April 9

April 9 is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 266 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (Enkyklikon) to the bishops of his empire, supporting the Monophysite christological position.
• 537 – Siege of Rome: The Byzantine general Belisarius receives his promised reinforcements, 1,600 cavalry, mostly of Hunnic or Slavic origin and expert bowmen. He starts, despite of shortages, raids against the Gothic camps and Vitiges is forced into a stalemate.
• 1241 – Battle of Liegnitz: Mongol forces defeat the Polish and German armies.
• 1388 – Despite being outnumbered 16 to 1, forces of the Old Swiss Confederacy are victorious over the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Näfels.
• 1413 – Henry V is crowned King of England.
• 1440 – Christopher of Bavaria is appointed King of Denmark.
• 1454 – The Treaty of Lodi is signed, establishing a balance of power among northern Italian city-states for almost 50 years.
• 1511 – St John's College, Cambridge, England, founded by Lady Margaret Beaufort, receives its charter.
• 1585 – The expedition organised by Sir Walter Raleigh departs England for Roanoke Island (now in North Carolina) to establish the Roanoke Colony.
• 1609 – Eighty Years' War: Spain and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of Antwerp to initiate twelve years of truce.
• 1682 – Robert Cavelier de La Salle discovers the mouth of the Mississippi River, claims it for France and names it Louisiana.
• 1782 – American War of Independence: Battle of the Saintes begins.
• 1852 – At a general conference of the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Brigham Young explains the Adam–God doctrine, an important part of the theology of Mormon fundamentalism.
• 1860 – On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice.
• 1865 – American Civil War: Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia (26,765 troops) to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, effectively ending the war.
• 1867 – Alaska Purchase: Passing by a single vote, the United States Senate ratifies a treaty with Russia for the purchase of Alaska.
• 1909 – The U.S. Congress passes the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act.
• 1914 – Mexican Revolution: One of the world's first naval/air skirmishes takes place off the coast of western Mexico.
• 1916 – World War I: The Battle of Verdun – German forces launch their third offensive of the battle.
• 1917 – World War I: The Battle of Arras – the battle begins with Canadian Corps executing a massive assault on Vimy Ridge.
• 1918 – World War I: The Battle of the Lys – the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps is crushed by the German forces during what is called the Spring Offensive on the Belgian region of Flanders.
• 1918 – The National Council of Bessarabia proclaims union with the Kingdom of Romania.
• 1937 – The Kamikaze arrives at Croydon Airport in London – it is the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly to Europe.
• 1939 – Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln Memorial, after being denied the right to sing at the Daughters of the American Revolution's Constitution Hall.
• 1940 – World War II: Operation Weserübung – Germany invades Denmark and Norway.
• 1940 – Vidkun Quisling seizes power in Norway.
• 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Bataan/Bataan Death March – United States forces surrender on the Bataan Peninsula. The Japanese Navy launches an air raid on Trincomalee in Ceylon (Sri Lanka); Royal Navy aircraft carrier HMS Hermes and Royal Australian Navy Destroyer HMAS Vampire are sunk off the island's east coast.
• 1945 – World War II: The German pocket battleship Admiral Scheer is sunk.
• 1945 – World War II: The Battle of Königsberg, in East Prussia, ends.
• 1945 – The United States Atomic Energy Commission is formed.
• 1947 – The Glazier-Higgins-Woodward tornadoes kill 181 and injure 970 in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.
• 1947 – The Journey of Reconciliation, the first interracial Freedom Ride begins through the upper South in violation of Jim Crow laws. The riders wanted enforcement of the United States Supreme Court's 1946 Irene Morgan decision that banned racial segregation in interstate travel.
• 1948 – Jorge Eliécer Gaitán's assassination provokes a violent riot in Bogotá (the Bogotazo), and a further ten years of violence in Colombia known as La violencia.
• 1948 – Fighters from the Irgun and Lehi Zionist paramilitary groups attacked Deir Yassin near Jerusalem, killing over 100.
