Apiary: Difference between revisions
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The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, species Malus domestica in the rose family Rosaceae. It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits. The tree is small and deciduous, reaching 3 to 12 metres (9.8 to 39 ft) tall, with a broad, often densely twiggy crown.[2] The leaves are alternately arranged simple ovals 5 to 12 cm long and 3–6 centimetres (1.2–2.4 in) broad on a 2 to 5 centimetres (0.79 to 2.0 in) petiole with an acute tip, serrated margin and a slightly downy underside. Blossoms are produced in spring simultaneously with the budding of the leaves. The flowers are white with a pink tinge that gradually fades, five petaled, and 2.5 to 3.5 centimetres (0.98 to 1.4 in) in diameter. The fruit matures in autumn, and is typically 5 to 9 centimetres (2.0 to 3.5 in) diameter. The center of the fruit contains five carpels arranged in a five-point star, each carpel containing one to three seeds.[2] |
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[[Image:Apiary 259F.JPG|thumb|right|An apiary in [[South Carolina]]; ''Langstroth'' hives on pallets.]] |
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An '''apiary''' (also known as a '''bee yard''') is a place where [[beehive (beekeeping)|beehives]] of [[honey bee]]s are kept. Traditionally [[beekeeper]]s (also known as apiarists) paid land rent in [[honey]] for the use of small parcels. Some [[farmer]]s will provide free apiary sites, because they need [[pollination]], and farmers who need many hives often pay for them to be moved to the crops when they bloom. |
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The tree originated from Central Asia, where its wild ancestor is still found today. There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples resulting in a range of desired characteristics. Cultivars vary in their yield and the ultimate size of the tree, even when grown on the same rootstock.[3] |
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==Location== |
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[[Image:Apiary.jpg|thumb|right|Apiary (Bienenhaus) in [[Upper Bavaria]], [[Germany]]]]For [[pollination management|pollination]], apiaries are rarely set up; the bees are only present during the bloom period of the crop. But in a few cases, such as for [[organic farm]]s, long term apiaries are established, with the [[rule of thumb]] being one hive per acre (4,000 m²) of the crop that needs pollination. |
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At least 55 million tonnes of apples were grown worldwide in 2005, with a value of about $10 billion. China produced about 35% of this total.[4] The United States is the second leading producer, with more than 7.5% of the world production. Turkey, France, Italy, and Iran are also among the leading |
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In the USA there are beekeepers - from hobbyists to commercial - in every state. The most lucrative areas for American honey production are Florida, Texas, California, and the Upper Midwest. For paid pollination, the main areas are California, the Pacific Northwest, the Great Lakes States, and the Northeast. An apiary may have other [[hive management]] objectives including queen rearing and mating. In the [[northern hemisphere]], east and south facing locations with full morning sun are preferred. In hot climates shade is needed and may have to be artificially provided if trees are not present. Other factors include air and water drainage and accessibility by truck, distance from phobic people, and protection from vandalism. |
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==Size== |
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Depending on the [[Northern Nectar Sources for Honeybees|nectar]] and [[pollen source]]s in a given area, the maximum number of hives that can be placed in one apiary can vary. If too many hives are placed into an apiary the hives compete with each other for scarce resources. This can lead to lower [[honey]] and [[pollen]] yields, higher transmission of [[diseases of the honey bee|disease]] and [[robbing]]. The maximum size of a permanent apiary or bee yard may depend on the type of bee as well. Some [[western honey bee|honey bee species or races]] fly farther than others. A circle around an apiary with a 3 mile foraging radius is 28.27 square miles (18,093 acres). A good rule of thumb is to have no more than 25 - 40 hives in a permanent apiary. Although, migrating beekeepers may temporarily place one hundred hives into a location with a good nectar flow. |
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==See also== |
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{{BeeColonyMemberTypes}} |
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==External links== |
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{{wiktionarypar|apiary}} |
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{{commons|Apiary}} |
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*[http://www.weyriver.co.uk/theriver The River Wey and Wey Navigations Community Site] — a non-commercial site of over 200,000 words all about the Wey Valley and includes a photo-essay about honey bees and apiary |
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*[http://www.honey.com/pressrm/industry/industry.html National Honey Board] Press Release June 2005 |
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*[http://www.nass.usda.gov/ny/03mar/hny0305.htm [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]]] |
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* [http://www.beeland.ru Beekeeping Land] The Russian Beekeeping Site |
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* [http://www.pchelovod.com Beekeeping equipment from Russia] Different stock for beekeepers for work on an apiary |
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[[Category:Entomology]] |
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[[Category:Beekeeping]] |
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[[Category:Pollination]] |
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[[bs:Pčelinjak]] |
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[[cv:Утар]] |
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[[de:Bienenhaus]] |
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[[gl:Apiario]] |
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[[hr:Pčelinjak]] |
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[[it:Apiario]] |
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[[lt:Bitynas]] |
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[[pl:Pasieka]] |
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[[pt:Apiário]] |
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[[ru:Пасека]] |
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[[sh:Pčelinjak]] |
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[[uk:Пасіка]] |
Revision as of 14:31, 23 September 2009
The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, species Malus domestica in the rose family Rosaceae. It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits. The tree is small and deciduous, reaching 3 to 12 metres (9.8 to 39 ft) tall, with a broad, often densely twiggy crown.[2] The leaves are alternately arranged simple ovals 5 to 12 cm long and 3–6 centimetres (1.2–2.4 in) broad on a 2 to 5 centimetres (0.79 to 2.0 in) petiole with an acute tip, serrated margin and a slightly downy underside. Blossoms are produced in spring simultaneously with the budding of the leaves. The flowers are white with a pink tinge that gradually fades, five petaled, and 2.5 to 3.5 centimetres (0.98 to 1.4 in) in diameter. The fruit matures in autumn, and is typically 5 to 9 centimetres (2.0 to 3.5 in) diameter. The center of the fruit contains five carpels arranged in a five-point star, each carpel containing one to three seeds.[2]
The tree originated from Central Asia, where its wild ancestor is still found today. There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples resulting in a range of desired characteristics. Cultivars vary in their yield and the ultimate size of the tree, even when grown on the same rootstock.[3]
At least 55 million tonnes of apples were grown worldwide in 2005, with a value of about $10 billion. China produced about 35% of this total.[4] The United States is the second leading producer, with more than 7.5% of the world production. Turkey, France, Italy, and Iran are also among the leading