Kwame Anthony Appiah

Kwame Anthony Appiah

Full name	Kwame Anthony Appiah
Born	May 8, 1954 London
Era	Contemporary philosophy
School	Philosophy of language, cosmopolitanism
Main interests	Probabilistic semantics, political theory, moral theory, intellectual history, race and identity theory
Influenced by Hegel, W. E. B. Du Bois, John Rawls

Kwame Anthony Appiah ( /ˈæpɪɑː/ API-ah; born 1954) is a Ghanaian-British-American philosopher, cultural theorist, and novelist whose interests include political and moral theory, the philosophy of language and mind, and African intellectual history. Kwame Anthony Appiah grew up in Ghana and earned a Ph.D. at Cambridge University. He is currently the Laurance S. Rockefeller University Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University.

Biography

Appiah was born in London to Enid Margaret Appiah, an art historian and writer, and Joe Emmanuel Appiah, a lawyer, diplomat, and politician from the Asante region, once part of the British Gold Coast Colony but now part of Ghana. He was raised in Kumasi, Ghana, and educated at Bryanston School and Clare College, Cambridge, where he earned his BA (First Class) and Ph.D. in philosophy. Appiah has three sisters: Isobel, Adwoa and Abena. As a child, he also spent a good deal of time in England, staying with his grandmother Isobel, the Honourable Lady Cripps, widow of the English statesman the Right Honourable Sir Stafford Cripps. His family has a long political tradition: his maternal grandfather Sir Stafford was Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer (1947–1950) under Clement Attlee. His own father, Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor, was the Labour Leader of the House of Lords (1929–1931) under Ramsay MacDonald; Parmoor had been a Conservative MP before defecting to Labour. Through Professor Appiah's father, a Nana of the Ashanti people, he is also a direct descendant of Osei Tutu, the warrior emperor of pre-colonial Ghana whose reigning successor, the Asantehene, is a distant relative of the Appiah family.

Career

Appiah has taught philosophy and African-American studies at the University of Ghana, Drexel, Cornell, Yale, Harvard, and Princeton Universities from 1981 to 1988. He is currently Laurance S. Rockefeller University Professor of Philosophy at Princeton (with a cross-appointment at the University Center for Human Values) and was serving as the Bacon-Kilkenny Professor of Law at Fordham University in the fall of 2008. Appiah also served on the board of PEN American Center and was on a panel of judges for the PEN/Newman's Own First Amendment Award. He has taught at Yale, Cornell, Duke, and Harvard universities and lectured at many other institutions in the US, Germany, Ghana and South Africa, and Paris. He lives with his partner, Henry Finder, in an apartment in Chelsea, Manhattan and a home in Pennington, New Jersey.

His Cambridge dissertation explored the foundations of probabilistic semantics. In 1992, Appiah published In My Father's House, which won the Herskovitz Prize for African Studies in English. Among his later books are Colour Conscious (with Amy Gutmann), The Ethics of Identity (2005), and Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers (2006). He has been a close collaborator with Henry Louis Gates Jr., with whom he edited "Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African-American Experience." He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1995.

In 2008, Appiah published Experiments in Ethics, in which he reviews the relevance of empirical research to ethical theory.

In 2008, Appiah was recognized for his contributions to racial, ethnic, and religious relations when Brandeis University awarded him the first Joseph B. and Toby Glitter Prize.

Until the fall of 2009, he served as a trustee of Ashesi University College in Accra, Ghana. Here, Appiah conducts his Socratic interrogations in the language and style of analytical philosophy.

Appiah was the 2009 finalist in the arts and humanities for the Eugene R. Gannon Award for the Continued Pursuit of Human Advancement.

His first novel, Avenging Angel, set at the University of Cambridge, involved a murder among the Cambridge Apostles, Sir Patrick Scott is the detective in the novel . His second and third novels are Nobody Likes Letitia and Another Death in Venice.

The selections "Making Conversation" and "The Primacy of Practice" are the introduction in Cosmopolitanism.

