

Characters [edit]

Yuki considered Setsuna an easily understood protagonist, in contrast to her previous one, Cain.[1]:p.157 According to her, the meaning of Setsuna's family name, Mudo—"injustice" and "to stray from the path of man"—was a perfect fit for his character.[1]:p.157 She described Sara as a heroine, and considered both protagonists "easy to draw".[1]:p.157 She foreshadowed Kato's greater involvement in the story by drawing close-ups of him early on.[7]:p.157

Cultural references and influences [edit]

In Angel Sanctuary, Yuki drew on a variety of material,[8] and occasionally included quotes from the Bible in it.[9]:p.12 The series also made references to Greek mythology. When Setsuna descends into Hell to search for Sara's soul, he is compared to Orpheus by his friend Kira,[7]:p.76 and the series describes Orpheus' descent to the underworld to bring back Eurydice, his deceased wife, a few pages later.[7]:p.82 Additionally, the transgender demon Arachne takes his name from a female weaver whom the goddess Minerva turned into a spider.[1]:p.155 Other references include Pandora's box,[10] and the eternal torment of Prometheus.[11]:p.66

References to Western literature also appear in the series. Sara reads the Brothers Grimm fairy tale "Rapunzel" while imprisoned.[11]:p.92–3

Yuki also incorporated references to music. The character Kira's name is a reference to Japanese music group Zabadak's Tomohiko Kira,[12] while the minor character Kirie takes her name from a Mister Mister song.[13] Moonlil, another minor character, was based on idol singer Hirosue.[14] Carlsen Verlag, Yuki's German publisher, wrote that the Goth subculture in Tokyo, Japan, and rock bands of androgynous musicians influenced the clothing of the angels and demons in the series.[12]

Media [edit]

Manga [edit]

Main article: List of Angel Sanctuary chapters

The chapters of Angel Sanctuary appeared twice a month as a serial in the manga magazine Hana to Yume.[15] Beginning in 1994,[9]:p.12 the series ran for six and a half years,[6]:p.13 concluding in fall 2000.[12] Hakusensha collected and published the one hundred twenty chapters in twenty bound volumes from February 1995 to February 2001.[16][17] Hakusensha later re-released Angel Sanctuary in ten volumes, from June 14, 2002, to June 13, 2003.[18][19]

Angel Sanctuary is licensed by Viz Media for an English-language release in North America,[20] and published the series from March 2004 to June 12, 2007.[1]:p.2[21] Angel Sanctuary has been translated into a variety of languages, among them Chinese,[22] German,[23] Italian,[24][25] Polish,[26] Hungarian,[27] French,[28] and Russian.[29]

Audio drama [edit]

See also: List of Angel Sanctuary soundtracks

Yuki participated in selecting voice actors for the audio drama adaptation of Angel Sanctuary; around two to three auditioned for each role.[11]:p.193 Ten, however, auditioned for the role of Setsuna, with Kenji Nomura ultimately chosen.[11]:p.193 Ayako Kawasumi provided the voice of Sara, while Takehito Koyasu and Yuuko Miyamura voiced Sakuya Kira and Kurai, respectively.[11]:p.193 For Arachne, Yuki envisioned a transvestite voice actor, which proved to be impossible.[11]:p.193 The antagonists Katan and Rosiel were voiced by Shinichirou Miki and Nozomu Sasaki, respectively.[11]:p.193 Yuki attended several sessions, during which she directed the voice actors and helped them with their interpretations of the characters.[30]

A total of fifteen audio drama CDs, divided into six arcs, were released for Angel Sanctuary. The first arc, Assiah was published by Ayers in four parts between December 16, 1998 to March 21, 1999. It featured a number of songs by Kuroyurishimai and a soundtrack that included all the songs was released on April 21, 1999. The soundtrack was composed by Hikaru Nanase.

The rest of the drama CDs were published by Lantis. Hades was released in three parts between August 3 to October 25, 2000.[31][32][33] The remaining four arcs were released in two parts. Gehenna was released on December 21, 2000 and January 24, 2001, followed by Yetzirah on March 21 and April 25, 2001,[34][35] and Beri'ah on June 27 and July 25, 2001.[36][37] The final arc Atziluth was released on August 29 and September 29, 2001.[38]

The first four CDs (Assiah) and soundtrack originally published by Ayers were re-released by Prhythm on March 17 and April 21, 2004.[39][40][41][42][43]

OVA [edit]

The three episode Angel Sanctuary OVA was produced by Bandai Visual and Hal Film Maker. Bandai Visual released the three episodes from May 25, 2000 to August 25, 2000.[44][45]

