Antimony pentachloride
| Antimony pentachloride | |
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Antimony pentachloride |
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Other names
Antimonic chloride |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 7647-18-9  |
| ChemSpider | 10613049 |
| EC number | 231-601-8 |
| RTECS number | CC5075000 |
| Jmol-3D images | Image 1 Image 2 |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | SbCl5 |
| Molar mass | 299.02 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colourless or yellow (fuming) liquid |
| Density | 2.336 g/cm3 |
| Melting point |
2.8 °C, 276 K, 37 °F |
| Boiling point |
140 °C, 413 K, 284 °F |
| Solubility in water | decomposes |
| Solubility | soluble in HCl, chloroform and CCl4 |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.59255 |
| Viscosity | 0.00191 Pa s (35 °C) |
| Structure | |
| Molecular shape | Trigonal bipyramidal |
| Dipole moment | 0 D |
| Hazards | |
| EU Index | 051-002-00-3 |
| EU classification | Corrosive (C) Dangerous for the environment (N) |
| R-phrases | R34, R51/53 |
| S-phrases | (S1/2), S26, S45, S61 |
| NFPA 704 |
 0
3
1
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| Flash point | 77 °C |
| LD50 | 1115 mg/kg, oral (rat) |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Antimony pentafluoride |
| Other cations | Phosphorus pentachloride |
| Related compounds | Antimony trichloride |
 (verify) (what is:  / ?)Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
Antimony pentachloride is a the chemical compound with the formula SbCl5. It is a colourless oil, but typical samples are yellowish due to impurities. Owing to its tendency to hydrolyse to hydrochloric acid, SbCl5 is highly corrosive substance.
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[edit] Preparation and structure
Antimony pentachloride is prepared by passing chlorine gas into molten antimony trichloride:
- SbCl3 + Cl2 → SbCl5
Gaseous SbCl5 has a trigonal prismatic structure.[1]
[edit] Reactions
Antimony pentachloride hydrolyses readily to give hydrochloric acid:
- 2 SbCl5 + 5 H2O → Sb2O5 + 10 HCl
This reaction is suppressed in the presence of large excess of chloride owing to formation of the hexachloroantimonate complex ion:
- SbCl5 + Cl− → [SbCl6]−
The mono- and tetrahydrates are known, SbCl5.H2O SbCl5.4H2O.
This compound forms adducts with many Lewis bases. It is used as the standard Lewis acid in the Gutmann scale of Lewis basicity.[2]
It is also a strong oxidizing agent.[3]
[edit] Applications
Antimony pentachloride is used as a polymerization catalyst and for the chlorination of organic compounds.
[edit] References
- ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0080379419.
- ^ V. Gutmann (1976). "Solvent effects on the reactivities of organometallic compounds". Coord. Chem. Rev. 18 (2): 225. doi:10.1016/S0010-8545(00)82045-7.
- ^ Connelly, N. G. and Geiger, W. E. (1996). "Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry". Chem. Rev. 96: 877–922. doi:10.1021/cr940053x. PMID 11848774.
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