• 1952 – Hugo Ballivian's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution, starting a period of agrarian reform, universal suffrage and the nationalisation of tin mines
• 1957 – The Suez Canal in Egypt is cleared and opens to shipping.
• 1959 – Project Mercury: NASA announces the selection of the United States' first seven astronauts, whom the news media quickly dub the "Mercury Seven".
• 1961 – The Pacific Electric Railway in Los Angeles, once the largest electric railway in the world, ends operations.
• 1965 – Astrodome opens. First indoor baseball game is played.
• 1967 – The first Boeing 737 (a 100 series) makes its maiden flight.
• 1969 – The "Chicago Eight" plead not guilty to federal charges of conspiracy to incite a riot at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1969 – The first British-built Concorde 002 makes its maiden flight from Filton to RAF Fairford.
• 1975 – The first game of the Philippine Basketball Association, the second oldest professional basketball league in the world.
• 1975 – 8 people in South Korea, who are involved in People's Revolutionary Party Incident, are hanged.
• 1980 – The Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein kills philosopher Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and his sister Bint al-Huda after three days of torture.
• 1981 – The U.S. Navy nuclear submarine USS George Washington (SSBN-598) accidentally collides with the Nissho Maru, a Japanese cargo ship, sinking it.
• 1989 – The April 9 tragedy in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR an anti-Soviet peaceful demonstration and hunger strikes, demanding restoration of Georgian independence is dispersed by the Soviet army, resulting in 20 deaths and hundreds of injuries.
• 1991 – Georgia declares independence from the Soviet Union
• 1992 – A U.S. Federal Court finds former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega guilty of drug and racketeering charges. He is sentenced to 30 years in prison.
• 2003 – 2003 invasion of Iraq: Baghdad falls to American forces;Saddam Hussein statue topples as Iraqis turn on symbols of their former leader, pulling down the statue and tearing it to pieces.
• 2005 – Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales and Camilla Parker Bowles; Charles, Prince of Wales marries Camilla Parker Bowles in a civil ceremony at Windsor's Guildhall.
• 2009 – In Tbilisi, Georgia, up to 60,000 people protest against the government of Mikheil Saakashvili.
• 2013 – At least 37 people are killed and 850 are injured when a 6.3-magnitude earthquake strikes the Iranian province of Bushehr.
• 2013 – A gunman kills 13 people in a spree shooting in the village of Velika Ivanča, Serbia.

Births

• 1336 – Timur, Turkic ruler (d. 1405)
• 1498 – Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine (d. 1550)
• 1597 – John Davenport, English minister, co-founded the New Haven Colony (d. 1670)
• 1598 – Johann Crüger, German composer (d. 1662)
• 1627 – Johann Kaspar Kerll, German organist and composer (d. 1693)
• 1634 – Countess Albertine Agnes of Nassau (d. 1696)
• 1648 – Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway, French soldier and diplomat (d. 1720)
• 1649 – James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, Dutch-English general (d. 1685)
• 1680 – Philippe Néricault Destouches, French playwright (d. 1754)
• 1686 – James Craggs the Younger, English politician (d. 1721)
• 1691 – Johann Matthias Gesner, German scholar (d. 1761)
• 1717 – Georg Matthias Monn, Austrian organist, composer, and educator (d. 1750)
• 1770 – Thomas Johann Seebeck, German physicist (d. 1831)