In 2010, he was named by Foreign Policy magazine to its list of top global thinkers.

On February 13, 2012, Appiah was awarded the National Humanities Medal at a ceremony at the White House.

Ideas

Appiah argues that the formative denotation of culture is ultimately preceded by the efficacy of intellectual interchange. From this position, his views on the efficacy of organizations such as UNICEF and Oxfam are notable for their duality: on the one hand he seems to appreciate the immediate action these organizations provide while on the other hand he points out the long-term futility of such intervention. His focus is, instead, on the long-term political and economic development of nations according to the Western capitalist/ democratic model, an approach that relies on continued growth in the “marketplace” that is the capital-driven modern world.

In "Under Western Eyes, Revisited," Chandra Talpade Mohanty refers to this as the colonization of corporate globalization, something that is Eurocentric and which presumes that capitalism is or should be universally valued as a way of life and modernity.

However, when capitalism is introduced and it does not "take off" as in the Western world, the livelihood of the peoples involved is at stake. Thus, the ethical questions involved are certainly complex, yet the general impression in Appiah’s "Kindness to Strangers" is one which implies that it is not up to "us" to save the poor and starving, but up to their own governments. Nation-states must assume responsibility for their citizens, and a cosmopolitan’s role is to appeal to "our own" government to ensure that these nation-states respect, provide for, and protect their citizens.

If they will not, "we" are obliged to change their minds; if they cannot, "we" are obliged to provide assistance, but only our "fair share," that is, not at the expense of our own comfort, or the comfort of those "nearest and dearest" to us.

Appiah's early philosophical work dealt with probabilistic semantics and theories of meaning, but his more recent books have tackled philosophical problems of race and racism, identity, and moral theory. His current work tackles three major areas: 1. the philosophical foundations of liberalism; 2. the questioning of methods in arriving at knowledge about values; and 3. the connections between theory and practice in moral life. Which all of these concepts can also be found in his book Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers.

Cosmopolitanism

Appiah has been influenced by the cosmopolitanist philosophical tradition, which stretches from German philosophers such as Hegel through W. E. B. Du Bois and others. In his article “Education for Global Citizenship,” Appiah outlines his conception of cosmopolitanism. He therein defines cosmopolitanism as “universality plus difference”. Building from this definition, he asserts that the first takes precedence over the latter, that is: different cultures are respected “not because cultures matter in themselves, but because people matter, and culture matters to people.” But Appiah first defined it as its problems but ultimately determines that practicing a citizenship of the world and conversation is not only helpful in a post - 9/11 world. Therefore, according to Appiah’s take on this ideology, cultural differences are to be respected in so far as they are not harmful to people and in no way conflict with our universal concern for every human’s life and well-being. In his book, "Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers," Appiah introduces two ideas that "intertwine in the notion of cosmopolitanism" (Emerging, 59). The first is the idea that we have obligations to others that are bigger than just sharing citizenship. The second idea is that we should never take for granted the value of life and become informed of the practices and beliefs of others. Kwame Appiah frequents university campuses to enlighten today's youth by sharing his perspectives. One request he makes is, “See one movie with subtitles a month.”

Criticism of Afrocentric world view

Appiah has been a critic of contemporary theories of Afrocentrism. In his essay "Europe Upside Down: Fallacies of the New Afrocentrism," Appiah argues that current Afrocentricism is striking for "how thoroughly at home it is in the frameworks of nineteenth century European thought," particularly as a mirror image to Eurocentric constructions of race and a preoccupation with the ancient world. Appiah also finds an irony in the conception that if the source of the West lies in ancient Egypt via Greece, then "its legacy of ethnocentrism is presumably one of our moral liabilities." Appiah's critique of contemporary Afrocentrism has been strongly criticized by some of its leading proponents, such as Temple University African American Studies scholar and activist Molefi Asante, who has characterized Appiah's work as "anti-African."

Other media appearances

In 2007, Appiah was a contributing scholar in the award-winning, PBS-broadcast documentary Prince Among Slaves produced by Unity Productions Foundation.