The English-language release was originally licensed in North America by Central Park Media, which released the OVA in 2001 as well as rereleasing it in 2005. After the license expired, Media Blasters acquired the license for the OVA and released it in 2008 with new cover art in addition to extras.[46]

Art books [edit]

Hakusensha published two Angel Sanctuary art books. The first, The Art of Angel Sanctuary: Angel Cage (由貴香織里画集　天使禁猟区　ANGEL CAGE Yuki Kaori Sato Gashū Tenshi Kinryō Ku Angel Cage?), was released on July 25, 1997,[47] and the second, The Art of Angel Sanctuary 2: Lost Angel (由貴香織里画集　天使禁猟区II　失墜天使 Lost Angel Yuki Kaori Sato Gashū Tenshi Kinryō Ku II Shittsui Tenshi Lost Angel?), followed on September 27, 2000.[48] Viz Media released both from September 6, 2005 to October 30, 2007. Both feature an interview with Kaori Yuki and series information along with artwork from the series.[49][50]

Reception [edit]

Sales [edit]

In March 2004, the first volume of the manga sold 1,767 copies, putting it in the 49th spot.[51] In May 2004, the second volume sold 1,768 copies, putting it in 42nd place.[52] The third sold 1,567 copies, reaching the 61st spot.[53] The third volume also ranked 7th on the BookScan in August 2004.[54] In October 2004, the fourth volume sold 1,819 copies, placing 71st.[55] The fifth sold 1,644 copies in December 2004, placing 65th.[56] The sixth ranked 75th, selling 1,439 copies in February 2005.[57] The seventh sold 1,465 copies, ranking 65th.[58] The eighth sold 1,472 copies, ranking 79th.[59] The ninth reached the 74th spot with 1,481 copies sold.[60]

Manga [edit]

In Manga: The Complete Guide, Jason Thompson rated Angel Sanctuary three out of four stars, describing it as "The archetypical 1990s goth manga."[9]:p.12 According to Thompson, the plot, which improved after the first few volumes, was difficult to follow because of the page layouts, the large cast of androgynous characters, and the "barrage of events and names".[9]:p.12 He praised Yuki's art as "stylish" and "elaborate".[9]:p.12 Holly Ellinwood of Active Anime described the "heavy crossover of religions combined with social issues and personal lines of integrity" as "spellbinding". Ellinwood also praised that art as "absorbing.... more detailed than most, beautifully Gothic even when depicting the most foul horrors" and noted that the series focused on unconditional love.[61] Another reviewer stated: "Angel Sanctuary, both the story and the art, is overly crowded, somewhat confusing, mildly disturbing, and potentially addicting."[62] Manga Life's Kat Collyns praised the "unbelievably pretty" art and "fantastically (and beautifully) detailed" characters. Collyns noted that the issues of transgender characters and incest would discourage readers.[63]

In his review of The Art of Angel Sanctuary 2: Lost Angel, A.E. Sparrow of IGN Comics praised the artbook, describing it as "more of an encyclopedia or compendium for the series". He complimented the artwork, stating,"I was absolutely blown away with each turn of the page, figuring it couldn't get any more brilliant, and was proven wrong every time. If I had any complaint, it would be that the artwork doesn't go on long enough."[64]

OVA [edit]

The OVA received mixed reviews. Rating the OVA an A-, Chris Beveridge of Mania Entertainment recommended it, praising the animation quality, and considered the plot "an extended prologue" to the events of the manga.[65] Anime News Network's Theron Martin rated it as a B, describing it as "a sharp, great-looking series which mixes shojo elements with sometimes intensely graphic violence, but this was not a production meant to stand on its own."[46] Martin noted that Yuki's interpretation of Judeo-Christian elements had the potential to be offensive to Christian or Jewish viewers.[46] Rating it one out of five stars, Dave Merrill of Anime Jump criticized Angel Sanctuary as a "pretentious, confusing claptrap", and found the inclusion of incest objectionable.[66] Aimée Schafer of THEM Anime Reviews rated it similarly, and criticized Sara and Setsuna's relationship as "completely unnecessary and totally ruined what could otherwise have been a solid and, I dare say, good story."[67]

References [edit]