• 1773 – Étienne Aignan, French author and academic (d. 1824)
• 1794 – Theobald Boehm, German flute player and composer (d. 1881)
• 1802 – Elias Lönnrot, Finnish physician and philologist (d. 1884)
• 1806 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel, English engineer, designed the Clifton Suspension Bridge (d. 1859)
• 1821 – Charles Baudelaire, French poet and critic (d. 1867)
• 1830 – Eadweard Muybridge, English-American photographer (d. 1904)
• 1835 – Leopold II of Belgium (d. 1909)
• 1846 – Paolo Tosti, Italian-English composer and educator (d. 1916)
• 1865 – Erich Ludendorff, German general (d. 1937)
• 1865 – Charles Proteus Steinmetz, Polish-American mathematician and engineer (d. 1923)
• 1867 – Chris Watson, Chilean-Australian politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1941)
• 1867 – Charles Winckler, Danish tug of war competitor (d. 1932)
• 1872 – Léon Blum, French politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1950)
• 1875 – Jacques Futrelle, American journalist and author (d. 1912)
• 1880 – Jan Letzel, Czech architect, designed the Hiroshima Peace Memorial (d. 1925)
• 1882 – Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1946)
• 1883 – Frank King, American cartoonist (d. 1969)
• 1888 – Sol Hurok, Ukrainian-American talent manager (d. 1974)
• 1893 – Victor Gollancz, English publisher, founded Victor Gollancz Ltd (d. 1967)
• 1893 – Rahul Sankrityayan, Indian historian and author (d. 1963)
• 1895 – Mance Lipscomb, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1976)
• 1895 – Michel Simon, Swiss-French actor (d. 1975)
• 1897 – John B. Gambling, American radio host (d. 1974)
• 1898 – Curly Lambeau, American football player and coach (d. 1965)
• 1898 – Paul Robeson, American singer, actor, and activist (d. 1976)
• 1900 – Allen Jenkins, American actor (d. 1974)
• 1901 – Jean Bruchési, Canadian historian (d. 1979)
• 1901 – Paul Willis, American actor (d. 1960)
• 1902 – Théodore Monod, French explorer and scholar (d. 2000)
• 1903 – Ward Bond, American actor (d. 1960)
• 1904 – Sharkey Bonano, American singer, trumpet player, and bandleader (d. 1972)
• 1905 – J. William Fulbright, American politician (d. 1995)
• 1906 – Rafaela Aparicio, Spanish actress (d. 1996)
• 1906 – Antal Doráti, Hungarian-American conductor and composer (d. 1988)
• 1908 – Joseph Krumgold, American author and screenwriter (d. 1980)
• 1908 – Victor Vasarely, Hungarian painter (d. 1997)
• 1910 – Abraham A. Ribicoff, American politician, 80th Governor of Connecticut (d. 1998)
• 1912 – Lev Kopelev, Russian author (d. 1997)
• 1913 – Smaro Stefanidou, Greek actress (d. 2010)
• 1915 – Daniel Johnson, Sr., Canadian politician, 20th Premier of Quebec (d. 1968)
• 1917 – Johannes Bobrowski, German songwriter and poet (d. 1965)
• 1917 – Brad Dexter, American actor (d. 2002)
• 1918 – Jørn Utzon, Danish architect, designed the Sydney Opera House (d. 2008)
• 1919 – J. Presper Eckert, American engineer, invented the ENIAC (d. 1995)
• 1921 – Jean-Marie Balestre, French businessman (d. 2008)
• 1921 – Frankie Thomas, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1922 – Carl Amery, German author and activist (d. 2005)
• 1925 – Virginia Gibson, American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Art Kane, American photographer (d. 1995)
• 1926 – Hugh Hefner, American publisher, founded Playboy Enterprises
• 1928 – Paul Arizin, American basketball player (d. 2006)
• 1928 – Tom Lehrer, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and mathematician
• 1929 – Sharan Rani Backliwal, Indian sarod player and scholar (d. 2008)
• 1929 – Paule Marshall, American author
