Antigua Guatemala
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| Antigua Guatemala | |
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| Nickname(s): Antigua or La Antigua | |
  Antigua Guatemala
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| Coordinates: 14°34′N 90°44′W / 14.567°N 90.733°W | |
| Country |  Guatemala |
| Department | Sacatepéquez |
| Government | |
| - Mayor | |
| Population (2002) | |
| - Total | 34,685 as of last census (2,007) |
La Antigua Guatemala (commonly referred to as just Antigua or La Antigua) is a city in the central highlands of Guatemala famous for its well-preserved Spanish Mudéjar-influenced[1] Baroque architecture as well as a number of spectacular ruins of colonial churches. It has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Antigua Guatemala serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name. It also serves as the departmental capital of Sacatepéquez Department.
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[edit] Population
The city had a peak population of some 60,000 in the 1770s; the bulk of the population moved away in the late 18th century. Despite significant population growth in the late 20th century, the city had only reached half that number by the 1990s. According to the 2007 census, the city has some 34,685 inhabitants.
[edit] History
La Antigua Guatemala means the "Old Guatemala" and was the third capital of Guatemala. The first capital of Guatemala was founded on the site of a Kakchikel-Maya city, now called Iximche, on July 25, 1524 -the day of Saint James- and therefore named Ciudad de Santiago de los Caballeros de Goathemalan (City of Saint James of the Knights of Guatemala). Naturally, St. James became the patron saint of the city. After several Cakchiquel uprisings, the capital was moved to a more suitable site in the Valley of Alotenango (Rio Guacalate) on November 22, 1527, and kept its original name. When this city, on the site of present-day San Miguel Escobar[2], was destroyed on September 11, 1541 by a devastating lahar from the Volcán de Agua,[3] the colonial authorities decided to move once more, this time to the Panchoy Valley. So, on March 10, 1543 the Spanish conquistadors founded present-day Antigua, and again, it was named Santiago de los Caballeros. For more than 200 years it served as the seat of the military governor of the Spanish colony of Guatemala, a large region that included almost all of present-day Central America and the southernmost State of Mexico: Chiapas. In 1566 King Felipe II of Spain gave it the title of "Muy Noble y Muy Leal" ("Very Noble and Very Loyal").
On September 29, 1717, an estimated 7.4 magnitude earthquake hit Antigua Guatemala, and destroyed over 3,000 buildings. Much of the city's architecture was ruined. The damage the earthquake did to the city made authorities consider moving the capital to another city.
In 1773, a series of earthquakes destroyed much of the town, which led to the third change in location for the city. The Spanish Crown ordered (1776) the removal of the capital to a safer location, the Valley of the Shrine, where Guatemala City, the modern capital of Guatemala, now stands. This new city did not retain its old name and was christened Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción (New Guatemala of the Ascension) and its patron saint is Our Lady of Ascension. The badly damaged city of Santiago de los Caballeros was ordered abandoned, although not everyone left, and was thereafter referred to as la Antigua Guatemala (the Old Guatemala).
[edit] Antigua today
| Antigua Guatemala* | |
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| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
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| State Party |  Guatemala |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | ii, iii, iv |
| Reference | 65 |
| Region** | Latin America and the Caribbean |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 1979 (3rd Session) |
| * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. ** Region as classified by UNESCO. |
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Central Park (Parque Central) is the heart of the city. The reconstructed fountain there is a popular gathering spot. Off to the side of the Central Park, the Arco de Santa Catalina is among the many notable architectural landmarks of La Antigua.
La Antigua is noted for its very elaborate religious celebrations during Lent (Cuaresma), leading up to Holy Week (Semana Santa) and Easter(Pascua). Each Sunday in Lent, one of the local parishes sponsor a Procession through the streets of Antigua.
