Ardashir II
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This article relies largely or entirely upon a single source. (February 2012) |
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Ardashir II (Persian: اردشیر دوم), was the tenth Sassanid King of Persia from 379 to 383.
He is believed by some to be the son and by others to be the brother of his predecessor, Shapur II (309–379).[1] However, it is well known that under the reign Shapur, Ardashir II had served as governor-King of Adiabene, where he had reportedly persecuted Christians.
However, the acts of brutality against Christians attributed to him severely contradict the unanimous view that he was the most kind and virtuous of the Sassanian rulers. Ardashir II was given the epithet "Nihoukar" or "Beneficient" by the Persians. The Arabs called him "Al Djemil" or "the Virtuous". According to the "Modjmel-al-Tewarikh," he took no taxes from his subjects during the four years of his reign, and thereby secured to himself their affection and gratitude.
[edit] Relations With Armenia
Soon after his accession, events in Armenia seemed to occupy Ardashir's attention. The son of Arsaces II (Arshak II), Papas (Pap) had been murdered during Shapur's reign and the Romans had replaced him with a certain Varasdates (Varazdat) who was a member of the Arsacid family. However, real power was in the hands of a certain Moushegh who appeared to be a noble in the Armenian court. Moushegh was suspected of having conspired with the Emperor of Rome and was murdered by Varasdates. This act roused the indignation of Moushegh's brother Manuel who rebelled against Varasdates and with the support of Persia deposed him and placed upon the Armenian throne Zarmandukht, the widow of Papas who was the mother of Arsaces III (Arshak III) and Papas' son, who made Manuel the Sparapet or Commander-in-chief. In return for their services, Manuel allowed the Persians to maintain a garrison in Armenia.
But this arrangement did not work for long. A nobleman named Meroujan wrongly informed Manuel that the commandant of the Persian garrison desired to capture him. Enraged, Manuel fell upon the ten thousand Persian soldiers stationed in Armenia and murdered them. But Manuel died soon afterwards and confusion followed. Desirous of maintaining peace in the borderlands, the Roman Emperor Theodosius I and Ardashir II decided upon a treaty. But Ardashir II died in 383 before the treaty could be signed. The treaty was eventually signed and ratified by his son Shapur III in the year 384. His daughter Zruanduxt married the King Khosrov IV of Armenia.[2]
[edit] Notes
- ^ Frye, Richard N. (1983). "Chapter XI: The Sassinids". The History of Ancient Iran. Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft, section 3, part 7. Verlag C. H. Beck. pp. 316–317. ISBN 3-406-09397-3.
- ^ Faustus of Byzantium, History of the Armenians (5th century), Book VI, Chapter 1
[edit] References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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Ardashir II
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| Preceded by Shapur II |
Great King (Shah) of Persia 379–383 |
Succeeded by Shapur III |
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