Antiparasitic

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Skeletal formula of metronidazole

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Antiparasitics are a class of medications which are indicated for the treatment of parasitic diseases such as nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, infectious protozoa, and amoebas.

Contents

1 Antinematodes
2 Anticestodes
3 Antitrematodes
4 Antiamoebics
5 Antiprotozoals
6 See also

Antinematodes[edit]

Ancylostoma caninum, a type of hookworm, attached to the intestinal mucosa.

Mebendazole (for most nematode infections)
Pyrantel pamoate (for most nematode infections)
Thiabendazole (for roundworm infections)
Diethylcarbamazine (for treatment of Lymphatic filariasis)
Ivermectin (for prevention of river blindness)

Anticestodes[edit]

Niclosamide (for tapeworm infections)
Praziquantel (for tapeworm infections)
Albendazole (broad spectrum)

Antitrematodes[edit]

Praziquantel

Antiamoebics[edit]

Antiprotozoals[edit]

Melarsoprol (for treatment of sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei)
Eflornithine (for sleeping sickness)
Metronidazole (for vaginitis caused by Trichomonas)
Tinidazole (for intestinal infections caused by Giardia)
Miltefosine (for the treatment of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, currently undergoing investigation for Chagas disease)

See also[edit]

v t e Pharmacology: major drug groups

Gastrointestinal tract/ metabolism (A)	stomach acid Antacids H₂ antagonists Proton pump inhibitors Antiemetics Laxatives Antidiarrhoeals/Antipropulsives Anti-obesity drugs Anti-diabetics Vitamins Dietary minerals

Blood and blood forming organs (B)	Antithrombotics Antiplatelets Anticoagulants Thrombolytics/fibrinolytics Antihemorrhagics Platelets Coagulants Antifibrinolytics

Cardiovascular system (C)	cardiac therapy/antianginals Cardiac glycosides Antiarrhythmics Cardiac stimulants Antihypertensives Diuretics Vasodilators Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers renin-angiotensin system ACE inhibitors Angiotensin II receptor antagonists Renin inhibitors Antihyperlipidemics Statins Fibrates Bile acid sequestrants

Skin (D)	Emollients Cicatrizants Antipruritics Antipsoriatics Medicated dressings

Genitourinary system (G)	Hormonal contraception Fertility agents SERMs Sex hormones

Endocrine system (H)	Hypothalamic-pituitary hormones Corticosteroids Glucocorticoids Mineralocorticoids Sex hormones Thyroid hormones/Antithyroid agents

Infections and infestations (J, P, QI)	Antimicrobials: Antibacterials (Antimycobacterials) Antifungals Antivirals Antiparasitics Antiprotozoals Anthelmintics Ectoparasiticides IVIG Vaccines

Malignant disease (L01-L02)	Anticancer agents Antimetabolites Alkylating Spindle poisons Antineoplastic Topoisomerase inhibitors

Immune disease (L03-L04)	Immunomodulators Immunostimulants Immunosuppressants

Muscles, bones, and joints (M)	Anabolic steroids Anti-inflammatories NSAIDs Antirheumatics Corticosteroids Muscle relaxants Bisphosphonates

Brain and nervous system (N)	Analgesics Anesthetics General Local Anorectics Anti-ADHD Agents Antiaddictives Anticonvulsants Antidementia Agents Antidepressants Antimigraine Agents Antiparkinson's Agents Antipsychotics Anxiolytics Depressants Entactogens Entheogens Euphoriants Hallucinogens Psychedelics Dissociatives Deliriants Hypnotics/Sedatives Mood Stabilizers Neuroprotectives Nootropics Neurotoxins Orexigenics Serenics Stimulants Wakefulness-Promoting Agents

Respiratory system (R)	Decongestants Bronchodilators Cough medicines H₁ antagonists

Sensory organs (S)	Ophthalmologicals Otologicals

Other ATC (V)	Antidotes Contrast media Radiopharmaceuticals Dressings

Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – Excavata antiparasitics (P01)

Trypanosomiasis	African trypanosomiasis: ornithine (Eflornithine^#) arsenical (Melarsoprol^#) benzamidine (Pentamidine^#) naphthalenesulfonate (Suramin^#) Chagas disease: nitroimidazole (Benznidazole^#) nitrofuran (Nifurtimox^#)