[edit] Language Schools
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There are also many Spanish language schools in Antigua and it is one of the most popular and best recognized centers for Spanish language study by students from Europe and North America. In fact, language institutes are one of the primary industries of Antigua, along with tourism. Choosing a school Centro Linguistico Maya, Christian Spanish Academy, Escuela Tecun Uman, and Don Pedro de Alvarado Spanish School are among a number of respected Spanish language institutes in Antigua. There are other trusted schools in the city, as well. As with any industry, there are a few "fly by night" operations that have brought a bad reputation to Spanish language schools. The city's tourism office can give helpful advice on choosing a reputable school, as can current students. One can locate pupils in Antigua's Central Park, especially after 2:00 in the afternoon. Occasional complaints relating to the competency of teachers or the quality of schools has been raised, but the majority of schools in Antigua have good reputations, according to many former students. Learning Spanish Most students study alone with their teacher. Sitting at a small desk in the school, the instructor teaches in Spanish. Even for individuals with no previous Spanish prior- knowledge, this usually does not present any problems for the pupil. Subjects covered include vocabulary, grammar, spelling, sentence construction, and other methods to teach Spanish. Most teachers have at least some formal training in the university for their chosen profession. Students usually study for 4 hours, from 8:00 AM to 12:00, with an approximately 20 minute break at around 10:00. Some of the better schools serve refreshments and light pastries for their students, during this time. Pricing There are different prices for Spanish language instruction. This depends on the school, how many hours of language instruction are desired, and whether room and board are needed. Typically, in 2009, the fee for a teacher for 4 hours per day, through a school, is approximately a low of $75.00 (U.S), up to $200.00 per week. Schools typically put students up in homes of middle class families. Students usually have their own room, with a shared bathroom. Prices range from around $75.00 to $200.00 (U.S.) per week. The broad range of costs depends on school fees, experience of teacher, and other factors. Living with families Students who reside in Antigua for the purpose of language learning often stay with local families. Normally, solo students live in a middle-class home, in their own room, usually with a shared bathroom. Meals are served Monday through Saturday, breakfast, lunch, and dinner included. Some homes don't serve meals on Sunday, for the purpose of giving the host family a break. In this situation, students can purchase food at supermarkets, or at different types of restaurants, ranging from local, and inexpensive fare, to American-style fast food, to expensive cuisine.
[edit] Education in Antigua
The University of San Carlos in Antigua was founded by the Papal Bull of Pope Innocent XI issued dated 18 June 1687.
[edit] Cuisine
A number of restaurants can be found in Antigua, to satisfy every taste and budget. Small mom-and-pop type businesses often sell local flavors at reasonable prices. Many of these can be found at the Antigua marketplace located next to the central bus stop. U.S. style fast food restaurants including Burger King, as well as Guatemala's favorite Pollo Campero are in the city. Thai (Café Flor), Italian (La Antigua Vinería),Pizza (Asjemenou), Mexican (Café No Sé), Spanish (Tapas y Tintos) and typical food in nicer restaurants are common in Antigua.
[edit] Tourism
Antigua is a growing tourist destination in Guatemala as it is close to Guatemala City but is much calmer and safer, with more tourist oriented activities. It is possible to take buses from Antigua to many parts of Guatemala, though the transportation is more central in Guatemala City.
[edit] Important Ruins and other tourist attractions
- Church and Convent of Capuchins
- Cathedral of San José
- La Merced Church
- Ruins of old San José
- Old weapons Museum
- Church School of Christ
- San Francisco Cathedral
- Santo Domingo Monastery
- San Hermano Pedro Cathedral
- Museum of the Old Book (El Libro Antiguo)
- Museum of Colonial Art, in the former San Carlos University Building
- The Jade museum
- Maria Eskenasy Fine Art, The Artist's Studio and Gallery
[edit] Volcanoes
Three large volcanoes dominate the horizon around Antigua.
The most commanding, to the south of the city, is the Volcán de Agua or "Volcano of Water", some 3766 meters (12,356 ft) high. When the Spanish arrived, the inhabitants of the zone, Kakchikel Mayas, called it Hunapú (and they still do). However, it became known as Volcán de Agua after a mudslide from the volcano buried the second site of the capital, which prompted the Spanish authorities to move the capital to present-day Antigua. The original site of the 2nd capital is now the village San Miguel Escobar.
To the west of the city are a pair of peaks, Acatenango, last erupted in 1972, some 3976 meters (13045 ft) high, and the Volcán de Fuego or "Volcano of Fire", some 3763 meters (12346 ft) high. "Fuego" is famous for being almost constantly active at a low level. Smoke issues from its top daily, but larger eruptions are rare.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Buriedmirror.com, citing S.D. Markman, Colonial Architecture of Antigua Guatemala
- ^ Lutz, Christopher H. (1997) Santiago de Guatemala, 1541-1773: City, Caste, and the Colonial Experience University of Oklahoma Press
- ^ "Agua". Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution. http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1402-10=. Retrieved 2008-08-03.
[edit] External links
- Official Site in Spanish
- Antigua Daily - Antigua Information & News Site
- Descubre Antigua Guatemala - Pictures and history Antigua Guatemala
- Antigua Guatemala Map
- Antigua Guatemala Information
Coordinates: 14°34′N 90°44′W / 14.567°N 90.733°W
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