António Guterres

His Excellency António Guterres GCC
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Incumbent
Assumed office 20 February 2005
Preceded by	Ruud Lubbers
Prime Minister of Portugal
In office 28 October 1995 – 6 April 2002
President	Mário Soares Jorge Sampaio
Preceded by	Aníbal Cavaco Silva
Succeeded by	José Manuel Barroso
President of the Socialist International
In office 1999–2005
Preceded by	Pierre Mauroy
Succeeded by	George Andreas Papandreou
General Secretary of Socialist Party
In office 1992–2002
Preceded by	Jorge Sampaio
Succeeded by	Ferro Rodrigues
Personal details
Born	(1949-04-30) 30 April 1949 Lisbon
Political party	Socialist Party
Spouse(s)	Catarina de Almeida Vaz Pinto (2001–present) Luísa Amélia Guimarães e Melo (1972–1998, her death)
Children	Pedro Guimarães e Melo Guterres Mariana Guimarães e Melo Guterres
Religion	Roman Catholicism

António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres, GCC (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ̃ˈtɔniu ɡuˈtɛʁɨʃ]; born 30 April 1949) is a Portuguese politician, a former prime minister and President of the Socialist International. Currently he is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

Early life

António Guterres was born and raised in Portugal's capital, Lisbon, son of Virgílio Dias Guterres (b. São José, Lisbon, 21 October 1913) and wife Ilda Cândida de Oliveira (b. Fundão, Donas, 12 February 1923). As a young child he already showed the abilities which would later garner him the award for Best High School Student for the year of 1965. He continued his studies at IST, where he pursued degrees in physics and electrical engineering. During his college years Guterres was never involved in the student opposition to the authoritarian regime of António de Oliveira Salazar and, from 1968, Marcelo Caetano. Instead, he dedicated himself to his studies and to meetings of the JUC (Catholic University Students Movement). In 1971 he graduated and started an academic career as Assistant Professor.

Career

His political career started in 1974, when he joined the Socialist Party. On New Year's Eve that year, at Carnide, Lisbon, he married his first wife, Luísa Amélia Guimarães e Melo (b. Porto, 1 September 1946), by whom he had two children, Pedro Guimarães e Melo Guterres (b. 1977), married to Vanda Lobo and father of Maria Ana Lobo Guterres (b. Lisbon, 11 February 2009), and Mariana Guimarães e Melo de Oliveira Guterres (b. 1985). Shortly thereafter, he quit academic life and became a full-time politician. In the period following the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974, which put an end to Caetano's dictatorship, Guterres was closely involved in the organization of the Socialist Party, especially the Lisbon section. Guterres became one of the party leaders and held the following offices:

• Head of Office of the Secretary of State of Industry (1974 and 1975)
• Deputy for Lisbon, and later Castelo Branco in the Portuguese National Parliament (1976–1995)
  • During this term he was responsible for several parliamentary commissions
• Leader of the parliamentary bench of the Socialist Party, succeeding Jorge Sampaio (1988)

In 1992, he became president of the Socialist Party and leader of the opposition against Aníbal Cavaco Silva's government. He was also nominated vice-president of the Socialist International in September of the same year.

Following the retirement of Cavaco Silva in 1995, the Socialist Party won the general election and Guterres became Prime Minister of Portugal. With a style markedly different from that of his predecessor, based on dialogue and discussion with all sections of society, Guterres was a popular prime minister in the first years of his government. Portugal was enjoying a solid economic expansion which allowed the Socialists to increase welfare spending and introduce a number of progressive social security initiatives. Also important was the successful staging of Expo´98, which increased Portugal's visibility in the world.

His wife died of cancer at the Royal Free Hospital in the Greater London on 28 January 1998.

Guterres was re-elected in 1999, and from January to July 2000, he occupied the Presidency of the European Council. This second term in government was not as successful however. Internal party conflicts along with an economic recession and the Hintze Ribeiro disaster damaged his authority and popularity.

Meanwhile in Alcântara, Lisbon, at the Chapel of Santo Amaro, on 9 April 2001, he married his second wife Catarina de Almeida Vaz Pinto, born on 15 June 1960, by whom he had no children. He has a stepson, natural son of his second wife by José Carlos da Costa Ramos, named Francisco Vaz Pinto da Costa Ramos, born on 20 May 1998.

In December 2001, following a disastrous result for the Socialist Party in the local elections, Guterres resigned, stating that "I am resigning to prevent the country from falling into a political swamp", and President Jorge Sampaio dissolved the Parliament and called for elections. Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues, until then Minister for Social Security, assumed the Socialist Party leadership, but the general election was lost to the Social Democratic Party of José Manuel Durão Barroso, the current President of the European Commission. Guterres retired from Portuguese politics and worked as President of the Socialist International until 2005.

Work as High Commissioner for Refugees

In May 2005 he was appointed High Commissioner for Refugees by then Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan. In a 16 February 2007 NPR interview devoted mainly to the plight of Iraqi refugees, he said that this was the greatest refugee crisis in the Middle East since 1948. Among poorly publicized refugee crises, he cited those in the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

He is a member of the Club of Madrid, an independent non-profit organization composed of democratic former Presidents and Prime Ministers from 57 different countries, and which works to strengthen democratic institutions and leadership.

References

Assembly seats
Preceded by Title jointly held	Member of Parliament for Castelo Branco 1976–1983	Succeeded by Title jointly held
	Member of Parliament for Castelo Branco 1985–2002
Party political offices
Preceded by Pierre Mauroy	President of the Socialist International 1999–2005	Succeeded by George A. Papandreou
Preceded by Jorge Sampaio	General Secretary of the Socialist Party 1992–2002	Succeeded by Ferro Rodrigues
Political offices
Preceded by Aníbal Cavaco Silva	Prime Minister of Portugal 1995–2002	Succeeded by Durão Barroso