Archie search engine
Archie is a tool for indexing FTP archives, allowing people to find specific files. It is considered to be the first Internet search engine.[1] The original implementation was written in 1990 by Alan Emtage and J. Peter Deutsch, then postgraduate students at McGill University in Montreal and Bill Heelan, who studied at Concordia University in Montreal and worked at McGill University at the same time. [2]
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[edit] History and name
The archie service began as a project for students and volunteer staff at the McGill University School of Computer Science in 1987[3] , when Deutsch, Emtage, and Heelan were asked to connect the School of Computer Scienceto the Internet. Peter Deutsch was a supervisor of the group, which included just three of the mentioned above. The earliest versions of archie, written by Alan Emtage, simply contacted a list of FTP archives on a regular basis (contacting each roughly once a month, so as not to waste too much resources of the remote servers) and requested a listing. These listings were stored in local files to be searched using the Unix grep command.
Bill Heelan and Peter Deutsch wrote a script allowing people to login and search collected information using telnet protocol at the host "archie.mcgill.ca" [132.206.2.3]. [3] Later, more efficient front- and back-ends were developed, and the system spread from a local tool, to a network-wide resource, and a popular service available from multiple sites around the Internet. The collected data would be exchanged between the neighbouring Archie servers. The servers could be accessed in multiple ways: using a local client (such as archie or xarchie); telneting to a server directly; sending queries by electronic mail; and later via a World Wide Web interface. In the zenith of its fame the Archie search engine accounted for 50% of the Montreal Internet traffic.
In 1992, Emtage along with Peter Deutsch and some financial help of McGill University formed Bunyip Information Systems the world's first company expressly founded for and dedicated to providing Internet information services with a licensed commercial version of the Archie search engine used by millions of people worldwide. Bill Heelan followed them into Bunyip soon after, where he together with Bibi Ali and Sandro Mazzucato was a part of so-called Archie Group. The group significantly updated the archie database and indexed web-pages. For different reasons the work on the search engine was ceased in the late 1990s.
The name derives from the word "archive" without the v. Alan Emtage has said that contrary to popular belief, there was no association with the Archie Comics and that he despised them.[4]
A legacy Archie server is still maintained active for historic purposes in Poland at University of Warsaw's Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling.
[edit] See also
- Jughead and Veronica
- Wide area information server (WAIS)
[edit] References
- ^ "The First Search Engine, Archie". http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/~chip/projects/timeline/1990archie.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-26.
- ^ "In Russian: History of the Internet. The First Search Engine". http://www.xserver.ru/computer/nets/internet/196/. Retrieved 2012-02-23.
- ^ a b "Peter Deutsch: archie - An Electronic Directory Service for the Internet". http://www1.chapman.edu/gopher-data/archives/Internet%20Information/whatis.archie. Retrieved 2012-02-23.
- ^ BBC Radio 4 - Saturday Live, 7 November 2009
[edit] Further reading
- Archie—A Darwinian Development Process. Peter Deutsch. IEEE Internet computing, January/February 2000, 4(1):69-71. Part of Millennial Forecasts, doi:10.1109/4236.815849.
- P. Deutsch, A. Emtage, A. Marine, How to Use Anonymous FTP (RFC1635, May 1994)