General
Specific
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Yuki, Kaori (2004). Angel Sanctuary 1. San Francisco: Viz Media. ISBN 978-1-59116-245-2. OCLC 55628452. 
  2. ^ a b Yuki, Kaori (2005). "Kaori Yuki Interview: The March Hare's Tea Party". The Art of Angel Sanctuary: Angel Cage. San Francisco: Viz Media. p. 75. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Yuki, Kaori (2007). "The Genesis: Interviews & Sketches". The Art of Angel Sanctuary 2: Lost Angel. San Francisco: Viz Media. pp. 90–97. 
  4. ^ Yuki, Kaori (2005). "Afterword". Angel Sanctuary 7. San Francisco: Viz Media. p. 39. ISBN 1-59116-745-0. OCLC 59111165. 
  5. ^ Yuki, Kaori (2006). Angel Sanctuary 14. San Francisco: Viz Media. p. 13. 
  6. ^ a b c Yuki, Kaori (2007). Angel Sanctuary 20. San Francisco: Viz Media. p. 73. ISBN 1-4215-0978-4. OCLC 1421509784. 
  7. ^ a b c Yuki, Kaori (2004). Angel Sanctuary 4. San Francisco: Viz Media. ISBN 1-59116-495-8. OCLC 56954710. 
  8. ^ Yuki, Kaori (2005). Angel Sanctuary 8. San Francisco: Viz Media. ISBN 1-59116-799-X. OCLC 60746505. 
  9. ^ a b c d e Thompson, Jason (2007). Manga:The Complete Guide. New York: Del Ray Books. ISBN 0-345-48590-4. 
  10. ^ Yuki, Kaori (2006). Angel Sanctuary 16. San Francisco: Viz Media. p. 70. ISBN 1-4215-0522-3. OCLC 73352736. 
  11. ^ a b c d e f g Yuki, Kaori (2006). Angel Sanctuary 13. San Francisco: Viz Media. ISBN 1-4215-0389-1. OCLC 65471520. 
  12. ^ a b c "Kaori Yuki" (in German). Carlsen Verlag. Retrieved 11 April 2012. 
  13. ^ Yuki, Kaori (2004). Angel Sanctuary 3. San Francisco: Viz Media. p. 179. 
  14. ^ Yuki, Kaori. Angel Sanctuary 11. San Francisco: Viz Media. p. 175. 
  15. ^ Yuki, Kaori (2005). Angel Sanctuary 10. San Francisco: Viz Media. p. 15. ISBN 1-4215-0058-2. OCLC 62200422. 
  16. ^ "天使禁猟区 (1) (花とゆめComics)" [Angel Sanctuary 1 (Hana to Yume Comics)] (in Japanese). Amazon.co.jp. Retrieved 10 October 2009. 
  17. ^ "天使禁猟区 (20) (花とゆめComics)" [Angel Sanctuary 20 (Hana to Yume Comics)] (in Japanese). Amazon.co.jp. Retrieved 10 October 2009. 
  18. ^ "天使禁猟区 1". Hakusensha. Retrieved 22 July 2009. 
  19. ^ "天使禁猟区 10". Hakusensha. Retrieved 22 July 2009. 
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  22. ^ "天使禁獵區" [Angel Sanctuary] (in Chinese). Tong Li Comics. Retrieved 21 September 2009. 
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  24. ^ "Angel Sanctuary". Panini Comics. Retrieved 8 June 2009. 
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  27. ^ "Delta Vision". Delta Vision. Retrieved 13 November 2009. 
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  29. ^ "Лицензии" (in Russian). Comix-art. Archived from the original on 2 December 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2009. 
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  38. ^ "Angel Sanctuary (Tenshi Kinryoku) Shinseikai-hen 2". CD Japan. Retrieved 27 April 2009. 
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  42. ^ "Angel Sanctuary (Tenshi Kinryoku) Vol.4". CD Japan. Retrieved 27 April 2009. 
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  60. ^ "Top 100 Graphic Novels Actual--August 2005". ICv2. 19 September 2005. Archived from the original on 7 January 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2010. 
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  62. ^ Eva Volin. "Reviews, Angel Sanctuary". No Flying No Tights. Archived from the original on 10 November 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2009. 
  63. ^ Kat Collyns. "Angel Sanctuary v1". Manga Life. Archived from the original on 30 October 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2009. 
  64. ^ A.E.Sparrow (22 October 2007). "IGN: The Art of Angel Sanctuary 2: Lost Angel Review". IGN Comics. Archived from the original on 2 April 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2009. 
  65. ^ Beveridge, Chris (10 July 2001). "Angel Sanctuary". Mania Entertainment. Retrieved 22 October 2009. 
  66. ^ Merrill, Dave (10 October 2003). "Angel Sanctuary". Anime Jump. Archived from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2009. 
  67. ^ Schafer, Aimée. "THEM Anime Reviews 4.0 - Angel Sanctuary". THEM Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2009. 

External links [edit]

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