Appiah appeared alongside a number of contemporary philosophers—including Cornel West, Avital Ronell, Peter Singer, Martha Nussbaum, Michael Hardt, Slavoj Žižek, and Judith Butler—in Astra Taylor's 2008 film Examined Life where he discussed his views on cosmopolitanism.

See also

• African philosophy
• Africana philosophy
• List of African American philosophers

Publications

Books

• The Honor Code: How Moral Revolutions Happen. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010
• Mi cosmopolitismo, Buenos Aires/Madrid, Katz editores S.A, 2008, ISBN 9788496859371 (En coedición con el Centro de Cultura Contemporánea de Barcelona)
• Experiments in Ethics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008. (Trad. esp.: Experimentos de ética, Buenos Aires/Madrid, Katz editores S.A, 2010, ISBN 9788492946112)
• Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers. New York: W.W. Norton, 2006. (Trad. esp.: Cosmopolitismo. La ética en un mundo de extraños, Buenos Aires/Madrid, Katz editores S.A, 2007, ISBN 9788496859081)
• The Ethics of Identity Princeton University Press, 2005. (Trad. esp.: La ética de la identidad, Buenos Aires/Madrid, Katz editores S.A, 2007, ISBN 9788493543242)
• Thinking It Through: An Introduction to Contemporary Philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
• Africana: The Concise Desk Reference. edited with H.L. Gates Jr. Philadelphia: Running Press, 2003.
• Kosmopolitische Patriotismus. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 2002.
• Bu Me Bé: The Proverbs of the Akan. With Peggy Appiah, and with the assistance of Ivor Agyeman-Duah. Accra: The Center for Intellectual Renewal, 2002.
• Color Conscious: The Political Morality of Race. With Amy Gutman, introduction by David Wilkins. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.
• In My Father's House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture. London: Methuen, 1992; New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
• Necessary Questions: An Introduction to Philosophy. New York: Prentice-Hall/Calmann & King, 1989.
• For Truth in Semantics. Oxford: Blackwell's, 1986.
• Assertion and Conditionals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Novels

• Another Death in Venice: A Sir Patrick Scott Investigation. London: Constable, 1995.
• Nobody Likes Letitia. London: Constable, 1994.
• Avenging Angel. London: Constable, 1990; New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.

Edited volumes

• Early African-American Classics. (edited with an introduction) New York: Bantam, 1990.
• Langston Hughes: Critical Perspectives Past and Present. Ed. with Henry Louis Gates Jr. Amistad Literary Series. New York: Amistad Press, 1993.
• Zora Neale Hurston: Critical Perspectives Past and Present. Ed. with Henry Louis Gates Jr. Amistad Literary Series. New York: Amistad Press, 1993.
• Toni Morrison: Critical Perspectives Past and Present. Ed. with Henry Louis Gates Jr. Amistad Literary Series. New York: Amistad Press, 1993.
• Gloria Naylor: Critical Perspectives Past and Present. Ed. with Henry Louis Gates Jr. Amistad Literary Series. New York: Amistad Press, 1993.
• Alice Walker: Critical Perspectives Past and Present. Ed. with Henry Louis Gates Jr. Amistad Literary Series. New York: Amistad Press, 1993.
• Richard Wright: Critical Perspectives Past and Present. Ed. with Henry Louis Gates Jr. Amistad Literary Series. New York: Amistad Press, 1993.
• Chinua Achebe: Critical Perspectives Past and Present. Ed. with Henry Louis Gates Jr. Amistad Literary Series. New York: Amistad Press, 1993.
• Ann Petry: Critical Perspectives Past and Present. Ed. with Henry Louis Gates Jr. Amistad Literary Series. New York: Amistad Press, 1994.
• Frederick Douglass: Critical Perspectives Past and Present. Ed. with Henry Louis Gates Jr. Amistad Literary Series. New York: Amistad Press, 1994.
• Identities. Ed. with Henry Louis Gates Jr. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1995.
• A Dictionary of Global Culture. Ed. with Henry Louis Gates Jr. New York: Knopf, 1996.
• Encarta Africana. Ed. with Henry Louis Gates Jr. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft, 1999.
• Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African-American Experience. Ed. with Henry Louis Gates Jr. New York: Basic-Civitas, 1999.
• Encarta Africana 2000. Ed. with Henry Louis Gates Jr. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft, 1999.
• The Poetry of our World: An International Anthology of Contemporary Poetry. Ed. by Jeffrey Paine with Kwame Anthony Appiah, Sven Birkerts, Joseph Brodsky, Carolyn Forché, and Helen Vendler (Edited and introduced African section.) New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2000.
• Buying Freedom: The Ethics and Economics of Slave Redemption Ed. by Martin Bunzl and Kwame Anthony Appiah, with an introduction by Kevin Bales. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.