• 1930 – Nathaniel Branden, Canadian-American psychotherapist
• 1930 – F. Albert Cotton, American chemist (d. 2007)
• 1930 – Wallace McCain, Canadian businessman, founded McCain Foods (d. 2011)
• 1931 – Richard Hatfield, Canadian politician, 26th Premier of New Brunswick (d. 1991)
• 1932 – Jim Fowler, American zoologist and television host
• 1932 – Armin Jordan, Swiss conductor (d. 2006)
• 1932 – Carl Perkins, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1998)
• 1933 – Jean-Paul Belmondo, French actor
• 1933 – Fern Michaels, American author
• 1934 – Bill Birch, New Zealand politician, 38th New Zealand Minister of Finance
• 1935 – Avery Schreiber, American actor (d. 2002)
• 1936 – Valerie Solanas, American author (d. 1988)
• 1937 – Marty Krofft, Canadian screenwriter and producer
• 1937 – Valerie Singleton, English television and radio host
• 1938 – Viktor Chernomyrdin, Russian businessman and politician, 30th Prime Minister of Russia (d. 2010)
• 1938 – Rockin' Sidney, American singer (d. 1998)
• 1939 – Michael Learned, American actress
• 1940 – Jim Roberts, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1941 – Kay Adams, American singer
• 1941 – Hannah Gordon, Scottish actress
• 1941 – Chu Song-woong, South Korean actor (d. 1985)
• 1942 – Brandon deWilde, American actor (d. 1972)
• 1942 – Margo Smith, American singer-songwriter
• 1943 – Terry Knight, American singer-songwriter and producer (Terry Knight and the Pack) (d. 2004)
• 1944 – Joe Brinkman, American baseball umpire
• 1945 – Steve Gadd, American drummer (Stuff, Steps Ahead, and Sunlightsquare)
• 1945 – Peter Gammons, American journalist
• 1946 – Nate Colbert, American baseball player
• 1946 – David Webb, English footballer, coach, and manager
• 1948 – Jaya Bachchan, Indian actress and politician
• 1948 – Michel Parizeau, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1948 – Patty Pravo, Italian singer
• 1952 – Tania Tsanaklidou, Greek singer and actress
• 1953 – John Howard, English singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1953 – Hal Ketchum, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1954 – Dennis Quaid, American actor, singer, and producer
• 1954 – Iain Duncan Smith, Scottish captain and politician
• 1955 – Joolz Denby, English poet and author
• 1955 – Kate Heyhoe, American author
• 1956 – Miguel Ángel Russo, Argentinian footballer and coach
• 1957 – Brian Alexander, English journalist and broadcaster
• 1957 – Seve Ballesteros, Spanish golfer (d. 2011)
• 1957 – Martin Margiela, Belgian fashion designer
• 1961 – Mark Kelly, Irish keyboard player (Marillion and DeeExpus)
• 1961 – Kirk McCaskill, Canadian-American baseball and hockey player
• 1962 – John Eaves, American production designer and illustrator
• 1962 – Ihor Podolchak, Ukrainian director, screenwriter, and producer
• 1962 – Imran Sherwani, English field hockey player
• 1962 – Jeff Turner, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
• 1963 – Marc Jacobs, American-French fashion designer
• 1963 – Joe Scarborough, American lawyer, politician, and talk show host
• 1964 – Rob Awalt, German-American football player
• 1964 – Lisa Guerrero, American actress and journalist
• 1964 – Soyo Oka, Japanese pianist and composer
• 1964 – Peter Penashue, Canadian politician
• 1964 – Margaret Peterson Haddix, American author
• 1964 – Rick Tocchet, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach
• 1965 – Jay Wesley Neill, American murderer (d. 2002)
• 1965 – Mark Pellegrino, American actor
• 1965 – Paulina Porizkova, Czech-American model and actress
• 1965 – Jeff Zucker, American businessman
