Annaba
| Annaba عنابة |
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| — Commune and city — | ||
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| Nickname(s): Balad Al Unnâb | ||
 Annaba
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| Coordinates: 36°54′N 7°46′E / 36.900°N 7.767°ECoordinates: 36°54′N 7°46′E / 36.900°N 7.767°E | ||
| Country |  Algeria |
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| Province | Annaba Province | |
| District | Annaba District | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 49 km2 (19 sq mi) | |
| Elevation | 3 m (10 ft) | |
| Population (2008)[1] | ||
| • Total | 257,359 | |
| • Density | 5,300/km2 (14,000/sq mi) | |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |
| Postal code | 23000 | |
Annaba (Arabic: عنابة, ‘Annābah, formerly Bône, historically Hippo or Hippo Regius) is a city in the northeastern corner of Algeria near the river Seybouse. It is located in Annaba Province. With a population of 257,359 (2008[1]), it is the fourth largest city in Algeria. It is a leading industrial centre in eastern Algeria.[citation needed] Most of the people call this city Balad Al Unnâb, i.e. the Jujubes city, because of the abundance of this fruit in the area.[2]
Annaba is a coastal city and has undergone significant growth. Annaba has a metropolitan area with a higher population density than the other metropolises of the Algerian coastline such as Oran and the capital Algiers. Much of eastern and southern Algerian seeks the services, equipment, and infrastructure of the city. Economically, it is the centre for various dynamic activities: industry, transport, finance and tourism.[3]
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History [edit]
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section requires expansion. (April 2012) |
The vicinity of Annaba has yielded evidence of very early hominid occupation at Ain el Hanech, near Saïda (c. 200,000 B.C.), including artefacts that show remarkable tool-making craftsmanship. Other archaeological finds include tools in the Levalloisian and Mousterian styles produced by humans (Homo sapiens)[citation needed] well before 100,000 years ago, similar to those in the Levant. According to some sources, prehistoric Algeria was the site of the most advanced development of flake-tool techniques in the Middle Early Stone Age (Middle Paleolithic). Tools from this era, starting from at least as early as 85,000 BC, are called Aterian after the site Bir el Ater south of Annaba.[citation needed] These tools are marked by a high standard of workmanship, great variety, and specialization. See Prehistory of Central North Africa. Annaba, which was called Hippo Regius during Roman times, was probably founded by the Phoenicians in the 12th century BC. It was a centre of early Western Christianity and was the site of many Christian synods, one of which was central in canonizing the current books of the New Testament Augustine of Hippo was bishop here from 396 until his death in 430.[4] The city has buildings from its Roman, Christian, and Muslim eras.
During French rule, the city was known as Bône. It was one of the main European settlements, having a sizeable pied-noir minority. One famous pied-noir from Bône was Alphonse Juin, a Marshal of France and a former NATO Central Europe Commander.
Demography [edit]
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1882 | 22,000 | — |
| 1886 | 30,800 | 8.78% |
| 1892 | 32,300 | 0.8% |
| 1896 | 32,300 | 0% |
| 1899 | 34,500 | 2.22% |
| 1901 | 37,000 | 3.56% |
| 1906 | 42,900 | 3% |
| 1911 | 42,000 | -0.42% |
| 1921 | 45,200 | 0.74% |
| 1926 | 51,900 | 2.8% |
| 1931 | 68,800 | 5.8% |
| 1936 | 83,300 | 3.9% |
| 1948 | 102,800 | 1.77% |
| 1954 | 114,100 | 1.75% |
| 1960 | 164,000 | 6.23% |
| 1966 | 168,800 | 0.48% |
| 1974 | 313,200 | 8.03% |
| 1977 | 255,900 | -6.51% |
| 1987 | 305,500 | 1.79% |
| 1998 | 359,657 | 1.49% |
| Source: www.populstat.info [5] | ||
The city of Annaba had 257,359 people in 2008 (General Census of the population and habitat).[1] Its agglomeration had 359,657 (with El Bouni's 111 956 inhabitants) in 1998.[5] If El Hadjar, and Sidi Amar are also included, there are around 500,000 people in "greater Annaba".
[edit]
- Augustine of Hippo
- Ahmad al-Buni, Middle-Ages author of "Chams el maâref el Kobra" precursor of Nostradamus
- Alphonse Juin, French pied-noir general
- Edwige Fenech, Italian actress
- Mohamed Boudiaf, Algerian president assassinated in Annaba in 1992 (see: Algerian civil war)
Urban Areas [edit]
The metropolitan area includes the cities of El Bouni, El Hadjar and Sidi Amar, who now form a circle around the city of Annaba and whose links with the latter are more dense. The city has grown considerably since implementation of the plant of El Hadjar (at 10 km to the South) which drains the labour of the entire region.
Annaba has a sea front downtown, where is located the course of the revolution (ex-cours Bertagna) highly animated, brimming with arcades and all kinds of shelter restaurants, terraces, kiosks. Annaba also has an international airport.