Selected essays

• “Understanding reparations: a preliminary reflection”. Forthcoming in Cahiers d’ Etudes Africaine.
• “Stereotypes and the Shaping of Identity.” In Prejudicial Appearances: The Logic of American Anti-Discrimination Law by Robert C. Post, with K. Anthony Appiah, Judith Butler, Thomas C. Grey, and Reva B. Siegel. Durham: Duke University Press, 2001. p. 55-71.
• “Grounding Human Rights.” In Human Rights As Politics and Idolatry by Michael Ignatieff with commentaries by K. Anthony Appiah, David Hollinger, Thomas W. Laqueur and Diane F. Orentlicher, edited by Amy Gutmann. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001. p. 101-116.
• “Aufklärung und Dialog der Kulturen,” In Zukunftsstreit, ed. by Wilhelm Krull. Weilerswist: Velbrück Wissenschaft, 2000. p. 305-328.
• “Yambo Ouolouguem and the Meaning of Postcoloniality.” In Yambo Ouologuem: Postcolonial Writer, Islamic Militant. Christopher Wise (ed.) Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1999. p. 55-63.
• “Race, Pluralism and Afrocentricity” The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 19 (Spring 1998) p. 116-118.
• “Identity: Political not Cultural.” In Field Work: Sites in Literary and Cultural Studies. Marjorie Garber, Rebecca L. Walkowitz, Paul B. Franklin (eds.) New York: Routledge, 1997. p. 34-40.
• “Is the 'Post-' in 'Postcolonial' the 'Post-' in 'Postmodern'?”. In Dangerous Liaisons. Anne McClintock, Aamir Mufti, Ella Shohat (eds. and introd.) MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. p. 420-444.
• “Race, Culture, Identity: Misunderstood Connections.” The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, No.17. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1996. p. 51-136.
• “Philosophy and Necessary Questions.” in Readings in African Philosophy: An Akan Collection. Safro Kwame (ed.) Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1995. p. 1-22.
• “Identity, Authenticity, Survival: Multicultural Societies and Social Reproduction.” In Multiculturalism: Examining "The Politics of Recognition." An essay by Charles Taylor, with commentary by Amy Gutmann (editor), K. Anthony Appiah, Jürgen Habermas, Steven C. Rockefeller, Michael Walzer, Susan Wolf. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994. p. 149-164.
• “The Impact of African Studies on Philosophy.” With V. Y. Mudimbe. In The Impact of African Studies on the Disciplines. Edited by Robert Bates, V. Y. Mudimbe and Jean O'Barr. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993. p. 113-138.
• “African-American Philosophy?” Philosophical Forum. Vol. XXIV, Nos. 1-3 (Fall-Spring 1992-93) p. 1-24. Reprinted in African-American Philosophical Perspectives and Philosophical Traditions, p. 11-34. John Pittman (ed.) New York: Routledge, 1997.
• “African Identities.” In Constructions identitaires: questionnements théoriques et études de cas. Jean-Loup Amselle, Anthony Appiah, Shaka Bagayogo, Jean-Pierre Chrétien, Jocelyne Dakhlia, Ernest Gellner, Richard LaRue, Valentin-Yves Mudimbe, Jerzy Topolski, Fernande Saint-Martin sous la direction de Bogumil Jewsiewicki et Jocelyn Létourneau Actes du Célat No. 6, Mai 1992. CÉLAT, Université Laval, 1992.
• “Introductory Essay.” Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. London: Everyman, 1992.