Leishmaniasis	macrolide (Amphotericin B^#) Pentavalent antimonials (Meglumine antimoniate^#, Sodium stibogluconate) benzamidine (Pentamidine^#) phosphorylcholine (Miltefosine) neomycin (Paromomycin)

PAM	macrolide (Amphotericin B)

Giardiasis	nitroimidazole (Metronidazole^#, Tinidazole) benzimidazole (Albendazole) thiazole (Nitazoxanide) nitrofuran (Furazolidone) aminoacridine (Quinacrine)

Trichomoniasis	nitroimidazole (Carnidazole, Metronidazole^#, Tinidazole)

Dientamoebiasis	nitroimidazole (Metronidazole Secnidazole) oxyquinoline (Iodoquinol) tetracycline (Doxycycline) neomycin (Paromomycin)

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

ambz, excv, chrm (strc)

ambz, excv, chrm

ambz, excv, chrm

Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01)

Conoidasida/
(Coccidiostats)

Cryptosporidiosis	thiazole (nitazoxanide)

Isosporiasis	trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole^#

Toxoplasmosis	pyrimethamine sulfadiazine

Individual
agents

Hemozoin
inhibitors

aminoquinolines	(4-): amodiaquine^# chloroquine^# (8-): primaquine^# pamaquine

4-methanolquinolines	mefloquine^# quinine^# quinidine

Other	lumefantrine combined with artemether halofantrine

DHFR inhibitors (antifols)	pyrimethamine proguanil^# chlorproguanil biguanides

Sulfonamides	sulfadoxine sulfamethoxypyrazine

Coformulation	sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP)^#

Sesquiterpene
lactones

Other

atovaquone (with proguanil as as Malarone)
tetracycline
doxycycline^#
clindamycin
pyronaridine
piperaquine

Combi-
nations

Fixed-dose (coformulated) ACTs	artemether/lumefantrine^# artesunate/amodiaquine (ASAQ) artesunate/mefloquine (ASMQ) dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine artesunate/pyronaridine

Other combinations (not co-formulated)	artesunate/SP artesunate/mefloquine quinine/tetracycline quinine/doxycycline quinine/clindamycin

clindamycin

Balantidiasis: Tetracycline

Blastocystosis: Metronidazole

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

ambz, excv, chrm (strc)

ambz, excv, chrm

ambz, excv, chrm

Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – agents against amoebozoa/amebicide (P01)

Tissue amebicides

Nitroimidazole derivatives	Metronidazole^# Tinidazole Ornidazole Nimorazole Secnidazole Azanidazole Propenidazole

Other	isoquinoline (Emetine/Dehydroemetine)

Luminal amebicides

Hydroxyquinoline derivatives	Cl (Chlorquinaldol) Br (Tilbroquinol Broxyquinoline) I (Diiodohydroxyquinoline) I,Cl (Clioquinol) related: Chiniofon

Dichloroacetamide derivatives	Diloxanide^# Clefamide Etofamide Teclozan

Aminoglycoside	Paromomycin

Other/ungrouped

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

ambz, excv, chrm (strc)

ambz, excv, chrm

ambz, excv, chrm

Antiparasitics – Anthelmintics (P02) and Endectocides (QP54)

Antiplatyhelmintic agents

Antitrematodals
(schistosomicides)

Binds tubulin	benzimidazole Triclabendazole^#

AI	phosphonic acid Metrifonate

Other/unknown	quinoline Praziquantel^# Oxamniquine^# phenol Bithionol thiazole Niridazole arylsulfonate Stibophen

Anticestodals
(taeniacides)

Binds tubulin	benzimidazole Albendazole^#

Other/unknown	salicylanilide Niclosamide^# aminoacridine Quinacrine butyrophenone Desaspidin chlorophenol Dichlorophen

Antinematodal agents
(including
macrofilaricides)

Binds tubulin	benzimidazole Mebendazole^# Albendazole^# Thiabendazole Fenbendazole Ciclobendazole Flubendazole

Glutamate-gated chloride channel, GABA receptor	avermectins Abamectin Doramectin Emamectin Ivermectin Selamectin milbemycins Moxidectin Milbemycin oxime

NMDA	tetrahydropyrimidine Pyrantel^# Pyrantel pamoate Oxantel

Other/unknown	piperazine Piperazine Diethylcarbamazine^# thiazole Levamisole^# quinolinium Pyrvinium benzylammonium Bephenium naphthalenesulfonate Suramin^# Tribendimidine

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

helm, arth (acar)

helm, arth (lice), zoon

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