Grey Heron
| Grey Heron | |
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| Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Pelecaniformes |
| Family: | Ardeidae |
| Genus: | Ardea |
| Species: | A. cinerea |
| Binomial name | |
| Ardea cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 |
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| Light green: summer Dark green: all year Blue: winter |
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The Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea), is a wading bird of the heron family Ardeidae, native throughout temperate Europe and Asia and also parts of Africa. It is resident in the milder south and west, but many birds retreat in winter from the ice in colder regions. It has become common in summer even inside the Arctic circle along the Norwegian coast.
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[edit] Description
It is a large bird, standing up to 100 cm (39 in) tall and measuring 84–102 cm (33–40 in) long with a 155–195 cm (61–77 in) wingspan.[2] The body weight can range from 1.02–2.08 kg (2.2–4.6 lb).[3] Its plumage is largely grey above, and off-white below. Adults have a white head with a broad black supercilium and slender crest, while immatures have a dull grey head. It has a powerful, pinkish-yellow bill, which is brighter in breeding adults. It has a slow flight, with its long neck retracted (S-shaped). This is characteristic of herons and bitterns, and distinguishes them from storks, cranes and spoonbills, which extend their necks. The call is a loud croaking "fraaank". The Australian White-faced Heron is often incorrectly called a Grey Heron. In Ireland the grey heron is often colloquially called a "crane".
[edit] Taxonomy
There are four subspecies:
- Ardea cinerea cinerea Linnaeus, 1758. Europe, Africa, western Asia
- Ardea cinerea jouyi Clark, 1907. Eastern Asia
- Ardea cinerea firasa Hartert, 1917. Madagascar
- Ardea cinerea monicae Jouanin & Roux, 1963. Islands off Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania.
It is closely related and similar to the American Great Blue Heron, which differs in slightly larger size, and chestnut-brown flanks and thighs.
[edit] Behaviour
[edit] Food and feeding
It feeds in shallow water, catching fish, frogs, and insects with its long bill. Herons will also take small mammals, reptiles and occasionally warbler nestlings, plovers, young and adult snipes, takes ducklings and tern chicks and other small birds.[4] It will often wait motionless for prey, or slowly stalk its victim.
In the Netherlands, the Grey Heron has become a very common species in recent decades by moving into urban environments in great numbers. There, the herons hunt as they usually would but also make use of food discarded by humans, will visit feeding times in zoos to birds such as penguins and pelicans and some individuals even make use of people feeding them at their homes. Similar behaviour on a smaller scale has been reported in Ireland.[5]
[edit] Breeding
This species breeds in colonies in trees close to lakes, the seashore or other wetlands, although it will also nest in reedbeds. It builds a bulky stick nest.
[edit] References
- ^ BirdLife International (2008). Ardea cinerea. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 9 February 2009. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern.
- ^ "Grey heron (Ardea cinerea)". ARKive. http://www.arkive.org/grey-heron/ardea-cinerea/#text=Facts. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
- ^ CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992), ISBN 978-0849342585.
- ^ Pistorius, P.A. (2008) "Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) predation on the Aldabra White-throated Rail (Dryolimnas cuvieri aldabranus)" Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120 (3):631-632
- ^ All this behaviour can be seen in the Dutch documentary Schoffies (Hoodlums).
- Handbook of the Birds of the World 1: 405. Lynx Edicions.
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ardea cinerea |
- BirdLife Species Factsheet
- Grey Heron videos, photos & sounds on the Internet Bird Collection
- Photographs of breeding Grey Herons in the Black Forest, Germany
- Call of the Grey Heron (Real Audio soundfile from Sveriges Radio P2)
- Ageing and sexing (PDF) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta
- Grey Heron photos Grey Heron pictures and voice
- Grey Heron catches, kills and eats a baby rabbit (Mail Online)