• “Inventing an African Practice in Philosophy: Epistemological Issues.” In The Surreptitious Speech: Présence Africaine and the Politics of Otherness 1947-1987. V.Y. Mudimbe (ed.) (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1992) pp. 227–237.
• “But would that still be me? Notes on gender, `race,' ethnicity as sources of identity.” The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. LXXXVII, No. 10 (October 1990) p. 493-499.
• “Alexander Crummell and the Invention of Africa.” The Massachusetts Review, Vol. XXXI, No. 3 (Autumn, 1990) p. 385-406.
• “Tolerable Falsehoods: Agency and the Interests of Theory.” In Consequences of Theory. Barbara Johnson & Jonathan Arac (eds.) Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991 p. 63-90.
• “Racisms.” In Anatomy of Racism. David Goldberg (ed.) Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press, 1990. p. 3-17.
• “Race.” In Critical Terms for Literary Study. Frank Lentricchia & Tom McLaughlin (eds.) Chicago University Press, 1989. p. 274-287.
• “Out of Africa: Topologies of Nativism.” The Yale Journal of Criticism, 2.1, (1988) p. 153-178.
• “A Long Way From Home: Richard Wright in the Gold Coast.” In Richard Wright. Harold Bloom (ed.) New York: Chelsea House, Modern Critical Views, 1987. p. 173-190.
• “Racism and Moral Pollution.” Philosophical Forum, Vol. XVIII, Nos. 2-3 (Winter-Spring, 1986-1987. p. 185-202. *“The Uncompleted Argument: Du Bois and the Illusion of Race.” Critical Inquiry, 12, (Autumn 1985).
• “Are We Ethnic? The Theory and Practice of American Pluralism.” Black American Literature Forum, 20 (Spring-Summer 1986) p. 209-224.
• "Deconstruction and the Philosophy of Language." Diacritics, Spring 1986, p. 49-64
• "The Importance of Triviality." Philosophical Review, 95 (April 1986) p. 209-231.
• "Verificationism and the Manifestations of Meaning." Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume, 59 (1985) p. 17-31.
• "Soyinka and the Philosophy of Culture." In Philosophy in Africa: Trends and Perspectives. P.O. Bodunrin (ed.) Ile-Ife: University of Ife Press, 1985. p. 250-263.
• "Generalizing the Probabilistic Semantics of Conditionals." Journal of Philosophical Logic, 13 (1985) p. 351-372.
• "An Argument Against Anti-realist Semantics." Mind 93, (October 1984) p. 559-565.
• "On Structuralism and African Fiction: An analytic critique." Black American Literature Forum, 15 (Winter 1981). In Black Literature and Literary Theory Henry Louis Gates Jr. (ed.) London: Methuen, 1984. p. 127-150.

Further reading

• Philip Gambone, "Kwame Anthony Appiah" in Travels in a Gay Nation: Portraits of LGBTQ Americans (Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 2010), ISBN 978-029923684-7

External links

• Appiah's personal page
• Appiah's Princeton home page
• Works by or about Kwame Anthony Appiah in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• "The Ethics of Identity" Radio interview
• "What is Race?" Radio interview
• "Experimental Philosophy" Radio interview
• Video conversation/debate with the philosopher Joshua Knobe on Bloggingheads.tv
• 'Experiments in Ethics' on Philosophy Bites Podcast interview
• 'Cosmopolitanism' on Philosophy Bites Podcast interview
• Public Radio interview with Jenny Attiyeh (Thoughtcast)
• "Sidling Up to Difference" On Being (March 24, 2011) - Interview with Krista Tippett, 2011