• 1966 – Cynthia Nixon, American actress
• 1967 – Alex Kahn, American puppeteer
• 1969 – Linda Kisabaka, German runner
• 1970 – Chorão, Brazilian singer-songwriter (Charlie Brown Jr.) (d. 2013)
• 1970 – Mike Barz, American journalist
• 1970 – Tricia Penrose, English actress and singer
• 1971 – Peter Canavan, Irish footballer and manager
• 1971 – Earl Cole, American reality contestant, winner of Survivor: Fiji
• 1971 – Austin Peck, American actor
• 1971 – Jacques Villeneuve, Canadian race car driver
• 1971 – Leo Fortune-West, English footballer and manager
• 1972 – Bernard Ackah, German-Japanese martial artist and kick-boxer
• 1972 – Neve McIntosh, Scottish actress
• 1973 – Spencer Rice, Canadian actor, screenwriter, director, and producer
• 1974 – Jenna Jameson, American porn actress and model
• 1974 – Alexander Pichushkin, Russian serial killer
• 1975 – Anna Coren, Australian journalist
• 1975 – Robbie Fowler, English footballer and manager
• 1975 – David Gordon Green, American director and screenwriter
• 1976 – Kyle Peterson, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1976 – Blayne Weaver, American actor and screenwriter
• 1977 – Gerard Way, American singer-songwriter and producer (My Chemical Romance)
• 1978 – Jorge Andrade, Portuguese footballer
• 1978 – Vesna Pisarović, Croatian singer
• 1978 – Rachel Stevens, English singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress (S Club)
• 1978 – Veronica Taylor, American voice actress
• 1979 – Katsuni, French porn actress
• 1979 – Billy Brandt, American porn actor
• 1979 – Albina Dzhanabaeva, Russian singer and actress
• 1979 – Albert Hammond, Jr., American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Strokes)
• 1979 – Keshia Knight Pulliam, American actress
• 1979 – Keith Nobbs, American actor
• 1979 – Jeff Reed, American football player
• 1979 – Mark Ruiz, Puerto Rican diver
• 1979 – Ben Silverstone, English actor and lawyer
• 1980 – Clueso, German singer-songwriter and producer
• 1980 – Yoanna House, American model
• 1980 – Jerko Leko, Croatian footballer
• 1980 – Isabelle Severino, French gymnast and actress
• 1980 – Ryan Northcott, Canadian actor
• 1980 – Rachel Specter, American actress
• 1980 – Lee Yo-won, South Korean actress
• 1981 – Moran Atias, Israeli actress and model
• 1981 – Milan Bartovič, Czech ice hockey player
• 1981 – Arlen Escarpeta, Belizean-American actor
• 1981 – Eric Harris, American murderer, committed the Columbine High School massacre (d. 1999)
• 1981 – Ireneusz Jeleń, Polish footballer
• 1981 – Dennis Sarfate, American baseball player
• 1981 – Melissa Witek, American model, Miss Florida USA 2005
• 1982 – Jay Baruchel, Canadian actor
• 1982 – Carlos Hernández, Costa Rican footballer
• 1982 – Kathleen Munroe, Canadian-American actress
• 1983 – Ryan Clark, Australian actor
• 1983 – Willie Colon, American football player
• 1984 – Linda Chung, Canadian-Hong Kong actress and singer
• 1984 – Adam Loewen, Canadian baseball player
• 1984 – Lili Mirojnick, American actress
• 1984 – Óscar Razo, Mexican footballer
• 1985 – Antonio Nocerino, Italian footballer
• 1985 – David Robertson, American baseball player
• 1985 – Tomohisa Yamashita, Japanese actor and singer (NEWS, Kitty GYM, and Shūji to Akira)
• 1986 – Mike Hart, American football player
• 1986 – Brian Larsen, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1986 – Luca Marin, Italian swimmer
• 1986 – Leighton Meester, American actress and singer
• 1987 – Kassim Abdallah, French-Comorian footballer
• 1987 – Craig Mabbitt, American singer (Escape the Fate, Blessthefall, The Word Alive, and The Dead Rabbitts)