Climate [edit]
Annaba benefits from a Mediterranean climate known for its long dry hot summers, especially from mid-July to mid-August.. Winters are mild, wet, snow is rare but not impossible. Rain is abundant and can be torrential.
| Climate data for Annaba | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.2 (81) |
30.0 (86) |
36.4 (97.5) |
38.0 (100.4) |
38.8 (101.8) |
44.0 (111.2) |
47.5 (117.5) |
46.1 (115) |
44.0 (111.2) |
41.0 (105.8) |
33.0 (91.4) |
29.0 (84.2) |
47.5 (117.5) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 16.3 (61.3) |
16.8 (62.2) |
18.6 (65.5) |
20.5 (68.9) |
23.7 (74.7) |
27.5 (81.5) |
30.5 (86.9) |
31.3 (88.3) |
28.9 (84) |
25.9 (78.6) |
20.8 (69.4) |
17.6 (63.7) |
23.2 (73.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 11.6 (52.9) |
11.9 (53.4) |
13.4 (56.1) |
15.2 (59.4) |
18.4 (65.1) |
22.0 (71.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
25.7 (78.3) |
23.6 (74.5) |
20.4 (68.7) |
15.9 (60.6) |
12.9 (55.2) |
17.98 (64.36) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 6.9 (44.4) |
7.0 (44.6) |
8.2 (46.8) |
9.8 (49.6) |
13.0 (55.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
19.0 (66.2) |
20.0 (68) |
18.2 (64.8) |
14.9 (58.8) |
10.9 (51.6) |
8.1 (46.6) |
12.71 (54.88) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −2.0 (28.4) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
0.0 (32) |
2.0 (35.6) |
4.0 (39.2) |
8.0 (46.4) |
8.0 (46.4) |
7.3 (45.1) |
5.0 (41) |
0.0 (32) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−4 (24.8) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 98.5 (3.878) |
76.6 (3.016) |
61.2 (2.409) |
64.1 (2.524) |
38.3 (1.508) |
14.0 (0.551) |
3.10 (0.122) |
8.20 (0.3228) |
37.5 (1.476) |
64.8 (2.551) |
98.4 (3.874) |
110.8 (4.362) |
675.5 (26.594) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 14.5 | 12.2 | 11.4 | 11.2 | 8.2 | 4.2 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 6.9 | 9.5 | 14.5 | 14.6 | 111.4 |
| % humidity | 79.9 | 78.7 | 78.5 | 77.6 | 77.1 | 74.2 | 71.9 | 72.2 | 74.5 | 76.3 | 76.1 | 78.4 | 76.28 |
| Source #1: World Meteorological Organization (UN)[6] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: climatebase.ru[7] | |||||||||||||
Education [edit]
One of Annaba's most notable educational institutions is Annaba University. As of 2004, there are over 40,000 students enrolled.[8]
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This section requires expansion. (April 2012) |
Transportation and industry [edit]
Annaba is served by Rabah Bitat Airport, an international airport whose IATA airport code is AAE. Annaba has also rail links to the Algerian cities of Constantine and Algiers, and it is the terminus of the Algerian east-west highway. It is the second industrial pole of the country after the capital Algiers.
The city is an important hub of the world steel industry with the steel complex of El Hadjar, eight kilometres south of the city. It is the largest in Africa. Phosphate and metal industries are the phosphatier of the Seybousa complex and the metallurgical complex of Allelik. Private industry is very important in Annaba and concentrates especially in the agri-food, metal processing, wood and its derivatives, and the construction. Its industrial areas occupy nearly 400 ha between bridge Bouchet, Meboudja, Berrahal, Kherraza. Areas of activities are located in the suburbs of the city, Sidi Salem, El Eulma and Wadi El-Aneb.
Culture [edit]
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This section requires expansion. (April 2012) |
Tourism [edit]
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Annaba is an important centre for tourism, and is one of the major tourist attractions in the western Mediterranean. It is a coastal town with mountains, hills, foothills and plains; as a result, in addition to the maritime and seaside tourism, Annaba has an important potential for mountain tourism. The mountains around Seraïdi reach 1080m, making it a major attraction. Three other locations that draw tourists the West Bay, Djenane el Bey and Ras el Hamra.
Annaba also has religious attractions. Annaba hosted, in its early history, an important and influential Diocese, before its destruction by the Vandals, and the subsequent massive Islamization. Since Annaba is located on the Tunisian border, opened and visa-free, tourists may visit Tunisia and El Kala National Park, found there east of Tunisia.
The city is also known for its Green Main Street (more often known as the court of the revolution), which is vibrant in the afternoon and has an active nightlife. Annaba is known for its beautiful beaches, hotels and nightlife. Most foreign tourists are from Italy and France.
The Bone War Cemetery is found about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Annaba on the road to Constantine. It is an important memorial site for the British forces who fought in the region during the Second World War.[9]
References [edit]
- ^ a b c 2008 census
- ^ www.el-annabi.com
- ^ anvredet.org.dz
- ^ Braudel, Fernand (1995) [1963]. A history of civilizations. New York: Penguin Books. p. 335. ISBN 0-14-012489-6. "A Berber, born in 354 at Thagaste (now Souk-Ahras) in Africa, he died as Bishop of Hippo (later Bone, now Annaba) in 430, while the Vandals were besieging the town."
- ^ a b "ALGERIA: urban population". http://www.populstat.info/.
- ^ "Weather Information for Annaba". August 2011.
- ^ "Annaba, Algeria". Climatebase.ru. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
- ^ dz.org
- ^ "Bone War Cemetery, Annaba". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
External links [edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Annaba |
- (French) Annaba City
- (French) Annaba
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