The Angry Brigade

Logo associated with the Angry Brigade, used on the cover of The Angry Brigade by Gordon Carr

The Angry Brigade was a small British militant group responsible for a series of bomb attacks in Britain between 1970 and 1972.

History

During the summer of 1968 there were a number of demonstrations in London against the American involvement in the Vietnam War, centred on the American Embassy in Grosvenor Square. One of the organisers of these demonstrations was the well known radical left wing LSE student Tariq Ali. He recalls being approached by someone representing the Angry Brigade who wished to bomb the embassy, he told them it was a terrible idea and no bombing took place.

The group were strongly influenced by anarchism and the Situationists,^{[citation needed]} and decided to launch a bombing campaign with small bombs to maximise media exposure to their demands while keeping collateral damage to a minimum. The campaign started in August 1970 and was sustained for a year until arrests were made the following summer.

Their targets included banks, embassies, the Miss World event in 1970 (or rather a BBC Outside Broadcast vehicle to be used in the corporation's coverage) and the homes of Conservative MPs. In total, 25 bombings were attributed to them by the police. The damage done by the bombings was mostly limited to property damage although one person was slightly injured.

Although the group purported to represent "the autonomous working class", when the police arrested nine suspected members of the group, only one, (Jake Prescott, who was arrested in Notting Hill) came from the working class; the other eight, four men and four women (arrested together in Stoke Newington) were middle class student drop-outs from the universities of Cambridge and Essex.

Aftermath

Jake Prescott, a Scottish petty criminal, was arrested and tried in 1971 and given 15 years imprisonment, mostly spent in maximum security jails. Later he said he realised then that he 'was the one who was angry and the people [he] met were more like the Slightly Cross Brigade'. The other members of the group from North East London, the 'Stoke Newington Eight' were prosecuted for carrying out bombings as the Angry Brigade in one of the longest criminal trials of English history (it lasted from 30 May to 6 December 1972). As a result of the trial, John Barker, Jim Greenfield, Hilary Creek and Anna Mendleson received prison sentences of 10 years. A number of other defendants were found not guilty, including Stuart Christie, who had previously been imprisoned in Spain for carrying explosives with the intent to assassinate the dictator Francisco Franco, and Angela Mason who became a director of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights group Stonewall and was awarded an OBE for services to homosexual rights.

In March 2009, British family care activist and a best-selling novelist Erin Pizzey reportedly declined to comment on the temporary withdrawal by its publishers of the book Andrew Marr's History of Modern Britain following her complaint it had falsely linked her to The Angry Brigade.

Cultural influence

The group is parodied in Doris Lessing's The Good Terrorist (1985), in which a group of naive, young, communist squatters splits over whether or not to join the IRA.

The group and trial feature in Jake Arnott's 2006 novel Johnny Come Home.

Howard Brenton's 1973 play Magnificence, about a group of far-left revolutionaries in a London squat, is partly inspired by the Angry Brigade.

See also

• Black Mask
• King Mob
• Movement 2 June
• Weather Underground

References

• Horspool, David (2009). "Grovenor Square and the Angry Brigade". The English Rebel: One Thousand Years of Troublemaking from the Normans to the Nineties. London: Viking. pp. 384–386. ISBN 978-0-670-91619-1. 

Further reading

• The Angry Brigade 1967-1984: Documents and Chronology, Bratach Dubh Anarchist Pamphlets, 1978. Available online (see below)
• Anarchy in the UK: The Angry Brigade, Tom Vague, AK Press, 1997, ISBN 1-873176-98-8
• Granny Made me an Anarchist: General Franco, The Angry Brigade and Me, Stuart Christie, Scribner, 2004
• The Angry Brigade: A history of Britain's first urban guerilla group, Gordon Carr, John Barker, Stuart Christie, 1975 (reissued 2005) ISBN 0-9549507-3-9

External links

• A personal memory of Anna in 1968
• Libertarian community and organising resource. Libertarian communism and anarchism in the UK
• Angry Brigade: Documents and Chronology, 1967-1984
• John Barker's review of Tom Vague's Anarchy in the UK: the Angry Brigade
• Look back in anger (An article by The Observer on the 30th Anniversary of their trial)
• Interview with Stuart Christie (3:AM Magazine)
• Interview with John Barker (3:AM Magazine)
• British minister's home bombed (BBC 'On This Day' article)
• Timeline of actions (spunk.org)
• Obituary of Anna Mendleson
• 1973 article on the Stoke Newington Eight trial
• John Barker's personal page on Through Europe