• 1987 – Jesse McCartney, American singer-songwriter and actor (Dream Street)
• 1987 – Jarrod Mullen, Australian rugby player
• 1987 – Jazmine Sullivan, American singer and actress
• 1988 – Uee, South Korean singer, dancer, and actress (After School)
• 1988 – Michel Alves Baroni, Brazilian footballer
• 1988 – Dino Imperial, Filipino actor
• 1988 – Jeremy Metcalfe, English race car driver
• 1989 – Danielle Kahle, American figure skater
• 1990 – David Jones-Roberts, Australian actor
• 1990 – Kristen Stewart, American actress
• 1992 – Joshua Ledet, American singer
• 1994 – Joey Pollari, American actor
• 1998 – Elle Fanning, American actress
• 2000 – Jackie Evancho, American singer and actress

Deaths

• 585 BC – Emperor Jimmu, Japanese emperor (b. 711 BC)
• 93 – Yuan An, Chinese scholar
• 436 – Tan Daoji, Chinese general
• 491 – Zeno, Byzantine emperor (b. 425)
• 715 – Pope Constantine (b. 664)
• 1024 – Pope Benedict VIII (b. 980)
• 1137 – William X, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 1099)
• 1305 – Lord Borchard de Herle, English diplomat (b. 1268)
• 1483 – Edward IV of England (b. 1442)
• 1484 – Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales (b. 1473)
• 1492 – Lorenzo de' Medici, Italian ruler (b. 1449)
• 1553 – François Rabelais, French monk and scholar (b. 1494)
• 1557 – Mikael Agricola, Finnish clergyman and scholar (b. 1510)
• 1626 – Sir Francis Bacon, English jurist and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales (b. 1561)
• 1654 – Matei Basarab, Romanian prince (b. 1588)
• 1693 – Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy, French author (b. 1618)
• 1747 – Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat, Scottish soldier (b. 1667)
• 1754 – Christian Wolff, German philosopher (b. 1679)
• 1761 – William Law, English priest (b. 1686)
• 1768 – Sarah Fielding, English author (b. 1710)
• 1804 – Jacques Necker, French politician (b. 1732)
• 1806 – William V, Prince of Orange (b. 1748)
• 1872 – Erastus Corning, American businessman and politician (b. 1794)
• 1876 – Charles Goodyear, American politician (b. 1804)
• 1889 – Michel Eugène Chevreul, French chemist (b. 1786)
• 1909 – Helena Modjeska, Polish-American actress (b. 1840)
• 1915 – Raymond Whittindale, English rugby player (b. 1883)
• 1917 – James Hope Moulton, English scholar (b. 1863)
• 1922 – Hans Fruhstorfer, German entomologist and explorer (b. 1866)
• 1926 – Zip the Pinhead, American freak show performer (b. 1857)
• 1936 – Ferdinand Tönnies, German sociologist and philosopher (b. 1855)
• 1940 – Mrs. Patrick Campbell, English actress (b. 1865)
• 1944 – Yevgeniya Rudneva, Ukrainian pilot (b. 1920)
• 1945 – Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German pastor and theologian (b. 1906)
• 1945 – Wilhelm Canaris, German admiral (b. 1887)
• 1945 – Johann Georg Elser, German carpenter (b. 1903)
• 1945 – Hans Oster, German general (b. 1887)
• 1945 – Karl Sack, German jurist (b. 1896)
• 1945 – Hans von Dohnányi, German jurist, German (b. 1902)
• 1948 – George Carpenter, Australian 5th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1872)
• 1948 – Jorge Eliécer Gaitán Ayala, Colombian politician, Mayor of Bogotá (b. 1903)
• 1951 – Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian physicist and meteorologist (b. 1862)
• 1953 – Eddie Cochems, American football player and coach (b. 1877)
• 1953 – C.E.M. Joad, English philosopher and broadcaster (b. 1891)
• 1959 – Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect, designed the Price Tower and Fallingwater (b. 1867)
• 1961 – Zog of Albania (b. 1895)
• 1963 – Eddie Edwards, American trombonist (Original Dixieland Jass Band) (b. 1891)
