Aponeurosis

Aponeurosis
Gray's	subject #104 376

Aponeuroses (plural of aponeurosis: απο, "away" or "of", and νευρον, "sinew") are layers of flat broad tendons. They have a shiny, whitish-silvery color, are histologically similar to tendons, and are very sparingly supplied with blood vessels and nerves. When dissected, aponeuroses are papery, and peel off by sections. The primary regions with thick aponeurosis are in the ventral abdominal region, the dorsal lumbar region, and in the palmar and plantar region.

Their primary function is to join muscles and the body parts the muscles act upon.

Anterior abdominal aponeuroses

The anterior abdominal aponeuroses are located just on top of the rectus abdominis muscle. It has for its borders the external oblique, pectoralis muscles, and the latissimus dorsi.

Posterior lumbar aponeuroses

The Posterior lumbar aponeuroses are situated just on top of the epaxial muscles of the thorax, which are multifidus spinae and Sacrospinalis.

Palmar and plantar aponeuroses and extensor hood

The palmar aponeuroses occur on the palms of the hands. The extensor hoods are aponeuroses at the back of the fingers.
The plantar aponeuroses occur on the plantar aspect of the foot. They extend from the calcaneal tuberosity then diverge to connect to the bones, ligaments and the dermis of the skin around the distal part of the metatarsal bones.

Anterior and posterior intercostal membranes

The anterior and posterior intercostal membranes are aponeuroses located between the ribs and are continuations of the external and internal intercostal muscles, respectively.

Scalp aponeuroses

The aponeurosis (or galea aponeurotica) is a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue which runs from the frontalis muscle anteriorly to the occipitalis posteriorly.

Pennate muscles & Aponeuroses

Pennate muscles, in which the muscle fibers are oriented at an angle to the line of action, typically have two aponeuroses. Muscle fibers connect one to the other, and each aponeurosis thins into a tendon which attaches to bone at the origin or insertion site.

Elastic Energy Storage

Like tendons, aponeuroses attached to pennate muscles can be stretched by the forces of muscular contraction, absorbing energy like a spring and returning it when they recoil to unloaded conditions.

See also

• Aponeurosis of the Obliquus externus abdominis
• Aponeurosis of the Serratus posterior superior muscle
• Plantar aponeurosis
• Inguinal aponeurotic falx
• Bicipital aponeurosis
• Palatine aponeurosis
• Fascia

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

External links

• Gray's s104 - Aponeuroses
• Aponeurosis at eMedicine Dictionary