• 1963 – Xul Solar, Argentinian painter and sculptor (b. 1887)
• 1970 – Gustaf Tenggren, Swedish-American illustrator (b. 1896)
• 1971 – Paulette Noizeux, French actress (b. 1887)
• 1976 – Dagmar Nordstrom, American singer-songwriter and pianist (Nordstrom Sisters) (b. 1903)
• 1976 – Phil Ochs, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1940)
• 1978 – Clough Williams-Ellis, English-Welsh architect, designed Portmeirion (b. 1883)
• 1980 – Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr, Iraqi cleric and philosopher (b. 1935)
• 1982 – Wilfrid Pelletier, Canadian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1896)
• 1988 – Brook Benton, American singer-songwriter (b. 1931)
• 1988 – Hans Berndt, German footballer (b. 1913)
• 1988 – Dave Prater, American singer (Sam & Dave) (b. 1937)
• 1991 – Forrest Towns, American hurdler (b. 1914)
• 1993 – Joseph B. Soloveitchik, American rabbi and philosopher (b. 1903)
• 1996 – Richard Condon, American author (b. 1915)
• 1996 – James Rouse, American real estate agent, founded The Rouse Company (b. 1914)
• 1997 – Mae Boren Axton, American singer-songwriter (b. 1914)
• 1997 – Helene Hanff, American author and screenwriter (b. 1916)
• 1998 – Tom Cora, American cellist and composer (Skeleton Crew, Curlew, and Third Person) (b. 1953)
• 1999 – Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, Nigerien general and politician, President of Niger (b. 1949)
• 2001 – Willie Stargell, American baseball player (b. 1940)
• 2002 – Pat Flaherty, American race car driver (b. 1926)
• 2002 – Leopold Vietoris, Austrian mathematician (b. 1891)
• 2003 – Jerry Bittle, American cartoonist (b. 1949)
• 2003 – Earl Bramblett, American murderer (b. 1942)
• 2005 – Andrea Dworkin, American activist and author (b. 1946)
• 2006 – Billy Hitchcock, American baseball player, coach, manger (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Vilgot Sjöman, Swedish screenwriter and director (b. 1924)
• 2007 – Egon Bondy, Czech philosopher and poet (b. 1930)
• 2009 – Nick Adenhart, American baseball player (b. 1986)
• 2010 – Zoltán Varga, Hungarian footballer (b. 1945)
• 2011 – Zakariya Rashid Hassan al-Ashiri, Bahraini journalist (b. 1971)
• 2011 – Sidney Lumet, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1924)
• 2012 – Takeshi Aono, Japanese voice actor (b. 1936)
• 2012 – Barry Cahill, Canadian-American actor (b. 1921)
• 2012 – Meral Okay, Turkish actress and producer (b. 1959)
• 2012 – Malcolm Thomas, Welsh rugby player (b. 1929)
• 2013 – David Hayes, American sculptor (b. 1931)
• 2013 – Lynn Lundquist, American politician (b. 1934)
• 2013 – Greg McCrary, American football player (b. 1952)
• 2013 – Mordechai Mishani, Israeli politician (b. 1945)
• 2013 – Emilio Pericoli, Italian singer (b. 1928)
• 2013 – McCandlish Phillips, American journalist (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Paolo Soleri, Italian-American architect, designed the Cosanti (b. 1919)
• 2013 – Zao Wou-Ki, Chinese-French painter (b. 1920)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Gaucherius
  • Materiana
  • Waltrude
  • Dietrich Bonhoeffer (Anglican Communion), (Lutheran)
  • April 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Martyrs' Day (Tunisia)
• Day of National Unity (Georgia)
• Day of the Finnish Language (Finland)
• Day of Valour, also known as the "Bataan Day" (the Philippines)
• Occupation of Denmark (Denmark)
• Vimy Ridge Day, commemorating the Battle of Vimy Ridge. (Canada)
• World Konkani Day (Goa)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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